1,720,975 research outputs found
Energy and protein in critically Ill patients with AKI: A prospective, multicenter observational study using indirect calorimetry and protein catabolic rate
Get PDFThe optimal nutritional support in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) still remains an open issue. The present study was aimed at evaluating the validity of conventional predictive formulas for the calculation of both energy expenditure and protein needs in critically ill patients with AKI. A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted on adult patients hospitalized with AKI in three different intensive care units (ICU). Nutrient needs were estimated by different methods: the Guidelines of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) for both calories and proteins, the Harris-Benedict equation, the Penn-State and Faisy-Fagon equations for energy. Actual energy and protein needs were repeatedly measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) and protein catabolic rate (PCR) until oral nutrition start, hospital discharge or renal function recovery. Forty-two patients with AKI were enrolled, with 130 IC and 123 PCR measurements obtained over 654 days of artificial nutrition. No predictive formula was precise enough, and Bland-Altman plots wide limits of agreement for all equations highlight the potential to under-or overfeed individual patients. Conventional predictive formulas may frequently lead to incorrect energy and protein need estimation. In critically ill patients with AKI an increased risk for under-or overfeeding is likely when nutrient needs are estimated instead of measured
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Carbohydrate and Lipid Prescription, Administration, and Oxidation in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Post Hoc Analysis
No full textObjective: In a prospective multicenter study on adult patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) receiving enteral andor parenteral nutrition, administered carbohydrates and lipids were compared to the prescribed amounts, as well as to substrate utilization data derived from indirect calorimetry measurements.Methods: Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Nitrogen excretion was obtained from the protein catabolic rate calculated from urinary urea nitrogen when available and by urea kinetic-based methods in patients on renal replacement therapy. Fat and carbohydrate oxidations were derived from Frayn formulas.Results: Ninety-two REE measurements were available in 35 critically ill patients with AKI (16 on renal replacement therapy). The mean lipid oxidation rate was 101 g/24 h (standard deviation [SD] 73.8), whereas prescribed lipids were 67 g/24 h (SD 32; P < .001). Carbohydrate utilization was derived from the same REE measurements yielding a mean carbohydrate oxidation of 105.8 g/24 h (SD 131.8), thus, much lower than the prescribed carbohydrates (186.7 g/24 h; SD 74.3; P < .001). The amount of fat and carbohydrates administered correlated to the prescribed amount (r = 0.896 and r = 0.829, respectively). Further analysis showed that this nutritional pattern was independent from the presence of sepsis.Conclusion: Our study suggests that critically ill patients with AKI do not receive an amount of carbohydrate and lipids adequate to support their needs on the basis of measured substrate utilization data. Thus, current nutritional approach in these patients, based on commercial formulas, should be challenged with measured substrate utilization-guided nutritional support. (C) 2018 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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