117,795 research outputs found
Risky alcohol consumption in the workplace : the feasibility of early detection and brief intervention as a part of routine health examinations
No full textThere are a number of reasons why workplaces should focus on problems related to alcohol use and misuse. These include the associated risk of greater ill-health, accidents leading to injury, absenteeism, and negative effects on the atmosphere in the workplace.The main purpose of this thesis was to examine the feasibility and limitations of alcohol screening as part of regular health examinations. A further aim was to examine the feasibility, limitations and effects of brief intervention in a workplace. The pilot project was carried out in workplaces in the paper, pulp and wood industry. The main project, a randomized controlled study, was carried out at a large workplace in the transport sector over a period of 48 months. In the main project, employees who came to the occupational health service (OHS) for a regular health examination were given the opportunity to undergo voluntary alcohol screening. The screening and follow-up consisted of self-reporting, using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the carbohydrate deficient transferrin in serum (CDT) blood test. The serum gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) test was also used for comparison purposes.The results from the pilot study suggest that alcohol screening is not time-consuming for the OHS. Offering employees voluntary alcohol screening in conjunction with a health examination may well encourage some people to seek advice and support for their alcohol problems. The results from the main study suggest that the AUDIT and CDT should be regarded as complementary test for alcohol screening in a routine workplace health examination, and that each is of value for identifying different segments of the at-risk drinking population. Our data indicate that individuals with moderately elevated or risky levels of alcohol consumption show an increase in sick-days. Individuals who screened positive on the AUDIT and/or CDT test did not demonstrate more long, continuous periods of sickness absence or absence on Monday or Fridays. Shift workers did not drink more alcohol than permanent day workers, according to the AUDIT, CDT and GGT results. In fact, the opposite was observed for 2-shift workers according to CDT. Of those employees who participated in the follow-up, almost 50% had negative test results. Despite this, there were no significant differences at screening and follow-up between the intervention groups and the control group, neither in relation to the AUDIT, CDT, or GGT. Nor was there any difference in the number of sick-days during the study period between those who screened positive and those who screened negative.In summary: it appears to be feasible to carry out alcohol screening and brief intervention as part of regular health examinations and there is a good reason to use a more systematic approach to alcohol screening in conjunction with routine workplace health examination.List of scientific papersI. Hermansson U, Knutsson A, Ronnberg S, Brandt L (1998). Feasibility of brief intermention in the workplace for the detection and treatment of excessive alcohol consumption. Int J Occup Environ Health. 4(2): 71-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10026467II. Hermansson U, Helander A, Huss A, Brandt L, Ronnberg S (2000). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in a routine workplace health examination. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 24(2): 180-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698370III. Hermansson U, Helander A, Brandt L, Huss A, Ronnberg S (2002). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcohol-related sickness absence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 26(1): 28-35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11821651IV. Hermansson U, Knutsson A, Brandt L, Huss A, Ronnberg S, Helander A (2002). Screening for risky and elevated alcohol consumption in day and shift workers by use of the AUDIT and CDT. [Submitted]V. Hermansson U, Helander A, Huss A, Brandt L, Ronnberg S (2002). Brief intervention of risky alcohol consumption in the workplace: A one-year randomized, controlled study. [Submitted]</p
The AHA-study: Implementing evidence based measueres for retaining workability at work sites : Effects on lifestyle, workability and firm productivity. 9th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine. Bangkok, Thailand, Nov 29-Dec 2, 2006
No full textJensen IB, Bergstrom G, Bjorklund C, Fried I, Lisspers J, Nathell L, Hermansson U, Roos P, Bodin L, the AHAstudy group (2006). The AHA-study: Implementing evidence based measueres for retaining workability at work sites - Effcets on lifestyle, workability and firm productivity. Presented at the 9th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine. Bangkok, Thailand, Nov 29-Dec 2, 2006.</p
Structural, Vibrational and Electronic-properties of A Crystalline Hydrate From Ab-initio Periodic Hartree-fock Calculations
No full textThe hydrate crystal lithium hydroxide monohydrate LiOH.H2O has been studied by ab initio periodic Hartree-Fock calculations. The influence of the crystalline environment on the local molecular properties (molecular geometry, atomic charges, electron density, molecular vibrations and deuterium quadrupole coupling constants) of the water molecule, the lithium and hydroxide ions has been calculated. A number of crystalline bulk properties are also presented, optimized crystalline structure, lattice energy and electronic band structure. The optimized cell parameters from calculations with a large basis set of triple-zeta quality differ by only 1-3% from the experimental neutron-determined cell, whereas the STO-3g basis set performs poorly (differences of 5-10%). With the triple-zeta basis also the atomic positions and intermolecular distances agree very well with the experiment. The lattice energy differs by approximately 8% from the experimental value, and by at most 3% when a density-functional electron correlation correction is applied. Large electron-density rearrangements occur in the water molecule and in the hydrogen bond and are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental X-ray diffraction results. The quadrupole-coupling constants of the water and hydroxide deuterium atoms are found to be very sensitive to the O-H bond length and are in good agreement with experimental values when the calculation is based on the experimental structure. The anharmonic O-H stretching vibrations in the crystal are presented and found to be very close to results from calculations on molecular clusters. The electronic band and density-of-states spectra are discussed. Model calculations on a hydrogen fluoride chain were used to rationalize the results
DFT-based multi-scale modelling of materials and nanoparticles
No full textRedox-active metal oxide surfaces and interfaces ‒ such as electrodes, catalysts, and sensors ‒ play crucial roles in our society and in the development of new materials and greener technologies. In the scientific literature, a full arsenal of experimental methods are being used to help to characterize such materials interfaces. Simultaneously, the (ever-increasing) theoretical materials studies in the literature provide structural and mechanistic information at a detail that is difficult to beat by experiments – but are the models accurate enough? There are at least two major challenges in materials modelling: (i) how to build structural models that capture the complexity and imperfections of the real systems, and (ii) how to find good enough interaction models (say a DFT functional [1] or a force-field). Here mimicking the interactions and chemical properties of materials without explicit electrons present is a formidable task, especially when the transfer of electrons is closely coupled to the material's functionality, as is the case for redox-active metal oxides.I will discuss some of our efforts in the development of a multiscale modelling approach for surfaces and interfaces of metal oxides (e.g. CeO2, ZnO, MgO) – with and without interacting molecules (e.g. O2 and water).In summary, we combine a range of theoretical methods including DFT [2], tight-binding-DFT [3], and reactive force-field simulations [4] in a consistent multi-scale approach to examine the properties of oxide nanosystems. We generate images and spectra to make direct comparisons with the experimental counterparts (e.g. IRRAS spectra [5]), but we also generate properties that cannot be measured by experiments such as the water dipole moment enhancement on a surface (often much larger [1] than in liquid water!). I will also inform about the European Materials Modelling Council (https://emmc.info/), and our efforts to promote the use and quality of materials modelling in industry; the EMMC is open to everyone interested. References[1] G. G. Kebede, D. Spångberg, P. D. Mitev, P. Broqvist, K. Hermansson, "Comparing van der Waals DFT methods for water on NaCl(001) and MgO(001), The Journal of Chemical Physics 146, 064703 (2017). [2] M. Hellström, D. Spångberg, K. Hermansson, "Treatment of Delocalized Electron Transfer in Periodic and Embedded Cluster DFT Calculations: The Case of Cu on ZnO (10-10)", Journal of Computational Chemistry 36, 2394 (2015). [3] J. Kullgren, M. J. Wolf, K. Hermansson, Ch. Köhler, B. Aradi,Th. Frauenheim, and P. Broqvist, "Self-Consistent-Charge Density-Functional Tight-Binding (SCC-DFTB) Parameters for Ceria in 0D to 3D". J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 4593−4607 (2017). [4] P. Broqvist, J. Kullgren, M. J. Wolf, A. C. T. van Duin, K. Hermansson, "A ReaxFF force-field for ceria bulk, surfaces and nanoparticles", J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 13598 (2015). [5] S. Hu, Z. Wang, A. Mattsson, L. Österlund, K. Hermansson, "Simulation of IRRAS Spectra for Molecules on Oxide Surfaces: CO on TiO2(110)", J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 5403 (2015).</p
Multiscale modelling of metal oxide interfaces and nanoparticles
No full textRedox-active metal oxide surfaces and interfaces ‒ such as electrodes, catalysts, and sensors ‒ play crucial roles in our society and in the development of new materials and greener technologies. In the scientific literature, a full arsenal of experimental methods are being used to help characterize such interfaces. At the same time, the number of theoretical studies in the literature steadily increases, providing mechanistic information at a detail that is hard to beat by experiment. Are such theoretical results accurate enough? Here the major challenges are (i) how to build a structural model that captures the complexity and imperfections of the real system at hand, and (ii) how to find an interaction model/a materials relation (say a DFT functional [1] or a force-field) that is good enough.A 5 nm metal oxide nanoparticle may be very small to an experimentalist, but it contains many thousand atoms, making standard quantum-mechanical (e.g. regular DFT) methods totally unfeasible. Can force-field calculations be used instead? Well, mimicking the interactions and chemical properties without explicit electrons present is a formidable task, especially when the transfer of electrons is closely coupled to the material's functionality, as is the case for redox-active metal oxides. I will discuss some of our efforts in the development of a multiscale modelling approach for surfaces and interfaces of metal oxides (e.g. CeO2, ZnO, MgO) – with and without interacting molecules (e.g. O2 and water).In summary, we combine a range of theoretical methods including DFT [2], tight-binding-DFT [3], and reactive force-field simulations [4] in a consistent multi-scale approach to examine the properties of oxide nanosystems. We generate images and spectra to make direct comparisons with the experimental couterparts (e.g. IRRAS spectra [5] and a new unpublished approach to predict vibrational spectra for OH-covered metal oxides), but we also generate properties that cannot be measured by experiments such as the water dipole moment enhancement on a surface (oftem much larger than in liquid water!). I will also inform about the European Materials Modelling Council (https://emmc.info/), and our efforts to promote the use of materials modelling in industry and the quality of the modelling results; the EMMC is open to everyone interested.References:[1] G. G. Kebede, D. Spångberg, P. D. Mitev, P. Broqvist, K. Hermansson, "Comparing van der Waals DFT methods for water on NaCl(001) and MgO(001), The Journal of Chemical Physics 146, 064703 (2017). [2] M. Hellström, D. Spångberg, K. Hermansson, "Treatment of Delocalized Electron Transfer in Periodic and Embedded Cluster DFT Calculations: The Case of Cu on ZnO (10-10)", Journal of Computational Chemistry 36, 2394 (2015). [3] J. Kullgren, M. J. Wolf, K. Hermansson, Ch. Köhler, B. Aradi,Th. Frauenheim, and P. Broqvist, "Self-Consistent-Charge Density-Functional Tight-Binding (SCC-DFTB) Parameters for Ceria in 0D to 3D". J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 4593−4607 (2017). [4] P. Broqvist, J. Kullgren, M. J. Wolf, A. C. T. van Duin, K. Hermansson, "A ReaxFF force-field for ceria bulk, surfaces and nanoparticles", J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 13598 (2015). [5] S. Hu, Z. Wang, A. Mattsson, L. Österlund, K. Hermansson, "Simulation of IRRAS Spectra for Molecules on Oxide Surfaces: CO on TiO2(110)", J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 5403 (2015).</p
Memoria Virorum In Suecia Eruditissimorum Rediviva : Seu Semi-Decas ... Orationum Funebrium ...
No full textDie Illustration ist ein Kupferstich-Porträt des "B. Hermannus Witte S.S. Theol. Doct. ... Diocœs. Aboeris. ...", unterzeichnet: "Mentzel sc."Die Rückseite des Titelblatts ist unbedrucktEnthält Beiträge von: "... Arvido Moller, Ivr. Nat. Et Gent. Prof.", "... Andreas Rydelio.", "... Ioh. L. Toerner, Hist. Et Phil. Mor. Lector Gymn. Lincop.", "... Magno Rydelio, Hist. Et Poes. Prof. Ord." und "... Ioh. Hermansson, Ivr. Nat. Gent. Et Moral. Prof. Ord."Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Rostochii & Lipsiæ, Apud Jo. Heinr. Ruswormium, MDCCXXX. - Leipzig ist Messeor
Upper limb reduction deficiencies in Swedish children : classification, prevalence and function with myoelectric prostheses
No full textUpper limb reduction deficiency (ULRD) is a rare condition that has been known ever since the 6 th century B.C. This is a lifelong deficiency which in an afflicted child can lead to practical limitations, social restrictions and physical problems.The overall aim of this research was to increase the knowledge about children with upper limb reduction deficiencies from three perspectives: the deficiencies themselves, the use of prostheses and the well-being of the affected children.To validate information regarding upper limb deficiency in the Swedish Register for Congenital Malformations (SRCM), all infants reported to this register during 1973-1987 were reclassified according to a more detailed classification. The result was compared with a clinic-based register at the Limb Deficiency and Arm Prostheses Centre in Orebro, Sweden. The findings indicate that SRCM, with its calculated underestimation of 6%, can be used for studying the prevalence of ULRD in Sweden. However, as SRCM is a surveillance register, the quality of some information seems to be low, making detailed description of cases difficult. Use of the population register data for clinical purposes could therefore result in lower validity. Additional information and follow-up of specific cases are therefore recommended.The presence of scoliosis and trunk asymmetry was studied in 60 persons with transverse ULRD. Nineteen persons (31%) had a scoliosis of between 10 and 19' and 30 persons had minor curves of between 5 and 10'. There was a significant correlation between leg length inequality and side of the convexity, with the convexity directed towards the side of the shorter leg in 21 of 28 persons. This indicates that children with transverse ULRD may have a transient scoliosis of postural origin of no clinical significance.A new observation- based test, the Assessment of Capacity for Myoelectric Control (ACMC), which measures a person's capacity to control a myoelectric prosthetic hand during the performance of ordinary daily tasks, was developed. Occupational therapists completed 210 assessments of 75 persons. Rasch rating scale analysis was used for validation and reliability estimations. The results demonstrate internal scale and person response validity.The external reliability of ACMC was established by scorings from three raters with different degrees of experience on 27 videotapes of client performance. The major finding in this study was that in order to obtain reliable measures from the ACMC the raters have to have some experience of this group of clients. Until the ACMC can adjust for rater severity, the same rater should perform the ACMC when it is used for follow-up or clinical trials.In a study of 62 children we found that, overall, children with ULRD who have been fitted with a myoelectric prosthetic hand are just as well adjusted psychosocially as their able-bodied peers. There are indications, however, of social stigmata related to the deficiency which have to be considered differently in boys and girls. Most children who have been provided with a myoelectric prosthesis at an early age continue to use the prosthesis.In conlusion, upper limb deficiency is a rare disorder with a variety of potential problems that need to be considered by the clinician. Fitting of a prosthesis at an early age seems to lessen some of the constraints from living with this deficiency.List of scientific papersI. Hermansson L, Bodin L, Wranne L (2001). "Upper limb deficiencies in Swedish children--a comparison between a population-based and a clinic-based register. " Early Hum Dev 63(2): 131-44 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11408102II. Samuelsson L, Hermansson LL, Noren L (1997). "Scoliosis and trunk asymmetry in upper limb transverse dysmelia. " J Pediatr Orthop 17(6): 769-72 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9591980III. Hermansson L, Fisher A, Bernsprang B, Eliasson A (2004). "Assessment of capacity for myoelectric control: A new Rasch-built measure of prosthetic hand control." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 36: 1-6 (In Print) IV. Hermansson L, Bodin L, Eliasson A (2004). "Intra- and interrater reliability of the assessment of capacity for myoelectric control." (Submitted) V. Hermansson L, Eliasson A, Engstrom I (2004). "Psychosocial adjustment in Swedish children with upper-limb reduction deficiency and a myoelectric prosthetic hand." Acta Paediatrica 93: 1-10 (In Print) </p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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