1,721,178 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Psychopathology of the Binge Eating Disorder in Childhood - Psychosocial Risk Factors and Maintenance Factors
No full textZiel der vorliegenden publikationsbasierten Dissertation war es, einen Beitrag zu leisten zur Klärung potentieller Risikofaktoren und aufrechterhaltender Bedingungen der „Binge-Eating“-Störung im Kindesalter.
Bei Erwachsenen konnten eine Reihe psychosozialer Risikofaktoren der „Binge-Eating“-Störung bestimmt werden. Auch Jugendliche berichten von Diäterfahrungen vor ersten Essan-fällen. Außerdem scheint Emotionsregulation eine wichtige Rolle in der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Essanfällen zu spielen. Weitere Studien deuten darauf hin, dass Auffäl-ligkeiten in der Eltern-Kind-Interaktion mit gestörtem Essverhalten assoziiert sein können. Eine Untersuchung dieser Faktoren bei Kindern mit Essanfällen liegt bislang nicht vor.
An einer Stichprobe von 60 Kindern mit mindestens einem Essanfall während der letzten drei Monate und 60 Kindern ohne Essanfälle (individuell gematcht hinsichtlich Geschlecht, Alter, Perzentile des Body-Mass-Index, Schulform des Kindes und Bildungsstand der Mutter) wurden verschiedene Hypothesen getestet.
Zunächst wurde geprüft, ob sich Kinder mit und ohne Essanfälle hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeit zur Emotionsregulation unterscheiden. Kinder mit Essanfällen gaben im Fragebogen an, häufiger maladaptive Regulationsstrategien, besonders bei Angst, aber auch bei Wut zu verwenden als Kinder ohne Essanfälle. Keine Unterschiede zeigten sich allerdings bei der Regulation von Traurigkeit und in der Häufigkeit adaptiver Strategien.
Als nächstes wurden psychosoziale Risikofaktoren von Essanfällen mittels Interview erfragt. Es zeigte sich, dass Kinder vor dem Beginn erster Essanfälle einer Reihe diätbezogener Risikofak-toren, aber auch familiärer Probleme ausgesetzt waren. Zusätzlich erlebten sie in dem Jahr vor ersten Essanfällen mehr kritische Lebensereignisse als Kinder ohne Essanfälle. Als Prädiktoren von Essanfällen stellten sich folgende retrospektiven Korrelate heraus: geringe elterliche An-teilnahme, kritische Kommentare der Familie zu Figur, Gewicht und Essverhalten des Kindes und das kritische Lebensereignis Schulwechsel.
Das dritte Anliegen bestand in einer Untersuchung der Familien-Interaktion während einer Abendmahlzeit in der naturalistischen Umgebung. Bei Familien von Kindern mit Essanfällen ließen sich gestörte Kommunikationsmuster, maladaptive elterliche Anteilnahme und ein insgesamt negatives Funktionsniveau beobachten. Hinsichtlich kritischer Kommentare, Auffor-derungen zu essen oder Restriktion ließen sich jedoch keine Unterschiede finden.
Insgesamt konnten in dieser querschnittlichen Studie wichtige Korrelate von Essanfällen im Kindesalter nachgewiesen werden. Eine Reihe diätbezogener Faktoren, elterliche Probleme und kritische Lebensereignisse scheinen vor dem Beginn von Essanfällen vorhanden zu sein und müssten in prospektiven Studien als Risikofaktoren bestätigt werden. Essanfälle gehen mit Defiziten in der Emotionsregulation einher sowie mit maladaptiven Verhaltensmerkmalen während Mahlzeiten in den Familien. In Prävention und Intervention sollten daher Trainings-verfahren zur Emotionsregulation und Informationen zu Diätrisiken berücksichtigt werden, wobei auch die Eltern zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation und Stärkung der Anteilnahme zu integrieren wären.This dissertation contributes to the clarification of binge eating symptomatology in school aged children. Moreover, correlates of loss of control (LOC) over eating were examined, which may serve as putative risk and maintenance factors.
Research on adults suggest a number of general and disorder specific psychosocial risk factors for binge eating disorder. Youth report dieting experiences prior to first binge eating. Further studies indicate that emotion regulation has an impact on the development and maintenance of binge eating and that problematic family functioning is associated with disordered eating in childhood. It remains unclear how these factors are associated with LOC eating in children.
The sample consisted of 60 children with at least one LOC during the past three months and 60 children without LOC (individually matched for sex, age, percentile of BMI, school, socioeco-nomic status of mother) aged 8-13 years recruited from the community.
First, we investigated if children with and without LOC differ in regard to emotion regulation skills. In a self-report questionnaire children with LOC eating reported more maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than children without, especially for the regulation of anxiety and anger. Yet, no group differences were found for the regulation of sadness and in the amount of adaptive strategies.
Next, psychosocial risk factors of LOC eating were assessed in a case-control study using an established risk factor interview adapted for children. Children with LOC eating reported a higher number of dieting related risk factors and parental problems before the onset of first LOC eating episodes. Furthermore, they were exposed to more critical life events in the year prior to first LOC episodes than children without LOC eating. The following retrospective corre-lates predicted LOC eating: parental underinvolvement, critical comments on shape, weight or eating by the family and the critical life event of change of school.
Finally, we examined if families with a child with LOC eating engaged in more maladaptive behaviours during family mealtimes than controls. Results showed more maladaptive commu-nication, affective involvement and a negative overall family functioning in families of LOC eating children. No goup differences were observed for critical comments on shape, weight or eating, encouragements to eating or restriction. Although no LOC eating child reported a loss of control during the mealtime, they eat faster than controls.
Overall, this cross-sectional studies detected important correlates of LOC eating in children. Dieting-related risk factors, parental problems, and critical life events seem to be prevalent before the onset of first LOC eating episodes, which needs further validation in future prospec-tive studies. LOC eating goes along with deficts in emotion regulation as well as maladaptive family interaction during mealtimes. Therefore, prevention and intervention for LOC eating children should comprise trainings on emotion regulation and information on dieting risks in which parents should be integrated for a communication training and improvement of parental involvement
Binge-Eating Disorder: Underlying Processes and Psychotherapeutic Process
No full textProspektive und retrospektive Studien belegen einen geringen expliziten Selbstwert und häufige explizite gewichtsbezogene Stigmatisierung im Zusammenhang mit der Binge-Eating-Störung (BES). Im Gegensatz dazu fehlen bisher Untersuchungen des impliziten Selbstwerts und der impliziten gewichtsbezogenen Stigmatisierung bei der BES. Zur Behandlung der Essstörung liegen Empfehlungen aus (inter)nationalen Behandlungsleitlinien vor, während zum Einfluss des Psychotherapieprozesses wenig bekannt ist.
Die vorliegende Dissertation gliedert sich in zwei Teile, um den Forschungsstand zu Grundlagen und zum Psychotherapieprozess bei der BES zu erweitern. Die Daten zweier Studien wurden dabei an einer bevölkerungsbasierten Stichprobe (Grundlagen) und in einer multizentrischen Behandlungsstudie (Psychotherapieprozess) erhoben. Für zwei Übersichtsarbeiten erfolgte eine systematische Literatursuche (Psychotherapieprozess).
Es zeigten sich bedeutsame Einschränkungen bei adipösen Probanden mit BES im expliziten wie auch impliziten Selbstwert und der gewichtsbezogenen Stigmatisierung im Vergleich zu adipösen und gesunden, normalgewichtigen Kontrollprobanden. Direkte und indirekte Messungen wiesen kaum Zusammenhänge auf. Darüber hinaus sagten der explizite und der implizite Selbstwert das Ausmaß der globalen Essstörungspsychopathologie vorher.
In den Übersichtsarbeiten konnte ein Einfluss verschiedenster Aspekte des Psychotherapieprozesses auf die Therapieergebnisse für verschiedene Behandlungen und Essstörungen (inklusive BES) bestätigt werden. Jedoch zeigte sich, dass einige Prozessaspekte kaum erforscht waren und nur wenige Studien parallel mehrere Prozessaspekte untersuchten. In der Studie zum Prozessaspekt der therapeutischen Adhärenz (Manualtreue des Therapeuten) in der Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie der BES wurde ein neues Instrument mit guten psychometrischen Kennwerten entwickelt. Ein hohes Ausmaß der Adhärenz wurde nachgewiesen. Weiterhin fanden sich bedeutsame Zusammenhänge zur therapeutischen Allianz sowie zu verschiedenen Patienten- und Therapeutenmerkmalen.
Die Ergebnisse zum impliziten Selbstwert und zur gewichtsbezogenen Stigmatisierung erweitern das Wissen zu Entstehungs- und Aufrechterhaltungsfaktoren der BES. Der aktuelle Stand der Prozess-Ergebnis-Forschung konnte zusammengefasst werden und erlaubt nun die Ableitung von Forschungs- sowie klinischen Implikationen. Der Nachweis einer guten therapeutischen Adhärenz gilt als wichtige Voraussetzung für die Auswertung der multizentrischen Behandlungsstudie.Prospective and retrospective studies established low explicit self-esteem and high explicit experiences of weight bias as factors associated with binge-eating disorder (BED). In contrast, studies investigating implicit self-esteem and implicit weight bias are lacking. Regarding the treatment of BED, recommendations of (inter)national guidelines are available while less is known about the impact of the psychotherapeutic process.
The present thesis consists of two larger parts to extend the current research on the development/maintenance and the psychotherapeutic process of BED. Data for two studies were gathered in a population-based sample (development/maintenance) and a large multi-center treatment study (psychotherapeutic process). A systematic literature search was conducted for two systematic reviews (psychotherapeutic process).
Significant impairments in explicit as well as implicit self-esteem and weight bias in obese participants with BED were found compared to obese only and normal weight/healthy controls. Implicit and explicit measures were not correlated. Further, explicit and implicit self-esteem emerged as a significant predictor of the global eating disorder psychopathology.
Regarding the systematic reviews, impacts of several aspects of the psychotherapeutic process on treatment outcomes for various psychological treatments across all eating disorders (including BED) were found. However, some process aspects were rarely investigated and only few studies analysed several process aspects simultaneously. A new measure to assess the process aspect of therapeutic adherence (allegiance to the manual) within cognitive-behavioral therapy for BED was developed in a second study. Good psychometric properties were established. Overall, high levels of adherence were found. Furthermore, significant associations with therapeutic alliance, patient and therapist characteristics emerged.
The findings regarding the implicit self-esteem and weight bias extend the knowledge about developmental and maintenance factors in BED. The findings regarding the psychotherapeutic process summarized the current process-outcome-research. Based on these, research and clinical implications can be derived. The establishment of high therapeutic adherence can be viewed as a prerequisite for the final analyses of the multi-center treatment study
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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