11,089 research outputs found
Willingness to Pay for the Preservation of Lo Go - Xa Mat National Park in Vietnam
No full textLo Go - Xa Mat National Park has great value in terms of biodiversity but preserving the park is a great challenge for the Vietnamese government. This study estimated the willingness to pay of households to preserve Lo Go - Xa Mat National Park, using the contingent valuation method. We employed the single-bounded dichotomous choice question format to estimate how much households in Ho Chi Minh City were willing to contribute towards a preservation plan for the park. This plan comprised twelve preservation activities and compensating the local communities for their foregone income. The study found that households in Ho Chi Minh City were willing to pay at least VND 6,209 per month for three years for the preservation of Lo Go - Xa Mat National Park. With protest votes included, factors strongly affecting households' willingness to pay were bid amount and the amount of their monthly electricity bill. The education level of the respondents and the number of working people in the household had significant but lesser impact on their willingness to pay. Without protest votes, the bid amount, monthly electricity bill amount and education level of respondents significantly affected willingness to pay. We found that the annualized benefit value of the project was larger than its annualized cost. This indicated that the preservation plan was economically viable. This study does not provide the total value of Lo Go - Xa Mat National Park, but it shows the great value of the park in terms of local households' willingness to pay for its preservation and this is important information for policy-makers in deciding how to protect the park efficiently.willingness to pay, Vietnam
Distributive concerns when replacing a pay-as-you-go system with a fully funded system
No full textThe author uses a simulation model to quantify the impact on income distribution of having a neutral social security program that is fully funded replace a progressive social security program that redistributes income toward the poor but is financed by a pay-as-you-go method. He finds that if the original pay-as-you-go system is large enough to yield an income replacement rate of at least 40 percent for the middle class and 200 percent for the poor, then the proposed change helps the poor in the long run, so long as public debt does not increase by more than 40 percent of GDP during the transition. Such a reform allows an increase in the capital stock per worker, so in the long run the poor benefit more through higher real wages than they lose because progressive redistribution has ended. In the short run, however, a compensatory program is needed because the poor lose their subsidy before receiving the long-term benefit. In most cases, the 40 percent of GDP available from the increase in public debt is enough to finance a transfer program that compensates the poor in the"short"run (the first 50 years). The author concludes that concern about the welfare of the poor is unwarranted, in both the short and long runs, if the compensatory program is implemented.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Safety Nets and Transfers,Services&Transfers to Poor,Rural Poverty Reduction
A Tour of the Domestic Space with Do Ho Suh. Keeping Alive the Memories Despite Everything
No full textPor medio de las instalaciones de Do Ho Suh, en las que el artista recrea las casas en las que ha vivido, reflexionamos sobre el espacio doméstico. Recorriendo cada una de sus habitaciones y observando sus objetos y sus marcas, atravesamos también su memoria, rememorando cada detalle de la nuestra. Pensando en la parte material y el marco artístico que envuelve las piezas, se profundiza en el carácter inmaterial de nuestros hogares y en la serie de problemáticas que contienen. Queremos pensar en el hogar como un refugio protector, pero no siempre es así. Los hogares de Suh se componen de finas veladuras, de una serie de capas que se superponen con múltiples lecturas sobre el espacio que habitamos y, con ello, sobre nosotros mismos.Through Do Ho Suh’s installations, in which the artist recreates the houses where he has lived, we reflect on the domestic space. Touring each of its rooms and observing its objects and its marks, we also pierce his memory, remembering every detail of ours. Thinking on the material part and the artistic framework that envelops the pieces, we go deeper into the immaterial that embraces our homes and move forward through a series of problems that we find around them. We want to think about home as a protective refuge, but this is not always the case. Suh’s homes are made up of thin glazes, of a series of layers that overlap with multiple readings about the space we inhabit and, with it, about ourselves.Este artículo ha sido posible gracias a la participación en el Proyecto de I+D+i MICIU (2019-2021) “Estéticas híbridas de la imagen en movimiento. Videoarte español y dinámicas identitarias en el mapa global” (EShID), Ref.: PGC2018-095875-B-100, dirigido por la Dra. Ana Martínez-Collado, trabajando parte de sus temáticas. Web: https://aresvisuals.net
Existencia y unicidad de soluciones para ecuaciones del tipo curvatura media prescripta
No full textEn este trabajo se estudia el problema de Dirichlet asociado a la ecuación de curvatura media prescripta, obteniéndose resultados de existencia y unicidad local y global, tanto para el caso general como para el caso no paramétrico, bajo diversas condiciones sobre la curvatura media H y el dato de borde g. Se demuestra también que si H y g son funciones suaves, las soluciones son clásicas. Por otra parte, se prueba en ambos casos que si existe alguna solución para ciertas Ho y go , entonces también existe solución para H y g cercanas a Ho y go . También se estudian algunos casos de ecuaciones semilineales de la forma X’ = F(t,X) con dato de borde X(O) = g(X(a)), para las cuales se obtienen resultados de existencia y unicidad bajo ciertas condiciones para las funciones continuas F y g. Para el caso periódico (g = I), se dan criterios de existencia de soluciones, y un resultado de unicidad
Galleria mellonella (L.) (Pyralidae) und Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Noctuidae): Wirkungsunterschiede zwischen XenTari® (Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai), NeemAzal T/S® und ihren Kombinationen
No full textBoth, G. mellonella and S. exigua, are most important pests in tropical countries. G. mellonella has five to six generations per year (Abid et al. 1997; Ali 1996), there, and feeding in bee combs they find, besides wax, residues of honey, insect skin and pollen (Hachiro & Knox 2000). Li et al. (1987) have shown the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai against G. mellonella. It is registered in the EU as Mellonex for its control, but NeemAzal T/S may also be active, and will have some advantages (Leymann et al. 2000, Melathopoulos et al. 2000). Therefore we conducted new studies here, on the results we shall report. S. exigua is an important polyphagous pest of crops in tropical areas (Brown & Dewhurst 1975). By repeated control with synthetic insecticides, especially by illiterate farmers (Armes et al. 1992; Aggarwal et al. 2006a) resistance to a lot of those insecticides has been built up, making plant protection very difficult. Therefore the need is pronounced for microbial and botanical pesticides (Nagarkatti 1982; Rao et al. 1990), which have different modes of action than synthetic insecticides. Aggarwal et al. (2006b) have started to test such ingredients, but the time of observation was too short (3 days), since the effects of Neem products occur later than those of synthetic insecticides (Basedow et al. 2002). So we conducted new, longer lasting experiments (with 5 to 30 days), on which we give a report here. The experiments were conducted during guest stays of the three co-authors (from Mymensingh, Bangladesh, from Nazreth, Ethiopia, and from Khartoum, Sudan) at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology at Giessen Univerity.Im Labor wurden die Larven mit trockenem Futter versorgt, das vorher für 20 Sek. in die Testlösung getaucht war. Die Testlösungen, auch in der Kontrolle, wurden mit dem anionischen Detergens Triton X 100 versetzt (10%, davon 0.1 ml). XenTari wurde mit 0.5, 1 und 2 mg/l getestet, NeemAzal mit 2, 4 und 8 mg/l. Bei G. mellonella war die höchste korrigierte Mortalität bei XenTari nach 4 Wochen 77%, bei NeemAzal T/S 100%. So wird letzteres empfohlen. Bei Spodoptera exigua im zweiten Larvenstadium bewirkte XenTari nach 3 Wochen eine maximale Wirkung von 95.6%, während NeemAzal T/S bereits nach 7 Tagen 100% erreichte. Im vierten Larvenstadium erreichte NeemAzal TS eine Mortalität von 46%. Wurden aber beide Präparate bei halber Dosis nacheinander appliziert, war die Wirkung nach 5 Tagen 73% (XenTari zuerst) bzw. 98.8% (NeemAzal T/S zuerst). Letztere Kombination wird für den Bauwollanbau in den Tropen empfohlen, um durch deren Zwischenschaltung die Resistenzbildung gegenüber synthetischen Insektiziden zu vermindern
Rumbo a peor. Beckett y la narración
No full textThis article focuses on the place Worstward Ho has in the artistic and philosophical project of Samuel Beckett. Seeing as Beckett strives for the acknowledgement that the only worthy aspiration is that of pure language which seeks to present the unrepresentable, Worstward Ho puts pure language in a realm that is disconnected from cultural and linguistic problems. When we consider Worstward Ho to be the book of “on” we can see it as the ultimate affirmation of Beckett’s philosophical impetus to go on through affirmation and negation towards that final truth where the affirmation/ negation dialectic breaks down and leads to where the possibility of the real is asserted in the unlessenable least, the word that cannot be presented. Perceptions fail because they are impermanent and unstable, whereas words divorced from them go on towards their true state. In this manner, Beckett locates his works in the fictional dimension of pure language.Este artículo se enfoca en el lugar que ocupa Rumbo a peor en el proyecto artístico y filosófico de Samuel Beckett. En tanto Beckett aboga por el reconocimiento del lenguaje puro que intenta representar lo irrepresentable como la única aspiración digna, Rumbo a peor ubica el lenguaje puro en un reino desconectado de los conflictos lingüísticos y culturales. En este sentido, considerar a Rumbo a peor el libro del adelante podría confirmarlo como la última afirmación del ímpetu filosófico de Beckett de seguir adelante por medio de afirmaciones y negaciones hasta llegar a esa verdad última donde la dialéctica afirmación/negación deja de funcionar y nos guía hacia el lugar donde la posibilidad de lo real se afirma en el mínimo inminimizable, la palabra que no puede ser representada. En tanto las percepciones fracasan por ser impermanentes e inestables, las palabras divorciadas de las percepciones siguen adelante hacia su estado verdadero. Así, Beckett ubica sus obras en la dimensión ficcional del lenguaje puro
Well-known trade mark protection: confusion in EU and Japan
No full textIn this thesis concerning the protection of well-known trade marks against confusion in the European Community Trade Mark (CTM) and Japanese trademark systems, the author critically considers the difficulties in comprehensively defining ‘well-known trade mark’ in the relevant international trade mark instruments. After critical analysis of various definitions of both ‘trade mark’ and ‘well-known trade mark’, she undertakes a comparison of the definitions of the parallel concepts of ‘trade mark of repute’ and ‘syuchi-syohyo’, and also undertakes an assessment as to the extent to which these trade marks are protected against confusion and kondo in the CTM and Japanese systems, respectively. It is concluded that the protection of well- known trade marks against confusion in the CTM and Japan cannot be said to be completely clear, and the author identifies some areas for legal refor
Existence and uniqueness of the solutions of equations of prescribed mean curvature type
No full textEn este trabajo se estudia el problema de Dirichlet asociado a la ecuación de curvatura media prescripta, obteniéndose resultados de existencia y unicidad local y global, tanto para el caso general como para el caso no paramétrico, bajo diversas condiciones sobre la curvatura media H y el dato de borde g. Se demuestra también que si H y g son funciones suaves, las soluciones son clásicas. Por otra parte, se prueba en ambos casos que si existe alguna solución para ciertas Ho y go , entonces también existe solución para H y g cercanas a Ho y go . También se estudian algunos casos de ecuaciones semilineales de la forma X’ = F(t,X) con dato de borde X(O) = g(X(a)), para las cuales se obtienen resultados de existencia y unicidad bajo ciertas condiciones para las funciones continuas F y g. Para el caso periódico (g = I), se dan criterios de existencia de soluciones, y un resultado de unicidad.In this work we study the Dirichlet problem associated to the prescribed mean curvature equation. We obtain existence and local and global uniqueness for the general and the nonparametric case under different conditions on the mean curvature H and the boundary data g. We also prove that if H and g are smooth, solutions are classic. Moreover, we prove in both cases that if there is a solution for some Ho and go , then there exists also a solution for H and g close to Ho and go. We also study some semilinear equations of the type X’ = F(t,X) with boundary data X(0) = g(X(a)) , for which we obtain existence and uniqueness results under some conditions on the continuous functions F and g. For the periodic case (g = I), we give some criteria for the existence of solutions, and an uniqueness result.Fil:Amster, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Human gut microbiota Agathobaculum butyriciproducens improves cognitive impairment in LPS-induced and APP/PS1 mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
No full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and is characterized by the accumulation and presence of amyloid plaques (Aβ), tangles, dementia, and cognitive impairment. Currently, there is no known cure for AD; however, recently, the association between alteration of the gut microbiota and AD pathology has been explored to find novel therapeutic approaches. Microbiota-targeted intervention has been suggested as an attractive therapeutic approach for AD. Agathobaculum butyriciproducens (SR79) is a strict anaerobic and butyric acid-producing bacteria. We hypothesized that administration of SR79 might have a beneficial effect on cognitive deficits and AD pathologies. To determine the therapeutic effects of SR79 on AD pathologies, APP/PS1 transgenic and lipopolysaccharide -induced cognitive impairment mouse models were used. In the lipopolysaccharide -induced cognitive deficit model, the administration of SR79 improved cognitive function and decreased microglia activation. In addition, the administration of SR79 to APP/PS1 mice significantly improved novel object recognition and percent alteration results in novel object recognition and Y-maze alteration tests. Furthermore, Aβ plaque deposition and microglial activation were markedly reduced in the parietal cortex and hippocampus after SR79 treatment in APP/PS1 mice. SR79 treatment significantly decreased gene expression levels of IL-1β and C1QB and increased the gene expression levels of IGF-1 and thereby the downstream signaling pathway in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, SR79 administration improved cognitive function and AD pathologies through the regulation of neuroinflammation and IGF-1 signaling in an animal model.
La influencia de Albert Einstein en Karl Popper y Gaston Bachelard
No full textEl pensamiento de Albert Einstein así como sus aportes al desarrollo de la ciencia han sido cruciales no sólo en la ciencia sino también en la filosofía del siglo XX. En el presente trabajo se examinan las fuentes del pensamiento de Einstein, que abarcan desde la literatura hasta la filosofía, entre los cuales se mencionan autores como Spinoza, Hume y Mach. Posteriormente se analiza la influencia de Einstein en dos filósofos: Karl Popper y Gaston Bachelard, el primero en cuanto acepta su posición realista, sus procedimientos inductivos y su actitud crítica frente al trabajo científico: y el segundo en cuanto Einstein le sirve como ejemplo de las dificultades para la aceptación de ideas novedosas en el conocimiento.Palabras clave: ciencia, teoría de la relatividad, realismo, falsacionismo, obstáculo epistemológico. Abstract: Albert Einstein's thought and his contributions to the development of science, have been very important not only to science but also to twentieth century philosophy. In this paper the author examines the sources of Einstein's thought, that go from literature to philosophy, including authors such as Spinoza, Hume and Mach. After that, the author analizes the influence of Einstein on two philosophers: Karl Popper and Gaston Bachelard, the first, because he shares with Einstein his realism, his inductive methods and his critical position toward scientific work, and the second author, because Einstein is a good example of the dificulties that arise when there are new ideas in knowledge. Key Words: Science, theory of relativity, rea1ism, falsibility, epistemological obstacle.
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