1,720,988 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Spin-resolved microscopy of strongly correlated fermionic many-body states
Full text linkMit ultrakalte Gasen in optischen Gittern lassen sich stark wechselwirkende Quantenvielteilchensysteme auf der Ebene einzelner Spins untersuchen. Diese Doktorarbeit fasst den Aufbau und die ersten Ergebnisse eines Quantengasmikroskops mit fermionischen Li-6 Atomen zusammen. Wir konnten erstmals antiferromagnetische Spinkorrelationen in Hubbard-Systemen beobachten und in eindimensionalen Systeme die Trennung von Ladungs- und Spinfreiheitsgraden mit Korrelationen nachweisen, die im thermischen Gleichgewicht gemessen wurden.
Die Grundlage für diese Experimente ist das Quantengasmikroskop, welches während der Doktorarbeit geplant und aufgebaut wurde. Die Bilder, die man damit nehmen kann, sind Momentaufnahmen eines Quantenvielteilchensystems, auf denen man alle Atome einzeln auf ihren jeweiligen Gitterplätzen erkennen kann. Wir produzieren ein ultrakaltes Quantengas mit Standardverfahren wie Laserkühlung, optischen Fallen und Verdunstungskühlung und laden es in eine einzelne Ebene eines dreidimensionalen optischen Gitters. Vor dem Abbilden wird jedes Atom entsprechend seines Spin mit einem Stern-Gerlach-Magnetfeld um einen halben Gitterplatz nach links oder rechts verschoben. Zur Abbildung der Atome messen wir die Fluoreszenz eines Raman-Seitenbandkühlprozesses, welcher in einem zusätzlichen sehr tiefen optischen Gitter abläuft, und können so 97% der Atome erfolgreich detektieren. Ein Kapitel dieser Arbeit widmet sich den Details dieses Prozesses und kann die verbliebenen Verluste durch eine Nichtgleichgewichtsverteilung der lokalen Anregungen erklären.
Die Messung der Dichteverteilung der stark wechelwirkenden Atome im inhomogenen Gitter erlaubt es die Zustandsgleichung des Fermi-Hubbard-Models zu bestimmen. Dabei beobachten wir die starke Unterdrückung der Kompressibilität in der Mott-Isolator-Phase. Mit unseren hochaufgelösten Bildern können wir auch die Dichtekorrelationen des Systems messen und so das Fluktuations-Dissipations-Theorem bestätigen, welches die Kompressibilität in Beziehung zu der Summe aller Dichtefluktuationen setzt.
Für eine Entropie pro Teilchen von weniger als log(2) kB zeigt der Mott-Isolator antiferromagnetische Spinkorrelationen aufgrund der Austauschwechselwirkung. In eindimensionalen Spinketten konnten wir diese magnetische Ordnung bis zu einer Distanz von vier Gitterplätzen direkt messen. Die Stärke der beobachteten Korrelationen stimmt sehr gut überein mit Quanten-Monte-Carlo-Rechnungen bei einer Temperatur von einem Achtel der Bandbreite, welches einer Entropie von 0.4 kB pro Atom entspricht. Für Spinketten mit weniger als einem Atom pro Gitterplatz sehen wir eine charakteristische Verschiebung der Spinkorrelationen zu größeren Wellenlängen, die der einer Luttinger Flüssigkeit entspricht.
Besonders interessante physikalische Phänomene treten auf, wenn man den Spinfreiheitsgrad mit der Bewegung der Atome koppelt. In eindimensionalen Systemen tritt hier die Spin-Ladungs-Trennung auf, die einem Loch eine freie Bewegung durch eine Spinkette ermöglicht. Allerdings scheint diese Delokalisierung zu einer Reduktionen der magnetischen Ordnung zu führen, da die Position der Teilchen nun fluktuiert. Normale Zweipunktkorrelatoren messen so kleinere Werte. Allerdings konnten wir zeigen, dass die Spins um einzelne Löcher herum primär antiparallel ausgerichtet sind und so nachweisen, dass die Spinordnung fast unabhängig vom Grad der Dotierung ist, wenn man die Lochposition mitberücksichtigt. Diese Messungen lassen sich als erster direkten Nachweis von Spin-Ladungs-Trennung durch Gleichgewichtskorrelationen interpretieren.
Diese Arbeit umfasst die ersten Messungen von Spin-Loch-Korrelationen mit ultrakalten Atomen und sie stellt damit einen wichtigen Schritt auf dem Weg zu Quantensimulationen dotierter Antiferromagneten dar, die einen Beitrag zum Verständnis von Hochtemperatursupraleitern leisten könnten.Ultracold fermionic atoms in optical lattices allows to simulate the behavior of electrons in strongly correlated materials. In this thesis, we demonstrate the preparation and site- and spin-resolved imaging of Hubbard systems with fermionic Li-6 atoms. We realize and measure strong antiferromagnetic spin correlations and study their amplitude for various temperatures, interactions and dopings. In one-dimensional systems we observe spin-charge separation signatures by measuring equilibrium correlations for spin and density.
The basis for these measurements is a quantum gas microscope for fermionic Li-6 atoms, which was built during this PhD thesis. It allows to take snapshots of the quantum many-body system with single-atom and single-site resolution. Using standard techniques of laser cooling, optical trapping, and evaporative cooling, ultracold Fermi gases are prepared and loaded into a single plane of a three-dimensional optical lattice of tunable geometry. The spin of each atom is converted to a spatial information via a local Stern-Gerlach splitting. The imaging is performed by collection of fluorescence light from Raman sideband cooling in an additional, deep optical lattice. A detailed analysis of this cooling process, which explains our imaging fidelity of 97% from the non-thermal distribution of excitations is presented.
A study of the density distribution of the strongly interacting atoms in the lattice allows to derive the equatioän of state of the Fermi-Hubbard model, which shows a strongly reduced compressibility in the Mott insulating regime. From the high-resolution images we can, in addition, extract all density correlations. This allows us to experimentally confirm the fluctuation-dissipation theorem linking the compressibility to the sum of all density fluctuations.
At entropies below log(2) kB per particle, antiferromagnetic correlations arise from exchange interactions in a Mott insulator. We directly observe magnetic correlations up to four sites in one-dimensional spin chains. The measured antiferromagnetic spin correlations agree well with quantum Monte-Carlo calculations at temperatures of 1/8 of the band width, which corresponds to an entropy per particle of only 0.4 kB. At fillings below one atom per site, we observe characteristic oscillations of the spin correlations vs density as predicted by Luttinger liquid theory.
Interesting physics arises when one couples the spin degree of freedom with the motion of the quantum particles. In one dimension, the phenomenon of spin-charge separation allows the holes to propagate through a spin chain without energy cost. Their motion, however, hides the magnetic order from local observables. Thanks to our simultaneous imaging of spins and holes, we can directly study the spin alignment around individual holes. We reveal spin correlations which are almost fully independent of the degree of hole doping with string spin-density correlation functions. These measurement are the first experimental observation of spin-charge separation in equilibrium correlation measurements.
This work demonstrates the experimental study of doped quantum magnetism with individual spin resolution and paves the way for quantum simulations of doped two-dimensional antiferromagnets relevant to high temperature superconductivity
- …
