1,721,028 research outputs found
Coasean Bargaining Games with Stochastic Stock Externalities
No full textThe recent approach "subgame consistency" in cooperative stochastic differential games by Yeung and Petrosjan (2006) and Yeung and Petrosjan (2004) is applied to the classical Coase theorem in the presence of stochastic stock externalities. The dynamic Coasean bargaining solution is identified involving a negotiated plan of externality trade over time as well as subgame consistent Coasean liability payments flow under different assignments of property rights. The agent with the right to determine the externality has the advantage to choose his own private equilibrium as the initial condition in the dynamic system of the Coasean bargaining solution. The dynamic Coasean bargaining solution is formulated followed by an illustration showing an analytical tractable solution
A Note on the Cost-Benefit Ratio in Self-Enforcing Agreements
No full textSince the analysis of a self-enforcing agreement by Barrett (1994) it has been clear that the ratio between the slopes of the marginal cost and marginal benefit functions is conclusive for stability of self-enforcing agreements. For example Finus and Rundshagen (1998) stated: 'it turns out that all qualitative results depend only on this ratio' as it determines the non-orthogonal free-riding response along Nash reaction functions. This note shows that this 'pure' connection between the cost-benefit ratio and non-orthogonal free-riding response occurs due to the 'anonymous contributions' property of public goods, and in such cases the cost-benefit ratio effect holds regardless the functional form of objectives, the formulation of congestion or the degree of impureness of the public good. Therefore we expect to see the cost-benefit ratio still be the conclusive component also in self-enforcing agreements based on more general functional forms than seen hitherto in the literature.public goods; self-enforcing agreements; reaction function; coalition theory
Precautionary Policy Rules in an Integrated Climate-Economy Differential Game with Climate Model Uncertainty
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Coasean Bargaining Games with Stochastic Stock Externalities
No full textThe recent approach ‘subgame consistency’ in cooperative stochastic differential games by Yeung and Petrosjan (2006) and Yeung and Petrosjan
(2004) is applied to the classical Coase theorem in the presence of stochastic stock externalities. The dynamic Coasean bargaining solution is identified involving a negotiated plan of externality trade over time as well as subgame consistent Coasean liability payments flow under different assignments
of property rights. The agent with the right to determine the externality has the advantage to choose his own private equilibrium as the
initial condition in the dynamic system of the Coasean bargaining solution. The dynamic Coasean bargaining solution is formulated followed by an illustration showing an analytical tractable solution
Robust Control in Global Warming Management: An Analytical Dynamic Integrated Assessment
Get PDFImperfect measurement of uncertainty (deeper uncertainty) in climate sensitivity is introduced in a two-sectoral integrated assessment model (IAM) with endogenous growth, based on an extension of DICE. The household expresses ambiguity aversion and can use robust control via a `shadow ambiguity premium' on social carbon cost to identify robust climate policy feedback rules that work well over a range such as the IPCC climate sensitivity range (IPCC, 2007a). Ambiguity aversion, in combination with linear damage, increases carbon cost in a similar way as a low pure rate of time preference. However, ambiguity aversion in combination with non-linear damage would also make policy more responsive to changes in climate data observations. Perfect ambiguity aversion results in an infinite expected shadow carbon cost and a zero carbon consumption path. Dynamic programming identifies an analytically tractable solution to the IAM.climate policy, carbon cost, robust control, Knightian uncertainty, ambiguity aversion, integrated asssessment
Robust Control in Global Warming Management: An Analytical Dynamic Integrated Assessment
Get PDFKnightian uncertainty in climate sensitivity is analyzed in a two sec-
toral integrated assessment model (IAM), based on an extension of
DICE. A representative household that expresses ambiguity aversion
uses robust control to identify robust climate policy feedback rules that
work well over IPCC climate-sensitivity uncertainty range [1]. Ambi-
guity aversion, together with linear damage, increases carbon cost in a
similar way as a low pure rate of time preference. Secondly, in combi-
nation with non-linear damage it makes policy responsive to changes in
climate data observations as it makes the household concerned about
misreading sudden increases in carbon concentration rate and temper-
ature as sources to global warming. Perfect ambiguity aversion results
in an infinite expected shadow carbon cost and a zero carbon-intensive
consumption path. Dynamic programming identifies an analytically
tractable solution to the model
On strategic incentives and the management of stochastic renewable resources
Get PDFThe thesis consists of four theoretical articles that can be read independently of each other on the common topic - strategic incentives in the management of natural resources. Article I concerns biodiversity conservation of essential species in sustaining the ecosystem. The issue is what forces that may explain why a natural resource stock declines although the government is running a conservation programme in a second-best solution. The focus is on the government's strategic behavior against the industry being a polluter. Ten forces are identified that explains why a resource may decline under a conservation programme. One result is that an increase in the variance of the natural growth process does not lead to an increase in investment in the emission-generating industry in the second-best solution, as in the first-best solution. In article II, a marine natural resource stock is exposed to harvest as well as damage by pollution from N countries. Each country has four decision variables: harvest effort, domestic production (generating transboundary pollution), abatement and research in environmental technology. It is shown that the marine resource is damaged `twice' as a result of a `chain effect' in the strategic incentives among the countries. A harvest function is introduced, which results in `tough' harvest efforts, implying that agents' effort increases the smaller the expected stock size as an extreme case of the `tragedy of the commons'. In article III, the classical upstream-downstream case is analyzed under the assumptions of the Coase theorem in a dynamic model. Different assignments of rights to determine the level of externality are compared to the case of no-cooperation. It is shown that the `efficiency proposition' does not necessarily hold. Specifically, a bargaining outcome may not be possible when downstream society has the right to determine the level of externality in the dynamic model as it may violate individual rationality of upstream society. In the fourth article - a technical note - it is shown in a that in most models with private provision of public goods, there exists a simple mechanism determining the reaction functions of the players
- …
