1,720,956 research outputs found
Le Clone 8, un anticorps monoclonal dirigé contre le CD154 humain, reconnait et inhibe le clivage du CD154 murin
Get PDFLe CD154 est une glycoprotéine transmembranaire de type 2, impliquée dans plusieurs maladies auto-immunes, telles que le lupus érythémateux systémique, la polyarthrite rhumatoïde, la sclérose en plaques. Il joue également un rôle central dans l’activation des cellules immunitaires, notamment dans le cancer. L’interaction du CD154 avec son récepteur principal le CD40, joue un rôle important dans plusieurs processus cellulaires, tels que la prolifération, la différenciation des cellules et le changement de classes d’immunoglobulines. Une altération de cette interaction peut entraîner un dysfonctionnement aboutissant à différentes maladies, tel que le syndrome d'hyper-IgM lié au chromosome X. Cette maladie représente des taux élevés des IgM contre des taux plus faibles d'IgA, d'IgE et d'IgG. Des études antérieures ont démontré qu’un CD154 membranaire, muté à son site de clivage et rendu non-clivable, induit une activation immunitaire accrue et une cytotoxicité élevée contre les cellules tumorales exprimant son récepteur, le CD40. Dans cette optique, notre laboratoire a développé un anticorps monoclonal, Clone 8, capable de reconnaître le CD154 humain et d’inhiber son clivage spontané et induit par le CD40. Dans le travail illustré ici, nous avons prouvé que le Clone 8 reconnaît et lie efficacement le CD154 murin, compte tenu que le site de clivage du CD154 humain et du CD154 murin sont 100% homologues. De même, nous avons montré la capacité du Clone 8 à bloquer le clivage spontané et induit du CD154 aussi bien dans un modèle in-vitro où la concentration du CD154 soluble a été dosée en présence et en absence du Clone 8, qu’ex-vivo en utilisant les cellules T provenant des souris transgéniques OT-II et qui comprennent majoritairement des cellules T CD4+. De plus, nos résultats, ont révélé les cellules spléniques OT-II comme un bon modèle ex-vivo pour l’évaluation ultérieure de l’effet biologique du Clone 8 sur la prolifération cellulaire. L’ensemble de ces résultats ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques visant à exploiter un CD154 stabilisé à la membrane pour optimiser l’activation immunitaire, notamment en immunothérapie du cancer.CD154 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein involved in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. It also plays a central role in immune cell activation, particularly in cancer. The interaction between CD154 and its main receptor, CD40, is crucial for various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell differenciation and immunoglobulin class switching. Disruptions in this interaction can lead to dysfunctions associated with different diseases, such as X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome, which is characterized by elevated IgM levels and lower levels of IgA, IgE, and IgG. Previous studies have demonstrated that a membrane-bound CD154, mutated at its cleavage site to prevent its cleavage, enhances immune activation and increases cytotoxicity against tumor cells expressing CD40. In this context, our laboratory has developed a monoclonal antibody, Clone 8, which specifically recognizes human CD154 and inhibits both spontaneous and CD40-induced cleavage. In the work illustrated here, we demonstrated that Clone 8 effectively recognizes and binds murine CD154, given that the cleavage site of human and murine CD154 represents 100% homology between both species. In addition, our data showed that Clone 8 is capable of blocking spontaneous and CD40-induced cleavage of CD154 both in an in-vitro model, where the concentration of soluble CD154 was assayed in the presence and absence of Clone 8, and in ex-vivo using T cells from transgenic mice, OT-II, which include predominantly CD4+ T cells. In addition, we have revealed splenocytes from OT-II mice as an efficient ex-vivo model for the ultimate evaluation of the effect of Clone 8 on specific biological responses such as cell proliferation. Taken together, these results pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aiming at exploiting a CD154 resistant to cleavage and maintained on cell surface for an optimal immune activation, notably in cancer immunotherapy
Failures count too: effect of the application of commercial inoculum of arbuscular fungi in a vineyard during its plantation
No full textSymbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has long been recognized for its positive impact on plant health. Today, various companies market AMF-based commercial inoculants as biofertilizers or biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. However, their consistent efficacy in real-world field settings remains uncertain. This study investigated the influence of a commercial AMF inoculant on a newly planted vineyard featuring a local grape cultivar grafted onto a common rootstock (‘Ritcher 110’). Over two years, the physiological well-being, growth, and productivity of 20 inoculated vines compared to 20 control counterparts were monitored. The impact of inoculation on soil bacterial diversity and the infectivity of soil was assessed. Notably, AMF-inoculated plants exhibited consistently lower values in photosynthesis, growth, and grape production, although statistical significance was not always reached. Additionally, the total production remained unaffected, but there was a significant decrease in °Brix and pH values, suggesting delayed grape ripening in mycorrhizal plants, potentially promoting secondary metabolites accumulation. Regarding soil effects, the inoculation's impact was slight, with no substantial changes in soil mycorrhizal infectivity and only slight shifts in the microbial community's metabolic profile. Numerous studies highlight the context-dependent nature of AMF inoculation's effects, making it challenging to predict outcomes in field conditions. Failures found in trials like the present one provides valuable scientific information, contributing to determine the prerequisites for effective biofertilizer use in commercial viticulture. Ultimately, the effectiveness of AMF-based biofertilizers remains contingent on specific conditions, exposing the need for additional research to ensure their consistent and reliable application
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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