1,721,075 research outputs found
The Cold War and the Welfare State in Western Europe
Full text linkThe Cold War and the growth of the welfare state constitute two major frameworks for understanding politics and society in post-war Western Europe. This chapter discusses how the Cold War shaped the development of welfare states in selected Western European countries in the first decades after 1945. It is argued that two mechanisms were important. First, social policies were used for securing mass loyalty and as an anti-communist strategy in Western Europe. Second, the Cold War strongly impacted political coalition-building in Western countries
Perusteos sodankäynnin ja hyvinvointiyhteiskunnan välisestä yhteydestä
Full text linkArvosteltu teos: Warfare and welfare : military conflict and welfare state development in western countries / edited by Herbert Obinger, Klaus Petersen, and Peter Starke. New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2018
Expanding the welfare state after the Golden Age: The case of Switzerland
Full text linkThis paper analyses whether Switzerland has still expanded its social programmes after the end of the so-called golden age. Quantitative evidence points to this trend and ana-lysing reforms in pensions, health insurance, unemployment insurance and family pol-icy reinforces this conclusion, with the most important elements being the creation of mandatory unemployment and health insurance as well as occupational benefits within the Swiss pension scheme. Swiss family policy was clearly enhanced during the last 30 years, as were means-tested supplementary benefits for low income pensioners. Still Switzerland witnessed cutbacks, too, the best examples of which are the higher retire-ment age for women in both the first (state) and second (occupational) pillar of old age protection, substantial benefit reductions in unemployment insurance and higher co-payments in health insurance. All things considered, qualitative analysis however sup-ports the notion of welfare state expansion in Switzerland since the mid-1970s and clearly contradicts the "race to the bottom" approach. But expenditure growth does not only reflect an enhancement of social protection but also socioeconomic factors, mainly low economic growth rates during the period under scrutiny and a higher number of benefit recipients (mainly in unemployment insurance and pensions). -- Dieses Arbeitspapier analysiert die Entwicklung des schweizerischen Wohlfahrtsstaates seit Mitte der 1970er Jahre, d.h. nach dem Ende des so genannten Goldenen Zeitalters. Die leitende Frage ist, ob die Schweiz ihre Sozialprogramme in dieser Periode ausgebaut hat oder nicht. Die Entwicklung der schweizerischen Sozialausgaben spricht für einen expansiven Trend, ein Ergebnis, das durch die Untersuchung der Reformen in der Arbeitslosen-, der Kranken-, der Rentenversicherung sowie der Familienpolitik weitgehend bestätigt wird. Zu nennen sind hier vor allem die Schaffung der obligatorischen Arbeitslosen- und Krankenversicherung sowie der beruflichen Vorsorge. Besonders deutlich wurde die schweizerische Familienpolitik ausgebaut, ebenso die Ergänzungsleistungen für bedürftige Rentner der staatlichen Alters- und Hinterlassenenversicherung sowie der Invalidenversicherung. Diese Veränderungen dürfen aber nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass auch in der Schweiz ein gewisser Rückbau des Wohlfahrtsstaates stattgefunden hat, für den die Erhöhung des Frauenrentenalters in der ersten und zweiten Säule, bedeutsame Leistungskürzungen in der Arbeitslosenversicherung und eine deutlich höhere Selbstbeteiligung der Versicherten in der Krankenversicherung die besten Beispiele sind. Nimmt man all diese Ergebnisse zusammen, unterstützen aber auch die qualitativen Ergebnisse prinzipiell die Vorstellung eines Ausbaus des schweizerischen Wohlfahrtsstaates auch im so genannten silver age und widerlegen die Annahme eines systematischen race to the bottom in der Schweiz. Bezüglich der Ausgabendaten muss allerdings berücksichtigt werden, dass diese nicht nur einen Ausbau der Sozialprogramme sondern auch sozioökonomische Faktoren - wie niedrige Wachstumsraten und höhere Empfängerzahlen vor allem in der Arbeitslosen- sowie der Rentenversicherung - widerspiegeln.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Review of The Study of Well-being, Social Policy and the Welfare State: A Review Essay
Full text linkThe Study of Well-being, Social Policy and the Welfare State: A Review Essay
JAMES MIDGLEY - School of Social Welfare University of California Berkeley
Francis G. Castles, Stephan Leibfried, Jane Lewis, Herbert Obinger & Christopher Pierson, Eds. (2010). The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State. New York: Oxford University Press. $150.00 (hardcover)
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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