112 research outputs found
Molecular Epidemiology for Vector Research on Leishmaniasis
No full textKato, Hirotomo; Gómez, Eduardo A.; Cáceres, Abraham G.; Uezato, Hiroshi; Mimori,
Tatsuyuki y Hashiguchi, Yoshihisa. Molecular Epidemiology for Vector Research on Leishmaniasis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [en línea]. 2010, 7, pp. 814-826. ISSN 1660-4601.Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease caused by the genus Leishmania transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies. Surveillance of the prevalence of Leishmania and responsive vector species in endemic and surrounding areas is important for predicting the risk and expansion of the disease. Molecular biological methods are now widely applied to epidemiological studies of infectious diseases including leishmaniasis. These techniques are used to detect natural infections of sand fly vectors with Leishmania protozoa and are becoming powerful tools due to their sensitivity and specificity. Recently, genetic analices have been performed on sand fly species and genotyping using PCR-RFLP has been applied to the sand fly taxonomy. In addition, a molecular mass screening method has been established that enables both sand fly species and natural leishmanial infections to be identified simultaneously in hundreds of sand flies with limited effort. This paper reviews recent advances in the study of sand flies, vectors of leishmaniasis, using molecular biological approaches
Are cytochrome b gene sequencing and polymorphism-specific polymerase chain reaction as reliable as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for identifying Leishmania spp. from Argentina?
Get PDFRecently, two techniques, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of cytochrome b gene (cyt b gene sequencing) and polymorphism-specific PCR (PS-PCR) were recommended for Leishmania species identification. Before this study, however, the accuracy of these methods had not been tested against the multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, the current gold standard technique on this task. Therefore, a trial was done for the first time to compare the results obtained by these techniques, using 17 Argentinean Leishmania stocks in independent assays. For all the stocks examined, the same results at species level were obtained by the three techniques. Among them, 14 were assigned to L. (Viannia) braziliensis, and three to L. (V.) guyanensis. The two techniques, cyt b gene sequencing and PS-PCR, were able to distinguish between all the proven species responsible for leishmaniases in Argentina. Thus, both techniques were validated and could be used independently for the species designation of Leishmania parasites in the country.Fil: Marco, Jorge Diego. Kochi University. Kochi Medical School; JapónFil: Uezato, Hiroshi. Universidad de Ryukyus. Okinawa; JapónFil: Mimori, Tatsuyuki. Universidad de Kumamoto; JapónFil: Barroso, Paola Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina. Kochi University. Kochi Medical School; JapónFil: Korenaga, Masataka. Kochi University. Kochi Medical School; JapónFil: Nonaka, Shigeo. Universidad de Ryukyus, Okinawa.; JapónFil: Basombrío, Miguel Ángel Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Taranto, Nestor Juan. Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales. Sede Regional Oran. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Hashiguchi, Yoshihisa. Kochi University. Kochi Medical School; Japó
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LEISHMANIA SPECIES WITHIN NATURALLY INFECTED SAND FLIES IN THE ANDEAN AREAS OF ECUADOR BY A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Get PDFThe surveillance of prevalent Leishmania and sand fly species in endemic areas is important for prediction of the risk and expansion of leishmaniasis. In this study, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for detection of Leishmania minicircle DNA within individual sand flies. Using this method, we detected minicircle DNA in 6 (3.3%) of 183 sand flies, while 5 (3.5%) of 143 were positive for Leishmania promastigotes in the same areas by microscopic examination. The species were identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana by nucleotide sequencing of the cytochrome b gene. Additionally, all the Leishmania-positive sand flies were identified as Lutzomyia ayacuchensis by the restriction enzyme digestion of the PCR-amplified 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragments. Since this combined method is relatively easy and can process a large number of samples, it will be a powerful tool for the rapid identification of prevalent sand fly and Leishmania species as well as monitoring the infection rate in sand fly populations in endemic areas.Fil: Kato, Hirotomo. Yamaguchi University; JapónFil: Uezato, Hiroshi. University of the Ryukyus; JapónFil: Katakura, Ken. Hokkaido University; JapónFil: Calvopina, Manuel. Kochi University. Kochi Medical School; JapónFil: Marco, Jorge Diego. Kochi University. Kochi Medical School; Japón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Barroso, Paola Andrea. Kochi University. Kochi Medical School; Japón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Eduardo. Universidad Católica de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Mimori, Tatsuyuki. Kumamoto University; JapónFil: Korenaga, Masataka. Kochi University. Kochi Medical School; JapónFil: Iwata, Hiroyuki. Yamaguchi University; JapónFil: Nonaka, Shigeo. University ok the Ryukyus; JapónFil: Hashiguchi, Yoshihisa. Kochi University. Kochi Medical School; Japó
[総説］Skin Injuries Due to Poisonous Snake Bites
Get PDFWe present an overall view of poisonous snake bites in Japan. In Main Land, Japan north of the Tokara Straits or Tose Line, poisonous snake bites by the Nihon mamusi (aspecies of a viper native to Main Land Japan), and Yamakagashi (tiger keelback) are of major clinical importance, whereas in the South-West Islands south of the Tokara Straits, serious problems occur due to the snake bites by the Habu (a pit viper native to the Ryukyu Islands). In Main Land Japan, approximately 10 mortality cases by the Nihon mamusi have been reported recently, whereas in Okinawa, no mortality cases due to the Habu bites have been observed. However, poisonous snake bites are still important diseases, and we should not disregard them even in our days of urbanization.論
Leishmania isoenzyme polymorphisms in Ecuador: Relationships with geographic distribution and clinical presentation
No full textBackground: Determinants of the clinical presentation of the leishmaniases are poorly understood but Leishmania species and strain differences are important. To examine the relationship between clinical presentation, species and isoenzyme polymorphisms, 56 Leishmania isolates from distinct presentations of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) from Ecuador were analyzed.
Methods: Isolates were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for polymorphisms of 11 isoenzymes. Patients were infected in four different ecologic regions: highland and lowland jungle of the Pacific coast, Amazonian lowlands and Andean highlands.
Results: Six Leishmania species constituting 21 zymodemes were identified: L. (Viannia) panamensis (21 isolates,
7 zymodemes), L. (V.) guyanensis (7 isolates, 4 zymodemes), L. (V.) braziliensis (5 isolates, 3 zymodemes), L.
(Leishmania) mexicana (11 isolates, 4 zymodemes), L. (L.) amazonensis (10 isolates, 2 zymodemes) and L. (L.) major
(2 isolates, 1 zymodeme). L. panamensis was the species most frequently identified in the Pacific region and was
associated with several clinical variants of cutaneous disease (CL); eight cases of leishmaniasis recidiva cutis (LRC) found in the Pacific highlands were associated with 3 zymodemes of this species. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
found only in the Amazonian focus was associated with 3 zymodemes of L. braziliensis. The papular variant of CL,
Uta, found in the Andean highlands was related predominantly with a single zymodeme of L. mexicana.
Conclusion: Our data show a high degree of phenotypic variation within species, and some evidence for associations between specific variants of ATL (i.e. Uta and LRC) and specific Leishmania zymodemes. This study
further defines the geographic distribution of Leishmania species and clinical variants of ATL in Ecuador
Genetic divergence in populations of Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, a vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Ecuador and Peru
Get PDFHaplotype and gene network analyses were performed on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b gene sequences of Lutzomyia (Lu.) ayacuchensis populations from Andean areas of Ecuador and southern Peru where the sand fly species transmit Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana and Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana, respectively, and populations from the northern Peruvian Andes, for which transmission of Leishmania by Lu. ayacuchensis has not been reported. The haplotype analyses showed higher intrapopulation genetic divergence in northern Peruvian Andes populations and less divergence in the southern Peru and Ecuador populations, suggesting that a population bottleneck occurred in the latter populations, but not in former ones. Importantly, both haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that populations from Ecuador consisted of clearly distinct clusters from southern Peru, and the two populations were separated from those of northern Peru. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Quick and Precise Position Control of Ultrasonic Motors Taking Account of Frictional Force Control.
No full textAdaptive Position Control of Ultrasonic Motors Using On-Line Parameter Identification with Variable Forgetting Factor Based on Fuzzy Reasoning
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