1,721,166 research outputs found
Chinese managers used to state control have a hard time acting as capitalists
No full textDecision-makers act on their experience, write Henrich R. Greve and Cyndi Man Zhan
Carbonate dissolution revealed by silt grain-size distribution: comparison of Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum sediments from the pelagic South Atlantic
No full textThe current issue of global warming and the role of the ocean in global exchange of CO2 increases the interest in solid budgets of marine carbonate production and dissolution. The present study utilizes grain-size composition of pelagic sediments in order to trace spatial and temporal variability of carbonate sedimentation in the South Atlantic for the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19–23 cal kyr BP). A decrease in grain size (e.g. sand content, mean grain size of coarse carbonate silt) indicates increased carbonate dissolution as a result of increased fragmentation of calcareous microfossils. The spatial grain-size pattern suggests a threshold water depth below which a gradual grain-size decrease becomes increasingly rapid. This water depth is considered as the sedimentary lysocline. For the Holocene time slice, a constant, gradual decrease of foraminifer carbonate of about 5–10% per 1000 m water depth above the lysocline gives evidence for supra-lysoclinal dissolution. The water depth of the lysocline for the Holocene is tied to the interface of North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) (ca 4100 m). Submarine ridges which restrict intrusion of AABW into the Angola Basin cause an asymmetry in carbonate preservation across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The lysocline was reconstructed at ca 3100 m for the LGM. These data suggest that the ca 1000 m rise of the lysocline eradicated the Holocene east–west asymmetry.<br/
Goal selection internally and externally: a behavioral theory of institutionalization
No full textThis paper examines a paradox in the behavioral theory of the firm, and highlights how a complementary paradox from institutional theory suggests a theoretical integration with potential for significant progress. Current behavioral theory of the firm research has a strong record of showing a broad range of organizational changes in response to profitability. This is far from the original conception of internal organizational goals that trigger search in the vicinity of the problem. Profitability is a non-specific goal that results from a multitude of factors, and is in part an externally imposed goal. Its central role in many organizational changes prompts the question of whether other external goals affect the organization as well. In contrast, institutional theory is focused on externally imposed practices, but usually examines specific actions rather than goals,
leading to a theory of action without goals. These paradoxes and corresponding gaps in knowledge suggest a need for a behavioral theory of organizational responses to external goals
How Chinese firms reacted when told to change their share ownership structures
No full textThe slowest to comply had few public shares and had ties to the state through their board members, write Henrich R. Greve and Cyndi Man Zhan
Carbonate preservation patterns at the Ceará Rise - evidence for the Pliocene super conveyor
No full textEnhanced Atlantic overturning during the Pliocene was first proposed almost 10 yrs ago. Evidence for this Pliocene super conveyor scenario has been collected using a number of proxies (e.g., benthic ?13C, Nd isotopic composition of manganese crusts). The present study contributes to the existing evidences by using carbonate dissolution and current vigour history of early Pliocene sediments from the Ceará Rise (ODP Sites 927 and 929). In order to reveal carbonate dissolution history, a number of commonly used and newly established proxies were applied, i.e., sand and carbonate contents, foraminifer fragmentation index, Bulloides Dissolution Index and carbonate silt grain-size distributions. Terrigenous silt grain-size distributions were used to unravel variations in relative current strength and sediment input to the two sites. Overall good carbonate preservation at the shallow Site 927 (3314 m water depth) shows that this level was bathed in North Atlantic Deep Water throughout the early Pliocene. The contrastingly poor carbonate preservation record of the deeper Site 929 (4358 m water depth, at present exposed to Antarctic Bottom Water) is frequently interrupted by phases of good carbonate preservation. These results indicate that the depth of the calcite lysocline was mainly tied to present level ( 4200 m water depth), and sometimes even dropped to water depths greater than 4360 m due to even more enhanced circulation. Surprisingly the expansion of NADW is not clearly reflected by an increase in current speed as shown by continuously fine terrigenous grain size. <br/
Consequences of organizational misconduct: Too much and too little punishment
No full textMisconduct, malfeasance, and corruption are all terms that describe behaviors that are against common norms and in many cases also illegal. Misconduct can be defined as “behavior in or by an organization that a social control agent judges to transgress a line separating right from wrong” (Greve, Palmer, and Pozner 2010: 56). The definition includes a social control agent, an actor with a mandate to label actions as misconduct and punish them. Accordingly, societal reactions against organizations that engage in misconduct are expected from the state and possibly also from other actors such as exchange partners, professional organizations, individual consumers, or workers. This expectation is so strong that one might wonder whether analysis of misconduct punishment is too obvious to even pursue. Are any surprises possible? In fact, research so far has uncovered a few surprises that suggest a strong need to examine the phenomenon further. First, the extent of punishment varies widely and includes cases of non-punishment. Second, the actors who do the punishment vary and include actors who should be indifferent as they are not harmed by the wrongdoing. Third, the range of organizations that get punished is broad and, as a result of stigmatization, includes organizations that did not engage in the original misconduct. Because punishment can be unrelated to misconduct, we often use the term “punished organization” rather than wrongdoer.
These surprises will remain just that – surprises – until we reach a richer understanding of the consequences of misconduct based on theory and evidence. We are some distance away from this goal, and so the aim of this chapter is not to provide answers, but instead to give a map of the task ahead and a description of the early evidence. For convenience, we divide the treatment into discussions of (1) why social control agents punish, (2) how social control agents punish, (3) who are punished by social control agents, and (4) how organizations react to punishments. These issues are interrelated but still best discussed separately. We focus on punishment by actors other than the state to avoid overlap with the criminal justice literature.
To understand the consequences of misconduct, four factors with obvious effects are the nature of the misconduct, the organization responsible for it, the actors observing and reacting to it, and the conditions of the environment of these actors
sj-pdf-1-asr-10.1177_00031224221125937 – Supplemental material for Online Conspiracy Groups: Micro-Bloggers, Bots, and Coronavirus Conspiracy Talk on Twitter
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-asr-10.1177_00031224221125937 for Online Conspiracy Groups: Micro-Bloggers, Bots, and Coronavirus Conspiracy Talk on Twitter by Henrich R. Greve, Hayagreeva Rao, Paul Vicinanza and Echo Yan Zhou in American Sociological Review</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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