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An inconvenient truth:The association between maximal strength training, rate of force development, one repetition maximum, work economy and quality of life amongst persons with inflammatory rheumatic disease.
No full textBakgrunn Revmatismer er klassifisert som kroniske, systemiske og autoimmune sykdommer. Symptomer inkluderer synovial betennelse, hovne ledd, deformasjon av brusk og beinstrukturer. Systemiske funksjoner som hjerte-, skjelett- og lungesykdommer er kjennetegn ved revmatiske pasienter. Vitenskapelige bevis har vist at maksimal styrketrening i den generelle befolkningen er effektiv for å øke muskelstyrken, arbeidsøkonomien, hastigheten på styrkeutvikling sammen med å redusere inflammatoriske cytokiner. Pasienter med inflammatorisk revmatisk sykdom (IRD) har redusert muskelstyrke og funksjonsevne sammenlignet med befolkningen generelt. Mål Målet med denne studien var å undersøke effektiviteten av maksimal styrketrening (MST) på frekvens av styrkeutvikling (RFD), en repetisjon maksimal (1RM) og arbeidsøkonomi (C). Samt undersøke dens rolle for effektiv smerte- og utmattethåndtering innen IRD-pasienter. Metoder Intervensjonsgruppen besto av syv pasienter, som alle var kvinner i alderen 40 ± 11,6 år med IRD-er ble rekruttert fra leger og terapeuter i Trøndelag-området. Disse pasientene gjennomgikk en tjuefire økt, åtte uker, tre ganger per uke, MST-treningsperiode. Pasientene utførte fire sett med fire repetisjoner dynamisk benpress med vekt på maksimal mobilisering av kraft i den konsentriske handlingen med en intensitet tilsvarende 85% av individene 1RM. Sammenligninger ble gjort med en kontrollgruppe, bestående av seks IRD-pasienter som ble utsatt for standard farmasøytisk behandling i en åtte ukers periode. Resultater Som en konsekvens av MST-perioden med 24 økter økte benpress 1RM betydelig (p = 0,018) med 29,3 ± 13,1 kg (22,5%) mer enn kontrollgruppen. Dynamisk RFD, målt på en MuscleLab kraftplate installert på det horisontale benpressapparatet, økte også betydelig sammenlignet med kontrollgruppen (p = 0,002) med 29,0 ± 246,6N / s (66,5%). Styrkeforbedringene i MST-gruppen førte til en gjennomsnittlig forbedring i arbeidsøkonomi med -2,54 mL min-1kg -0,76 (p = 0,003) målt ved en submaximal tredemølle-test. MST-gruppen forbedret livskvaliteten signifikant med henvisning til VAS-smerte (-10,6 mm, p = 0,001) og VAS-utmattelsesscore (-9,3 mm, p = 0,03). Konklusjon En åtte ukers, tjuefire økt MST-intervensjon hos IRD-pasienter ble godt tolerert uten bivirkninger registrert, resultatene som ble gitt var statistisk signifikante og klinisk relevante for behandling av IRD-pasienter. MST kan anbefales som en sikker behandling for personer med IRD.
Nøkkelord: inflammatorisk revmatisk sykdom, maksimal styrketrening, hastighet på styrkeutvikling, arbeidsøkonomi, smerter, tretthe
Tabata Training Does Not Improve Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Well-trained Women
Get PDFHensikt: Å sammenligne effekten av 8 x 20 sekunder supramaksimal Tabatatrening (TT) med 4 x 4 minutter høyintensitetsintervaller (HIIT) på 90 - 95% av HRmax på godt trente kvinner.
Metode: 12 friske og godt trente kvinner ble randomisert til enten TT (N = 7) eller HIIT (N = 5). Subjektene gjennomførte tre ukentlige treningsøkter under veiledning i åtte uker. Før og etter intervensjonsperioden ble maksimal oksygenopptak (V̇O2max), løpsøkonomi (RE), laktatterskel (LT), anaerob kapasitet (AC) og prestasjon på 300m og 3000m testet. All trening og testing ble gjennomført løpende på tredemølle, med unntak av prestasjonstestene som ble gjennomført på innendørs løpebane.
Resultat: V̇O2max økte signifikant mer etter åtte uker med HIIT enn åtte uker med TT. HIIT bedret V̇O2max fra 54.1 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 til 58.9 mL∙kg-1∙min-1, mens ingen signifikant endring ble observert etter TT. Prestasjon på både 300m og 3000m ble bedre i begge grupper, uten noe forskjell mellom gruppene. RE og AC endret seg ikke fra før til etter treningsperioden i noen av gruppene. Hastighet på LT økte i begge gruppene, mens V̇O2 på LT økte kun etter TT.
Konklusjon: Det konkluderes med at TT er en ineffektiv metode for å øke V̇O2max for kvinner som allerede er godt trent. I tillegg er det vist at 4 x 4 HIIT økte V̇O2max signifikant mer enn TT, noe som indikerer at HIIT er mer effektivt enn TT.Purpose: To compare the effects of 8 x 20 seconds supramaximal Tabata training (TT) to 4 x 4 minutes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) at 90 - 95% of HRmax on well-trained women.
Methods: 12 healthy, well-trained female subjects were randomized to either TT (N = 7) or HIIT (N = 5). The subjects conducted three weekly supervised sessions for eight weeks. Before and after the intervention, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), running economy (RE), lactate threshold (LT), anaerobic capacity (AC) and performance on 300m and 3000m were tested. All tests and training were done running on a treadmill, except the performance tests which was done on an indoor track field.
Results: V̇O2max improved significantly more following HIIT than following TT. HIIT improved V̇O2max from 54.1 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 to 58.9 mL∙kg-1∙min-1, while no significant change was observed following TT. Both 300m and 3000m performance improved in both groups with no difference between groups. RE and AC did not change from pre- to post training in neither of the groups. Velocity at LT increased in both groups, while V̇O2 at LT increased following TT only.
Conclusion: It is concluded that TT is an ineffective strategy for improving V̇O2max in already well-trained women. Furthermore, the 4 x 4 minutes HIIT protocol improved V̇O2max significantly more than TT, indicating that HIIT is more effective than TT.
Keywords: High-intensity interval training, Anaerobic capacity, Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit, Lactate threshold, Anaerobic threshold, Running economy, Work economy, Tabata, Sprint interval training, Running performance, Maximal oxygen uptake
Tabata vs. 4 x 4 HIIT: What is the difference and which is better for improving VO2max in moderately trained females
Get PDFAim: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 x 4 high-intensity interval
training (HIIT) versus running Tabata on endurance performance and it`s determinants in
moderately trained females. Methods: 26 healthy, non-smoking recreationally endurance
trained females were randomized to complete HIIT (N=13) or Tabata (N=13) for three times a
week over 8 weeks. Both modalities included treadmill running, HIIT was performed as 4x4
minutes intervals at 90-95% (HRmax) interspersed with 3-minute active recovery at ~70% HRmax
between intervals. Tabata was performed as 8x20 seconds supramaximal intensity intermittent
training separated with a 10 second rest. Results: No significant group difference was observed
between groups in VO2max from pre- to post testing. VO2max increased by 4.2 % after HIIT (51.4- 53.5 mL∙kg-1∙min-1), no change occurred in Tabata. Improvements in VO2max was connected to a
4.1 % increase in O2 pulse ensuing HIIT. Work economy (C) improved significantly following
both HIIT and Tabata with no significant difference between the groups. Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit MAOD improved significantly 10.4% (69.4-76.0 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) ensuing Tabata,
while changes were not significant after HIIT. 3000-meter performance was significantly
improved by 4.6 % (911-870 seconds) following HIIT and 4.5% (870-830 seconds) following
Tabata, with no significant difference between the groups. 300-meter performance improved
significantly more after Tabata. Within groups the improvements were 2.2% (56.4-55.1
seconds) after HIIT and 5.6% (57.7- 54.3 seconds) after Tabata. Conclusion: Tabata is an
ineffective approach to improve VO2max in moderately trained females compared with HIIT.
However, when evaluating anaerobic capacity as MAOD and anaerobic performance on 300
meter run Tabata were superior to HIIT
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Tabata vs. 4 x 4 HIIT: What is the difference and which is better for improving VO2max in moderately trained females
No full textAim: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 x 4 high-intensity interval
training (HIIT) versus running Tabata on endurance performance and it`s determinants in
moderately trained females. Methods: 26 healthy, non-smoking recreationally endurance
trained females were randomized to complete HIIT (N=13) or Tabata (N=13) for three times a
week over 8 weeks. Both modalities included treadmill running, HIIT was performed as 4x4
minutes intervals at 90-95% (HRmax) interspersed with 3-minute active recovery at ~70% HRmax
between intervals. Tabata was performed as 8x20 seconds supramaximal intensity intermittent
training separated with a 10 second rest. Results: No significant group difference was observed
between groups in VO2max from pre- to post testing. VO2max increased by 4.2 % after HIIT (51.4- 53.5 mL∙kg-1∙min-1), no change occurred in Tabata. Improvements in VO2max was connected to a
4.1 % increase in O2 pulse ensuing HIIT. Work economy (C) improved significantly following
both HIIT and Tabata with no significant difference between the groups. Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit MAOD improved significantly 10.4% (69.4-76.0 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) ensuing Tabata,
while changes were not significant after HIIT. 3000-meter performance was significantly
improved by 4.6 % (911-870 seconds) following HIIT and 4.5% (870-830 seconds) following
Tabata, with no significant difference between the groups. 300-meter performance improved
significantly more after Tabata. Within groups the improvements were 2.2% (56.4-55.1
seconds) after HIIT and 5.6% (57.7- 54.3 seconds) after Tabata. Conclusion: Tabata is an
ineffective approach to improve VO2max in moderately trained females compared with HIIT.
However, when evaluating anaerobic capacity as MAOD and anaerobic performance on 300
meter run Tabata were superior to HIIT
Tabata Training Does Not Improve Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Well-trained Women
No full textHensikt: Å sammenligne effekten av 8 x 20 sekunder supramaksimal Tabatatrening (TT) med 4 x 4 minutter høyintensitetsintervaller (HIIT) på 90 - 95% av HRmax på godt trente kvinner.
Metode: 12 friske og godt trente kvinner ble randomisert til enten TT (N = 7) eller HIIT (N = 5). Subjektene gjennomførte tre ukentlige treningsøkter under veiledning i åtte uker. Før og etter intervensjonsperioden ble maksimal oksygenopptak (V̇O2max), løpsøkonomi (RE), laktatterskel (LT), anaerob kapasitet (AC) og prestasjon på 300m og 3000m testet. All trening og testing ble gjennomført løpende på tredemølle, med unntak av prestasjonstestene som ble gjennomført på innendørs løpebane.
Resultat: V̇O2max økte signifikant mer etter åtte uker med HIIT enn åtte uker med TT. HIIT bedret V̇O2max fra 54.1 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 til 58.9 mL∙kg-1∙min-1, mens ingen signifikant endring ble observert etter TT. Prestasjon på både 300m og 3000m ble bedre i begge grupper, uten noe forskjell mellom gruppene. RE og AC endret seg ikke fra før til etter treningsperioden i noen av gruppene. Hastighet på LT økte i begge gruppene, mens V̇O2 på LT økte kun etter TT.
Konklusjon: Det konkluderes med at TT er en ineffektiv metode for å øke V̇O2max for kvinner som allerede er godt trent. I tillegg er det vist at 4 x 4 HIIT økte V̇O2max signifikant mer enn TT, noe som indikerer at HIIT er mer effektivt enn TT
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Aerobic High-Intensity Interval Training Improve VO2max More Than Sprint Interval Training
Get PDFPurpose: To compare the effects of sprint interval training (SIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on endurance performance and endurance performance determinants.
Methods: Twenty-three healthy, trained female subjects were randomly assigned to either 10x30-second SIT (30 sec of running at “all-out” intensity separated by 3.5 min of active recovery) or 4x4-minute HIIT (4 min of running at 90-95% HRmax followed by 3 min of active recovery at 70% HRmax). Both protocols were performed 3 d·wk-1 for 8 wk.
Results: HIIT resulted in significantly larger improvement in absolute VO2max, compared to SIT (3.6% vs -0.5%, respectively). This was accompanied by a larger improvement in vVO2max (P < 0.01) and a lower HR at submaximal velocities in HIIT compared to SIT. Only HIIT improved vLT (P < 0.001) and O2 pulse (P < 0.01) and tended to improve more than SIT (both P < 0.06). Both groups improved RE and 3000m running performance with no difference between groups. Only SIT improved anaerobic capacity (9.5%), had a higher session RPE-score (P < 0.001) and improved 300m performance more compared to HIIT (6.2% vs 2.2%, respectively). Of the 17 subjects allocated to SIT, 6 dropped out due to injuries related to the protocol.
Conclusion: 4x4-minute HIIT is significantly more effective to improve VO2max compared to 10x30-second SIT in trained females. As SIT resulted in a high injury rate and a higher perceived exertion, a running SIT-protocol is not recommended unless the goal is to improve anaerobic capacity and sprint performance
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