308,396 research outputs found
A cross sectional study of the prevalence, risk factors and population attributable fractions for limb and body lesions in lactating sows on commercial farms in England
No full textBackground: Lesions on sows' limbs and bodies are an abnormality that might impact on their welfare. The prevalence of and risks for limb and body lesions on lactating sows on commercial English pig farms were investigated using direct observation of the sows and their housing.
Results: The prevalence of lesions on the limbs and body were 93% (260/279) and 20% (57/288) respectively. The prevalence of limb and body lesions was significantly lower in outdoor-housed sows compared with indoor-housed sows. Indoor-housed sows had an increased risk of wounds (OR 6.8), calluses (OR 8.8) and capped hock (OR 3.8) on their limbs when housed on fully slatted floors compared with solid concrete floors. In addition, there was an increased risk of bursitis (OR 2.7), capped hock (OR 2.3) and shoulder lesions (OR 4.8) in sows that were unwilling to rise to their feet. There was a decreased risk of shoulder lesions (OR 0.3) and lesions elsewhere on the body (OR 0.2) in sows with more than 20 cm between their tail and the back of the crate compared with sows with less than 10 cm.
Conclusion: The sample of outdoor housed sows in this study had the lowest prevalence of limb and body lesions. In lactating sows housed indoors there was a general trend for an increased risk of limb and body lesions in sows housed on slatted floors compared with those housed on solid concrete floors with bedding. Sows that were less responsive to human presence and sows that had the least space to move within their crates had an additional increased risk of lesions
Agricola-Mitteilungsblatt I/2000
No full textMitteilungsblatt der Agricola - Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Kultur- und Naturgeschichte Region Schwarze Laber - Tangrintel e. V.; darin u. a.: Glassl, Robert: Das Rieskrater-Museum in Nördlingen; Hock, Fritz: Vom Mühlwagen zum Mähdrescher - Ein kurzer technikgeschichtlicher Überblick
Agricola-Mitteilungsblatt I/1999
No full textMitteilungsblatt der Agricola - Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Kultur- und Naturgeschichte Region Schwarze Laber - Tangrintel e. V.; darin u. a.: Hock, Fritz: Auf den Spuren Dorotheas von Laber - Gräfin zu Pappenheim; Thaler, Richard: Mühlen an der Schwarzen Laber - ein technikgeschichtlicher Überblic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sistem E-DJ Player / Wong Hock Lin
No full textSistem E-DJ Player merupakan satu perisian untuk memainkan muzik dengan melalui komputer. Sistem ini bukan sahaja untuk mendengar lagu, ia juga dapat menkategorikan lagu berdasarkan jenis penyanyi, jenis album dan jenis audio. Selain itu, sistem ini juga dapat melakukan equalizer supaya pengguna boleh menyelara kualiti bunyai yang disukai. Berbanding dengan sistem sedia ada seperti Winamp,Windows Media Player, Cowon Jet-Audio dan sebagainya, system E-DJ Player dapat melaksanakan gabungan fungsi yang terdapat pada sistem ada. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk pembangunan sistem yang akan dibangun adalah model Air Terjun dan model Prototaip. Model ini membenarkan pembangun menilai sebehagian dari aspek sistem yang dicadang pada fasa awal. Perisian yang digunakan dalam pembangunan Sistem E-DJ Player adalah seperti Borland Jbuilder, Adobe Photoshop digunakan untuk mengedit gambar dan Microsoft Visio Profesional digunakan untuk membina Rajah Aliran Data (DFD). Microsoft SQL Server 2000 digunakan untuk mengurus pengkalan data. Beberapa kaedah penyelidikan digunakan untuk mendapatt keperluan-keperluan sistem. Ini termasuk borang selidik, pemerhatoam, melalui Internet, perbincangan dan lain-lain. Seterusnya, rekabentuk sistem dikaji dengan melibatkan tiga jenis rekabentuk iaitu senibina aplikasi, seni bina pengkalan data dan senibina antara muka. Sebagai kesimpulan, Sistem E-DJ Plyer dibangunkan dapat menghiburkan pengguna dan memberi perasaan selesa kepada pengguna secara tidak langsung
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Tandem Hock and Friedel-Crafts reactions allowing an expedient synthesis of a cyclolignan-type scaffold
No full textThe Hock cleavage is an acid-catalyzed oxydative reaction involving allylic or benzylic hydroperoxides. Since it generates an electrophilic oxocarbenium species, it could be used in tandem processes in the presence of nucleophiles. Here, starting from benzyl(prenyl)malonate substrates, the prenyl moiety was first photooxygenated. The resulting hydroperoxide was directly engaged in a Hock cleavage by adding a Lewis acid in presence of an aromatic nucleophile to promote tandem Friedel-Crafts reactions, also involving the benzyl moiety of the substrate. This tandem sequence led in one pot to 1-aryltetraline products reminiscent of the cyclolignan natural product skeleton
Risk Of Incidence Of Hock Burn And Pododermatitis In Broilers Reared Under Commercial Conditions
No full textThe most common lesions observed in commercial broiler farms are hock burns and pododermatitis, defined as necrotic lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads and in the hock of growing broilers, causing pain and compromising broiler welfare. The present study aimed at identifying the risks of hock burns and pododermatitis in broilers reared under commercial conditions on new or reused litter. Twenty-four 40-d-old broilers reared in two houses in a commercial broiler farm. The plantar surface of the footpads and the hocks of broiler were recorded using infrared thermal images. The incidence of hock burns in broilers reared on new litter was 0.72 times lower than those on reused litter. Broilers reared on new litter presented lower risk (0.75, RR<1) of presenting pododermatitis when compared to those reared on reused litter. When simulating the risk using a larger sample, the simulated risk of broilers presenting footpad and hock lesions when reared on new litter was 38% higher those reared on reused litter.19335736
A descriptive review of the prevalence and risk factors of hock lesions in dairy cows
No full textThis article reviews the literature on hock lesions in dairy cattle, focusing in particular on their prevalence and associated clinical signs, as well as the scoring systems used to assess them and the data on risk factors. This analysis was limited to hock lesions where there was inflammation and damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue only without involvement of the joint. The presence of hock lesions, or tarsal peri-arthritis, is strongly related to time spent lying on abrasive surfaces, prolonged high local pressure or friction of the hock on hard surfaces, and collisions of the hock with cubicle fittings. Since hocks have almost no fatty tissue or muscles between the bones and skin, there is no protection against these types of trauma and skin damage occurs (resulting in hock lesions). The risk of these lesions becoming infected is strongly dependent on the hygiene of the lying area. The prevalence of hock lesions in dairy cows is generally reported as high (>50%). As hock lesions are often correlated with lameness, they are associated with economic losses and impaired welfare, as well as negative societal perception of the dairy sector. Alterations in cubicle characteristics, bedding material, pasture access and lameness prevention may all lower the prevalence of hock lesions; nevertheless, the actual relationship between housing design and other cow- and management-related risk factors on the occurrence of hock lesions appears to be complex and interrelated
Agricola-Mitteilungsblatt I/2013
No full textMitteilungsblatt der Agricola-Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Kultur- und Naturgeschichte Region Schwarze Laber - Tangrintel e.V.; darin u. a.: Olav, Ernst: Von den drei steinernen Jungfrauen zum Osterfelsen; Hock, Friedrich: Ein Verkehrschild aus alten Zeite
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