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Potensi Mol (Mikroorganisme Lokal) dari Tanaman Mucuna bracteata DC. dengan Kombinasi Daun Kelapa Sawit sebagai Biofertilizer
No full textOrganic materials found around oil palm plantations have the potential to be used as materials for making biofertilizers. This study aims to obtain the right ratio between the Mucuna bracteata plant and the leaves of the oil palm plant as an ingredient for making MOL, as well as to determine the quality of the MOL produced. The plant materials used were Mucuna bracteata plants and oil palm leaf obtained from oil palm plantations in the Tanah Raja area. Both plant materials were cut into small pieces and put into jars according to the treatment, namely M0 (0 g Mucuna bracteata + 0 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M1 (300 g Mucuna bracteata + 0 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water ), M2 (0 g Mucuna bracteata + 300 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M3 (150 g Mucuna bracteata + 150 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M4 (100 g Mucuna bracteata + 200 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M5 (200 g Mucuna bracteata + 100 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M6 (60 g Mucuna bracteata + 240 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water) and M7 (240 g Mucuna bracteata + 60 g leaf palm + 100 g sugar + 1 L water). Observations on the quality of MOL in the form of total microbes, physical characteristics and pH of the MOL solution were carried out at incubation times of 1, 3 and 5 weeks. IAA levels and percent NPK were measured from the MOL product at week 5. The total microbial population observed were total bacteria, fungi, N-fixing bacteria, chitinolytic bacteria, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The highest total bacterial population was found in the M2 treatment, while for the fungus in the M3 treatment. The highest population of N-fixing bacteria, chitinolytic, and phosphate solvent were found in the M7, M4, and M1 treatments, respectively. The texture of the plant material in the MOL treatment was smooth, the color of the solution was blackish brown which resembled the color of the soil with the pH showing the same pattern for all treatments. Initial pH at week 0 ranged from 7.70-8.45 and week 5 became 4.31-4.79. The highest IAA level was in the M2 treatment of 8.38 ppm and the lowest was in the M0 (control) which was 1.10 ppm. The highest NPK level was treatment M2 of 1.09% and the lowest was M0 (control) of 0.59%. Based on all observation parameters, the MOL with the best quality is M2.Bahan organik yang terdapat disekitar perkebunan kelapa sawit berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan untuk membuat biofertilizer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rasio perbandingan yang tepat antara tanaman Mucuna bracteata dan daun tanaman sawit sebagai bahan pembuatan MOL, serta mengetahui kualitas MOL yang dihasilkan. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan yaitu tanaman Mucuna bracteata dan daun kelapa sawit yang diperoleh dari perkebunan kelapa sawit di daerah Tanah Raja. Kedua bahan tanaman dipotong kecil-kecil dan dimasukkan ke dalam toples sesuai dengan perlakuan yaitu M0 (0 g Mucuna bracteata + 0 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M1 (300 g Mucuna bracteata + 0 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M2 (0 g Mucuna bracteata + 300 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M3 (150 g Mucuna bracteata + 150 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M4 (100 g Mucuna bracteata + 200 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M5 (200 g Mucuna bracteata + 100 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M6 (60 g Mucuna bracteata + 240 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air) dan M7 (240 g Mucuna bracteata + 60 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air). Pengamatan kualitas MOL berupa total mikroba, karakter fisik dan pH larutan MOL dilakukan pada waktu inkubasi 1, 3 dan 5 minggu. Kadar IAA dan persen NPK diukur dari produk MOL minggu ke-5.Total populasi mikroba yang diamati adalah total bakteri, jamur, bakteri penambat N, bakteri kitinolitik, dan bakteri pelarut fosfat. Total populasi bakteri tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan M2, sementara untuk jamur pada perlakuan M3. Populasi bakteri penambat N, kitinolitik, pelarut posfat masing-masing terbanyak berturut-turut ditemukan pada perlakuan M7, M4, dan M1. Tekstur bahan pada perlakuan MOL halus, warna larutan coklat kehitaman menyerupai warna tanah dengan pH menunjukkan pola yang sama untuk semua perlakuan. Derajat keasaman (pH) pada minggu ke-0 berkisar antara 7,70-8,45 dan minggu ke-5 menjadi 4,31-4,79. Kadar IAA tertinggi yaitu pada perlakuan M2 sebesar 8,38 ppm dan terendah pada M0 (kontrol) yaitu sebesar 1,10 ppm. Kadar NPK tertinggi adalah perlakuan M2 sebesar 1,09% dan terendah M0 (kontrol) sebesar 0,59%. Berdasarkan semua parameter pengamatan perlakuan MOL dengan kualiatas terbaik adalah M2.57 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Potensi Rhizobium ISOLAT Mucuna bracteata DC. dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Ganoderma boninense Pat. dan Menghasilkan IAA (INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID)
No full textEfforts to control basal stem rot disease of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense are still continued to be carried out, i.e by application of antagonistic biological control agents against G. boninense, such as Rhizobium. The aim of this study was to obtain the antagonistic species of Rhizobium from root nodules of Mucuna bracteata against G. boninense, to determine their antagonistic mechanisms and their potency to produce Indol acetic acid (IAA) growth regulator Rhizobium was isolated from the root nodules of M. bracteata that was cultivated in Aek Pancur oil palm plantations, in North Sumatra province. Rhizobium isolated from root nodules by breaking-out the nodules and then cultivated it on specific medium of Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YEMA). The isolated bacterial were characterized and identified molecularly, find out their antagonistic activity and mechanisms against G. boninense, and their ability to produce IAA. The results showed that isolation and characterization of bacteria from root nodules of M. bracteata were obtained 3 candidates isolates of Rhizobium. Molecular identification showed that the three isolates were positive species of Rhizobium with a high percentage of similarity index with Rhizobium sp. Strain J007 was 97-98%. However, it is suspected to be a type of Rhizobium leguminosarum strain SmrVr -115 based on the results of the phylogenetic tree construction. The antagonistic test of three species of Rhizobium against G. boninense with dual culture test resulted in the percentage of mycelium inhibition value in a range of 43.33%-66.7%. The antagonistic mechanisms of 3 species of Rhizobium against G. boninense were shown by producing antifungal compounds with the percentage 11,67-27% glucanolytic mechanisms with the index of glunacanolitics 0,25-0,4. but none of chitinolytic activity. All species of Rhizobium are able to produce IAA with the concentration of IAA 1,166-23,66.Upaya pengendalian penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada kelapa sawit yang disebabkan oleh jamur Ganoderma boninense terus dilakukan antara lain dengan memanfaatkan agen pengendalian hayati yang bersifat antagonis terhadap jamur G. boninense seperti Rhizobium yang terdapat pada tanaman Mucuna bracteata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis Rhizobium dari bintil akar M. bracteata yang berpotensi antagonis terhadap G. boninense, mengetahui mekanisme antagonis dan kemampuan menghasilkan zat pengatur tumbuh IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid). Rhizobium diisolasi dari bintil akar tanaman M. bracteata dari perkebunan sawit daerah Aek Pancur provinsi Sumatera Utara. Bakteri diisolasi dengan memecah bintil akar dan menumbuhkannya pada media spesifik Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YEMA). Isolat bakteri yang diperoleh kemudian dikarakterisasi dan diidentifikasi secara molekuler lalu duji kemampuan antagonisnya terhadap G. boninense, dipelajari mekanisme antagonis, serta kemampuan menghasilkan IAA. Hasil isolasi bakteri dari bintil akar M. bracteata diperoleh sebanyak 3 isolat yang menunjukkan karakter sebagai bakteri dari genus Rhizobium. Identifikasi secara molekuler menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat tersebut benar Rhizobium dengan persentase kesamaan yang tinggi dengan Rhizobium sp. Strain J007 yaitu sebesar 97-98%. Namun, diduga merupakan jenis Rhizobium leguminosarum strain SmrVr -115 berdasarkan hasil konstruksi pohon filogenetik. Uji antagonis ketiga bakteri Rhizobium tersebut terhadap G. boninense menghasilkan persentase hambatan miselium sebesar 43,33%-66,7%. Ketiga Rhizobium menunjukkan mekanisme penghambatan terhadap G. boninense berupa produksi senyawa antijamur dengan persentase 11,67-27% dan produksi enzim glukanolitik dengan indeks glukanolittik 0,25-0,4. Namun, tidak ditemukan kemampuan kitinolitik. Ketiga Rhizobium mampu menghasilkan IAA dengan konsentrasi IAA 1,166-23,66.69 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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