55 research outputs found
A Service of zbw Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Age-Dependent Skill Formation and Returns to Education: Simulation Based Evidence Age-Dependent Skill Formation and Returns to Education: Simulation Based Evi
No full textStandard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Age-Dependent Skill Formation and Returns to Education: Simulation Based Evidence Friedhelm Pfeiffer Karsten Reuß The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit company supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. This study integrates findings from neurobiology and psychology on early childhood development and self-regulation to assess returns to education. Our framework for evaluating the distribution of age-specific returns to investments in cognitive and noncognitive skills is a lifecycle simulation model based on the technology of skill formation (Cunha and Heckman JEL Classification: J21, J24, J3
Mutational analysis of SGPL1: In silico modelling (The analysis results will be shared with Prof. Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Harvard medical school, Division of Nephrology Boston Children's Hospital). These results ( were approved in OAK before), that were shared with Prof. Friedhelm Hildebrandt is now a part of full manuscript for publication with Prof. Friedhelm Hildebrandt as corresponding author . Honnappa Srinivas and Rainer Wilken are the co-authors from NIBR. Please find attached the full manuscript.
No full textSphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1), a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism, catalyzes the irreversible decomposition of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) by a retro-aldol fragmentation that yields hexadecanaldehyde and phosphoethanolamine. . Its main substrate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts both extracellularly, by binding G protein-coupled receptors of the lysophospholipid receptor family, and inside the cell, as a second messenger. Therefore, S1P takes part in regulating various cellular processes and its levels are tightly regulated.
SGPL1 is a symmetric homodimer; two subunits form a tightly intertwined dimer with both chains contributing to the catalytic cavity defined by the covalently bound cofactor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). Two mutations (R222Q and S346Ile) were found in individuals from families with nephrotic syndrome (unpublished data, Prof. Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Harvard medical school, Division of Nephrology Boston Children's Hospital). To understand the structural changes due to these mutations, we have performed an in silico modelling analysis. The published SGPL1 structure (PDB accession 4Q6R) served as a basis for our in silico model analysis to derive qualitative measure of protein stability and dimer affinity
Roberto Arlt
No full textRoberto Arlt is considered one of the most important Argentine writers of the first half of the 20th century. Despite his fame as a novelist and author of etchings, his rich production of dramatic works remains little known and little performed on stage in Argentine and international theaters. With this volume we try to alleviate this partial oblivion through the critical edition of one of his most important theatrical pieces: Africa. The edition compares the text published so far with the typewritten version found in the Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut in Berlin and which is part of the Arlt legacy of that institution. But the volume is more than a mere traditional critical edition, since, apart from the two versions, it includes a series of materials that facilitate the understanding of the text and the context through its paratexts. The importance of the piece within Arlt's theatrical production is perceived when considering the number of these paratexts, which include several stories, etchings and photographs that are based on the writer's trip to Europe and North Africa in 1935. All They indicate important changes in the perception of both Argentine society and foreign culture by Arlt himself, a perception that functions as a mirror to understand one's own
Roberto Arlt
No full textRoberto Arlt is considered one of the most important Argentine writers of the first half of the 20th century. Despite his fame as a novelist and author of etchings, his rich production of dramatic works remains little known and little performed on stage in Argentine and international theaters. With this volume we try to alleviate this partial oblivion through the critical edition of one of his most important theatrical pieces: Africa. The edition compares the text published so far with the typewritten version found in the Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut in Berlin and which is part of the Arlt legacy of that institution. But the volume is more than a mere traditional critical edition, since, apart from the two versions, it includes a series of materials that facilitate the understanding of the text and the context through its paratexts. The importance of the piece within Arlt's theatrical production is perceived when considering the number of these paratexts, which include several stories, etchings and photographs that are based on the writer's trip to Europe and North Africa in 1935. All They indicate important changes in the perception of both Argentine society and foreign culture by Arlt himself, a perception that functions as a mirror to understand one's own
Kleinbäuerliche Ökonomie, Bodenrecht und Landkonflikte in Guinea-Bissau
No full textIn Guinea-Bissau stehen sich zwei unterschiedliche Bodenrechtssysteme gegenüber: das auf gemeinschaftliche Nutzung ausgerichtete, lokal verankerte "traditionelle" Bodenrecht (Gewohnheitsrecht) und das an Privateigentum orientierte "moderne" staatliche Bodenrecht. Privatbesitz an Grund und Boden war bis in jüngste Zeit kaum ein Konfliktfaktor. Das änderte sich aber recht bald nach der Unabhängigkeit, nachdem die Regierung auf internationalen Druck hin in den 1980er Jahren die Wirtschaft liberalisierte und Tausende von Hektar Land binnen kurzer Zeit in Privateigentum übergingen. Die Dissertation analysiert Vorgeschichte, Verlauf und Bedeutung der Bodenkommerzialisierung für die kleinbäuerliche Ökonomie und rurale Gesellschaft in Guinea-Bissau. Lokale Landrechtsvorstellungen und Landnutzungssysteme sowie die Agrarproduktion in den Untersuchungsregionen Biombo und Gabú werden dargestellt. Die in zwei längeren Forschungsaufenthalten 1997 / 1998 in Guinea-Bissau erhobenen Daten (hauptsächlich Interviews mit ländlicher Bevölkerung, teilnehmende Beobachtung) bestätigen, dass Kleinbauern das Rückgrat afrikanischer Gesellschaften bilden und sie durchaus flexibel und fähig zu Innovationen in bezug auf die Landnutzung und Lösung von Bodenkonflikten sind. In Guinea-Bissau hat die Bodenprivatisierung zu einem Cajuboom geführt. Heute ist das kleine Land weltweit fünfter Cajunussexporteur, doch extrem abhängig von dieser Monokultur. Die negativen Folgen der Bodenkommerzialisierung für die kleinbäuerliche Landwirtschaft und ihre Sozialstruktur überwiegen. Die komplizierte Landbetitelung und die Verteidigungsstrategien der Kleinbauern gegen die neuen Grundbesitzer, die Ponteiros, werden genauer untersucht. Schliesslich analysiert der Verfasser die im Zuge massiver Bodenprivatisierung entstandenen Landkonflikte und präsentiert einige Vorschläge für alternative Landbetitelungssysteme, die sowohl das „traditionelle“ wie auch das „moderne“ Bodenrecht berücksichtigen.Two different legal systems of land rights face each other in Guinea-Bissau: a) the locally based “traditional” land rights (customary law) which are orientated on common land use and b) the private property-oriented “modern” state land laws. Private ownership of land until recently was hardly a conflict factor. However, that changed soon after independence, when the government liberalized the economy due to international pressure and thousands of hectares of land passed over to private ownership within a short time frame. This thesis analyzes the historical background, the process and the importance of individual land tenure (private ownership) for the rural economy and society in Guinea-Bissau. The author presents local land tenure conceptions’, land use systems and the agricultural production in two regions, Biombo and Gabú. The data (mainly interviews with rural population, participant observation) of two extended research stays 1997 / 1998 confirm that small farmers are the backbone of African societies and that they are quite flexible and able to innovation with respect to land use and the resolution of land conflicts. The individualization of land tenure has led to a boom in cashew tree cultivation. Today Guinea-Bissau is the world’s fifth largest exporter of cashew nuts, but also extremely dependent on this monoculture. The negative consequences of private land tenure on the smallholder agriculture and social rural structures prevail, because often land is acquired for speculative interests, bank security etc. The complicated titling of individual land property and the defence strategies of small farmers against the new landowners, the Ponteiros, are discussed in depth. Finally the land conflicts that result from the massive land privatisation are analyzed and the author elaborates possible alternative arrangements to the current titling of land properties, considering both the “traditional” and the “modern” land tenure system alike
The dynamics of dietary change of transitional food systems in tropical forest areas of Southeast Asia : The contemporary and traditional food system of the Katu in the Sekong Province, Lao PDR
No full textFrom a nutritional point of view, this thesis started with the hypothesis that Laos is lacking a food security concept which sufficiently responds to the country’s unique cultural and biological resources, and as such to provide local solutions for its emerging nutritional problems in the uplands. The author concentrated on the following five objectives: (1) The traditional and contemporary food system and diet were described, and the present nutrient intake was assessed. (2) The health and nutrition situation was analysed. (3) Determinants for dietary change were identified. (4) Recommendations about harnessing positive dietary change were proposed. (5) Assumptions within the current Lao food security concept were discussed and tentatively corrected. Between 2001 and 2003, through the investigation of material and cultural elements of the Katu food system, a historical continuum of food acquisition as well as of culinary principles was identified and described for four villages. It was shown that the traditional Katu diet was nutritionally adequate but is shifting towards inadequacy, which appears to be related to a higher intake of rice (adversely processed) and a concomitant lower intake of a variety of other staples, meats, wild fruits, and wild vegetables. The identified high levels of stunting, wasting, being underweight and parasitic infections, however, do not vary significantly between the villages. Low levels of anaemia and iodine deficiency disorders were identified, but vit A deficiency could not be detected. It is instructive that negative dietary change can be ascribed in particular to the two villages which are apparently more “modern”. There the lower nutrient intake might only be buffered by a better health or access to medicines. The two villages in the forest away from the lowland societies show a more acceptable nutrient intake, but factors other than the intake of nutrients might have an impact on their nutritional situation. These could be disease, excessive smoking, and continuous exposure to chemical residues from the war period. The negative dietary change has shown to be mainly the result of two direct causes. The first cause is the disruption of the agroecosystem (most severely hunting). The second – and less acknowledged – cause is the vanishing of interrelated culinary principles, including kinship solidarity and concomitant culinary monotony. The Katu’s food system was also found to be strongly affected by underlying forces which are slipping out of the Katu’s control. As such, forces for the national integration together with the interaction of regional systems and evolving market commodities appear to suppress the Katu’s own potential for cultural innovation and occur at the expense of the local environment. Subsequently, it was inferred that there is yet a high food-based potential to arrest the process of the Katu’s negative dietary change. However, the current Lao food security concept is neither based on a comprehensive understanding of the changing dynamics of upland food systems, nor does it attempt to draw on the full potential of traditional food chains, cuisines, and diets. As such, the author identified four major fallacies: Firstly, it was proposed that the concept makes many uplanders food insecure by ill-definition. Secondly, it was shown that the goal of reaching food security via market integration becomes illusive. Thirdly, until now, most of the food security activities are localized at the food chain level and do not appear to sufficiently respond to culinary principles. Fourthly, it was postulated that the food security concept is completely detached from the underlying causes of nutritional problems. It became evident that the concept of food security for ethnic minorities living in tropical forest areas rich in biodiversity urgently needs to be restructured and be made more polyvalent. It is proposed that the need for external and high input interventions is far less than anticipated as local self-help potentials are not yet optimized.Der Wandel von Ernährungssystem und Nährstoffaufnahme in den tropischen Waldgebieten Südostasiens - Eine Fallstudie über das traditionelle und das transformierte Ernährungssystem der Katu in der Provinz Sekong der Demokratischen Volksrepublik Laos Dieser Arbeit liegt die Hypothese zugrunde, dass das derzeitige Konzept zur Ernährungssicherung in der VR Laos nicht das Potential hat, einen positiven Ernährungswandel der verschiedenen Ethnien in den Wald- und Waldrandzonen zu unterstützen. Die Arbeit verfolgt fünf Hauptziele: (1) Das traditionelle und das derzeitige Ernährungssystem sollen dokumentiert werden. (2) Traditionelle und derzeitige Ernährungsweisen sollen anhand von Nahrungsmittelgruppen beschrieben werden. Die derzeitige Nährstoffaufnahme wird ermittelt und mit den Empfehlungen für die Nährstoffzufuhr sowie dem Ernährungsstatus verglichen. (3) Einflussfaktoren auf das heutige Ernährungssystem unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ernährungswandels werden ermittelt. (4) Empfehlungen für die Steigerung der Nährstoffzufuhr werden entworfen und notwendige Voraussetzungen dafür werden identifiziert. (5) Das derzeit angewandte Ernährungssicherungskonzept wird diskutiert. Von 2001-2003 wurden mittels eines selbstentwickelten Rahmenkonzepts kulturelle Elemente (Cuisine) wie auch materielle Elemente (Nahrungsmittelkette) des traditionellen und des transformierten Ernährungssystems beschrieben. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die traditionelle Ernährung der Katu nährstoffreich ist, welches auf einen sehr hohen Verzehr von Fleisch, verschiedener Getreidearten, Wurzel- und Knollenfrüchten und einem hohen Anteil an Wildfrüchten und -gemüsen zurückzuführen ist. Die Konsummuster von heute wurden wie folgt charakterisiert: Hoher und ansteigendender Reisverzehr, rückgängiger Fleischkonsum, ansteigender Verzehr domestizierter Obst- und Gemüsearten. Insbesondere Protein, Fett, Vit B1, Vit B2, Kalzium, Eisen und Zink wurden als kritische Nährstoffe identifiziert. Es wurde ermittelt, dass alle Dörfer ein hohes Mass an stunting, wasting und Untergewicht aufweisen. Eisen- und Jodmangel konnten nur in geringem Mass und Vit-A Mangel nicht festgestellt werden. Die Analysen der Stuhlproben zeigten ein hohes Mass an parasitären Infektionen. Es wurde herausgefunden, dass der Verlust der traditionellen Katu Medizin bisher nicht mit neuen Gesundheitsdienstleistungen abgepuffert werden kann. Allgemein konnte festgestellt werden, dass der negative Ernährungswandel auf zwei Hauptursachen beruht: Erstens, trägt der unvorteilhafte Wandel des Agrarökosystems, insbesondere eine abnehmende Jagdausbeute, massgeblich dazu bei. Zweitens, die Vereinfachung der kulinarischen Prinzipien, insbesondere der Nahrungsmittel-, Speisen- und Gewürzvielfalt verringern das Potential einer ausgewogenen Nährstoffzufuhr. Externe Einflussfaktoren auf das Ernährungssystem wurden identifiziert und gruppiert in a) biokulturelle Adaptation, b) Umweltzustand, c) nationale und d) regionale Integration. Es wurden Empfehlungen für einen positiven Ernährungswandel ausgesprochen mit Foki auf a) sechs Nahrungsmittelgruppen, b) die Nahrungsmittelkette und c) die Cuisine unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der externen Einflussfaktoren. Es erscheint evident, dass derzeitige Ziele zur Ernährungssicherung auf falschen Annahmen beruhen: Ernährungssicherheit wird ausschliesslich als Reissicherheit definiert. Nährstoffverluste durch den zurückgehenden Konsum von Wildgemüsen und -tieren werden unterschätzt und ihre Substitution durch gekaufte Nahrungsmittel überschätzt. Der Fokus auf Produktion und Kauf von Nahrungsmitteln überlagert das Potential, die Anteile der Nahrungsmittelgruppen zu optimieren und vorteilhafte Zubereitungs- oder Konservierungsmethoden wiederzubeleben bzw. Innovationen in der Cuisine einzuführen. Es wird nicht ausreichend versucht, auf externe Einflussfaktoren einzuwirken. Es wird die These aufgestellt, dass auch in anderen tropischen Waldregionen mit hoher kultureller Vielfalt und Biodiversität das lokale Ernährungssicherungspotential nicht ausreichend genutzt wird und nicht in jedem Fall externe Intervention mit hohem Input notwendig sind
Kunst und Künstler im Erzählwerk Klaus Manns. Intermediale Forschungsperspektiven auf Musik, Tanz, Theater und bildende Kunst
No full textLa tesi mira ad indagare l'opera narrativa di Klaus Mann dal punto di vista intermediale, distaccandosi dalla prospettiva predominante, ovvero la chiave di lettura autobiografica e di genere.My doctoral thesis focuses on the analysis of the art and artist question in the main novels by Klaus Mann (1906-1949). It concentrates especially on all those intermedial phenomena, which make the author’s literary style modern and dynamic. Through this perspective, I intend to diverge from the main stream within the Klaus-Mann-Forschung, which focuses itself mostly on biographical or gender aspects. My analysis mainly develops from a chronological point of view and examines Klaus Mann’s artistic and aesthetic thought beginning from his debut, with the novel Der fromme Tanz (1925), until his later works, i.e. his pre-exile novel Treffpunkt im Unendlichen (1932) and his well-known exile works Symphonie Pathétique (1935), Mephisto (1936) and Der Vulkan (1939). In this context, I particularly stress those strategies, which can be defined as “intermedial”, because they show how reciprocal medial influences permit to model and represent the most important art expressions of this era through writing. Therefore, Klaus Mann’s prose is strongly characterised by the thematization of art expressions such as the modern dances and songs of the 1920s, the early days of the talkies, but also cabaret, photography and expressionist painting. In particular, these phenomena are not only the object of the plot, but they also influence the narrative structure, so that these novels become fictional texts about music, dance, theatre and figurative arts, because they deal with these themes and at the same time they try to imitate them from a formal point of view. Moreover, it’s possible to identify the development of Klaus Mann’s poetics toward the role of art and the artist through the comparison between his prose and essay works. If Klaus Mann’s first novel is also a novel about Berlin, it’s important to underline that the interest for this metropolis mainly emerges from the representation of its most significant art manifestations, so that Klaus Mann’s work can also be considered as a fictional reportage about the “Golden Age”. That’s also true for Treffpunkt im Unendlichen, in which the author reflects the influences of the Neue Sachlichkeit. However, it’s the musician’s novel Symphonie Pathétique, which presents the most interesting intermedial aspects, because with this work Klaus Mann tries to imitate Tschaikovsky’s Symphony No. 6 in B-minor both thematically and structurally, as especially showed in the American edition of this novel. It should also be emphazised that this novel functions as counterpart of the satire Mephisto, in which the author explores an eminently negative example of art, i.e. Hendrik Höfgen’s histrionism on the stage, but also in his private life; moreover, Klaus Mann compares here the aesthetic role of masks with the Nazis propaganda techniques. Nevertheless, the theatre dimension also plays a positive role, as represented in Klaus Mann’s last novel Der Vulkan, especially through the political engagement of Marion von Kammer. In conclusion, my doctoral thesis aims to analyse not only Klaus Mann’s understanding of art and its antifascist role, but also the expressive potential of his writing and often experimental style
Friction modeling, identification and compensation
No full textHigh-precision tracking requires excellent control of slow motion and positioning. Recent advances have provided dynamic friction models that represent almost all experimentally observed properties of friction. The state space formulation of these new mathematical descriptions has the property that the state derivatives are continuous functions. This enables the application of established theories for nonlinear systems. The existence of locally stable fixed points does not imply for nonlinear systems the absence of limit cycles (periodic orbits) or unstable solutions. Therefore, global properties of PI velocity and PID position control are analyzed using a passivity and Lyapunov based approach. These linear control laws are then extended by nonlinear components based on the friction model considered. The applications presented in this work are in the domains of mechatronics and machine-tools.LAContact the author at the following address: friedhelm.altpeter(_AT_)ieee.or
Arabische Bibliographie zur europaischen Integration mit deutscher Ubersetzung der Titel, aus den Bestanden der Universitatsbibliothek Tübingen = Bibliography of Arab Writing on European Integration Including German Translation of Titles, Based on the Arabic Collections of Tubingen University Library
No full textThis is the SECOND EDITION of the Arab bibliography on European integration. The first edition was also published by TOBIAS-lib under the title "Arabische Stimmen zur europaischen Integration: Arbeitsbibliographie aus den Bestanden der Universitatsbibliothek Tubingen = A Key to European Integration from the Arab viewpoint: Working Bibliography Based on the Arabic Collections of Tübingen University Library". As far as the author knows, this is the only general bibliography of Arab writing on the European integration process since its beginnings in the postwar years up to the 1990s (exactly till 1997). Even the European institutions seem not to have produced an equivalent bibliography. In case the author is mistaken and has overlooked such bibliographies, he asks to correct his generalizing statement. In later editions the bibliography shall be continued up to the present time. The scope of Arab writing on European integration includes all the topical publications in Arabic, including Arabic translations of western works. Additionally, topical publications of Arab authors in western languages and even mere references, where only short remarks on the European integration process and its institutions are given, are included. The main sources are Arab journals of political science and law. The bibliography rests on a wide concept of integration, thereby encompassing not only the institutions of the EC/EU, but also institutional inputs like the Council of Europe, OECD, WEU etc. Out of practical reasons this bibliography is based on the large German national collections of Arabica, which are housed by the Special Subject Collection "The Middle East, including Northern Africa" (6.23) of the German Research Foundation. The collections till 1997 are housed by Tübingen University Library and from 1998 onwards by Halle State and University Library (the collections of the successor institution in Halle still have to be included into the bibliography). The Special Subject Collection (6.23) is one of Europe's largest collections of Arabica, being even important on an international level. Making accessible the Arabic collections in Tubingen University Library together with their corresponding call number not only facilitates local research, but helps all researchers in Germany to find easily Arab literature about European integration by the German inter-library loan system. Thereby, this bibliography assists the Special Subject Collection (6.23) in its task of providing literature to Middle East area studies on the national level in Germany. It is not only a bibliographical aid to specialists of Middle East area studies and European integration studies in Germany, but for the international research community, too. It is just the only one. This second edition of the bibliography addresses in particular those German speaking researchers of European integration, who concentrate on the external relations of the EC/EU with Arab countries, but do not speak Arabic themselves. Especially for them, the titles of Arabic publications and periodicals have been rendered into German and emphasized in blue. Those researchers who do not speak German might still prefer the first edition of the bibliography, which does not include the German translations and therefore can be handled more easily. The author apologizes for the inconveniences caused by the different German and English transliteration systems for the Arabic language. Yet, for those who are already familiar with the English transliteration of Arabic, the German system should be no real obstacle
Jahrzehnt der Neuordnung 1890-1901. Die Reform des technischen und allgemeinen Bildungssystems in Deutschland. Berufspädagogische Anmerkungen zu einem bildungshistorisch \u27disparaten\u27 Forschungsfeld
No full textAusgehend von den Reformen des Bildungs- und Erziehungssystems im letzten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts legt der Beitrag eine bildungshistorische Bestandsaufnahme am Übergang vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert unter Einbeziehung der institutionalisierten \u27Fachbildung\u27 vor. Die institutionelle Dynamik des gesamten Bildungssystems in Deutschland, aber auch die spezifischen politischen Kampagnen stehen im Zentrum der Studie. Sie leistet aus berufspädagogischer Perspektive einen Beitrag sowohl zur Erweiterung des Forschungshorizonts, indem sie Desiderata aufzeigt und die \u27realistische Bildung\u27 resp. die Institutionen technischer Bildung (\u27System Beruflicher Bildung\u27) in den Blick nimmt, als auch methodologische Überlegungen der Bildungssystementwicklung zur Diskussion stellt. (DIPF/Orig.)Starting with the reforms of the educational system during the last third of the 19th century, the author presents an educational-historical stocktaking at the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, taking into account institutionalized professional education. The institutional dynamics of the entire educational system in Germany, but also the specific political campaigns form the focus of the study. From the perspective of vocational education, it contributes to a broadening of research approaches by pointing out desiderata, by taking into account "realistic education", i.e. the institutions of technical education ("system of vocational training"), and by introducing methodological considerations regarding the development of the educational system into the discussion. (DIPF/Orig.
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