1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Der Einfluss genetischer Polymorphismen auf die Neuritis vestibularis
Full text linkDie Neuritis vestibularis (VN) ist die dritthäufigste Ursache peripheren Schwindels im deutschen Raum. Der genaue Pathomechanismus dieser Erkrankung ist bis dato unbekannt, wobei eine Infektion oder Reaktivierung mit dem Herpes simplex Virus Typ-1 (HSV-1) als wahrscheinlichste Ätiologie gilt. Die klinische Ausprägung beruht auf einem akuten, einseitigen Ausfall der Vestibularfunktion, welche folgende, tage-anhaltende Symptome hervorruft: horizontal-torsioneller Spontannystagmus zur gesunden Seite mit Drehschwindelsymptomatik, Oszillopsien, Fallneigung zur geschädigten Seite und Übelkeit bis hin zu Erbrechen. Eine häufige Komorbidität der VN ist ein Diabetes mellitus Typ II.
Gemeinsames Ziel beider Studien war es relevante Genloci zu identifizieren, um Rückschlüsse auf den Pathomechanismus und die Ätiologie ableiten zu können, und um die Hypothese der HSV-1-Reaktivierung als vermutete Ursache zu evaluieren. Es wurden eine GWAS (131 Patient*innen, 2609 Kontrollen, Studie 1) und eine Kandidaten-SNP-Studie (151 Patient*innen, 1775 Kontrollen, Studie 2) mit überlappenden Teilnehmer*innen durchgeführt. In beiden Studien konnte eine Assoziation mit VN für Varianten in 4 Genen identifiziert bzw. bestätigt werden, für die ein Zusammenhang mit der viralen Immunantwort diskutiert wird.
Für rs12979860 im Interferon Lambda 3/4- Genlocus (IFNL3/4) war bereits eine Korrelation mit der Schwere der Ausprägung von Herpes labialis mit der Anzahl der T-Allele nachgewiesen worden. Träger*innen dieses Risikoallels zeigten in weiteren Studien ein vermindertes Ansprechen in der Hepatitis C-Virus (HCV)-Therapie und eine erhöhte HCV-Persistenz. In der vorliegenden Kandidaten-SNP-Studie (Studie 2) konnte das T-Allel auch als Risikoallel für das Auftreten einer VN bestätigt werden und unterstützte damit die Hypothese einer Reaktivierung von HSV-1 als Genese der VN.
Durch eine GWAS (Studie 1) konnten 3 weitere immunmodulatorische Gene erstmals mit der Entstehung einer VN in Verbindung gebracht werden. Varianten in den Genregionen von NR3C2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2), welches als spezifischer viraler Hostfaktor für die Replikation von HSV-1 identifiziert worden war, MED30 (mediator complex 30) und ANKRD30A (ankyrin repeat domain 30A), die in früheren Studien als Hostfaktoren für die Replikation des humanen Immundefizienzvirus (HIV)-1 beschrieben worden waren, zeigten einen genomweit signifikanten Zusammenhang zur VN. Daraus lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass eine VN durch eine virale Infektion ausgelöst werden könnte und dass HSV-1 diesbezüglich ein plausibles Pathogen darstellt.
Weiterhin konnten durch die GWAS Varianten in den Genloci LMX1A (LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha) und SLC30A8 (solute carrier family 30 member 8) identifiziert werden, welche mit einer diabetischen Stoffwechsellage in Verbindung stehen und möglicherweise zu dem gehäuften Auftreten von Diabetes mellitus Typ II bei VN-Patient*innen beitragen.
Zusammenfassend zeigen beide Studien Risikovarianten für virale Host-Interaktionen in der Patient*innengruppe, was auf eine virale Infektion als Ursache einer VN und eine genetische Suszeptibilität für deren Auftreten schließen lässt.
Für Varianten der Gene INFL3/4 und NR3C2 wurde bereits ein Zusammenhang zur klinischen Ausprägung von Herpes labialis beschrieben, weshalb HSV-1 als wahrscheinlichster Erreger dieser Infektion angenommen werden kann.
Da die Stichprobengröße in beiden Studien gering und der Einfluss der assoziierten Varianten auf die Regulation der beschriebenen Gene sowie deren Rolle in der Host-Virus-Interaktion noch unzureichend verstanden sind, bedarf es weiterer Forschung und einer Reproduktion der Studienergebnisse.Vestibular neuritis (VN) is the third most common cause of peripheral vertigo in Germany. The exact pathomechanism of this disease is still unknown, although an infection or reactivation with the herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), is considered the most likely etiology. The clinical manifestation of VN is based on an acute unilateral loss of vestibular function, resulting in the following, days-lasting symptoms: spontaneous horizontal-torsional nystagmus to the unaffected side with
symptoms of sustained spinning vertigo, oscillopsia, postural imbalance with risk of falling to the affected side and nausea or vomiting. A common comorbidity of VN is diabetes type II.
Common aim of both studies was the identification of relevant gene loci in order to gain insight on the pathomechanisms and etiology, and to evaluate the hypothesis of a reactivation of HSV-1 as the suspected origin. A GWAS (131 patients, 2609 controls, study 1) and a candidate-SNP study (151 patients, 1775 controls,
study 2) with overlapping participants was conducted. In both studies, an association with VN was confirmed for variants in 4 genes for which an association with viral immune response is discussed.
For rs12979860, localized in the region of interferon lambda (IFNL) 3/4 gene locus, a correlation between the severity of herpes labialis and the amount of T-alleles was identified. In further studies, carriers of this risk allele showed a reduced response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy and an elevated persistence of HCV. In the candidate SNP-study (study 2), the T-allele was also confirmed as a risk allele for the occurrence of VN and thus supports the hypothesis of a HSV-1 reactivation as the genesis of VN.
Using a GWAS (study 1), 3 additional immune-modulatory genes were linked to the development of VN for the first time. Variants in the gene regions of NR3C2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2), which had been identified as specific host factor for the replication of HSV-1, MED30 (mediator complex 30) and ANKRD30A (ankyrin repeat domain 30A), which had been described as host factors for the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in previous studies, had shown a genome-wide significant connection to VN. Regarding this association, it can be concluded that VN could be triggered by a viral inflammation and that HSV-1 could be a plausible pathogen in this respect.
Furthermore, using a GWAS variants in the gene loci LMX1A (LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha) and SLC30A8 (solute carrier family 30 member 8) were identified, which are associated with a diabetic metabolic state and possibly contribute to the increased incidence of diabetes mellitus type II in VN patients.
In summary, both studies show risk variants for viral host-interactions in the patient group, which implies a viral infection as a cause of VN and a genetic susceptibility for its occurrence. For variants of the INFL3/4 and NR3C2 genes, a connection to the clinical manifestation of herpes labialis has already been described, which suggests HSV-1 to be the most plausible causative pathogen of this infection.
The sample-size in both studies is critical low for a genetic study but especially low for a GWAS. The impact of this variants and their role in host-virus-interactions, especially HSV-1, are unclear and further studies and reproduction of the study-results are necessary
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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