56 research outputs found
jamesrco/LipidPhotoOxBox: LipidPhotoOxBox v1.0.0
No full textInitial release of data and code in LipidPhotoOxBox to support Collins, J. R., H. F. Fredricks, J. M. Diaz, J. S. Bowman, C. P. Ward, C. Moreno, K. Longnecker, A. Marchetti, C. M. Hansel, H. W. Ducklow, and B. A. S. Van Mooy (2017), The diverse products and biogeochemical significance of lipid photooxidation in coastal surface waters of West Antarctica
Ruhe, Helen (Death, 1882-08-23)
No full textAddress: 19 Franklin St.Age at death: 40 yrsPg 150/1882/484/F W M/Germany/Dr. Fredricks/Hackman/St. Mary'sOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'ROUS-RUNK'
Quantitative exploration of the fundamental microbial processes that contribute to the accumulation of natural biofilms on ships’ hulls
No full textThe mutual interplay between calcification and coccolithovirus infection
No full text© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Johns, C. T., Grubb, A. R., Nissimov, J. I., Natale, F., Knapp, V., Mui, A., Fredricks, H. F., Van Mooy, B. A. S., & Bidle, K. D. The mutual interplay between calcification and coccolithovirus infection. Environmental Microbiology, 21(6), (2019): 1896-1915, doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14362.Two prominent characteristics of marine coccolithophores are their secretion of coccoliths and their susceptibility to infection by coccolithoviruses (EhVs), both of which display variation among cells in culture and in natural populations. We examined the impact of calcification on infection by challenging a variety of Emiliania huxleyi strains at different calcification states with EhVs of different virulence. Reduced cellular calcification was associated with increased infection and EhV production, even though calcified cells and associated coccoliths had significantly higher adsorption coefficients than non‐calcified (naked) cells. Sialic acid glycosphingolipids, molecules thought to mediate EhV infection, were generally more abundant in calcified cells and enriched in purified, sorted coccoliths, suggesting a biochemical link between calcification and adsorption rates. In turn, viable EhVs impacted cellular calcification absent of lysis by inducing dramatic shifts in optical side scatter signals and a massive release of detached coccoliths in a subpopulation of cells, which could be triggered by resuspension of healthy, calcified host cells in an EhV‐free, ‘induced media’. Our findings show that calcification is a key component of the E. huxleyi‐EhV arms race and an aspect that is critical both to the modelling of these host–virus interactions in the ocean and interpreting their impact on the global carbon cycle.We thank Liti Haramaty for her guidance and assistance in culturing and infection experiments. This research was funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF3301 to BVM and KDB and GBMF3789 to KDB) and the National Science Foundation (OCE‐1537951 and OCE‐1559179 to KDB)
(Table T2) Relative signal intensity of intact polar lipids in sediments from ODP Sites 207-1257 and 207-1258
No full textWe report results from the analysis of intact polar lipids (IPLs) in sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1257 and 1258. IPLs, constituting the cell membranes of living organisms, were detected in organic-lean sediments but not in underlying organic-rich black shales. Microbial activity in organic-lean sediments is likely due to sulfate-dependent oxidation of methane whereas difficulties detecting IPLs in black shales are interpreted to result from unfavorable signal-to-noise ratios due to low cell concentrations in combination with extremely high analytical noise created by uncharacterized organic matrix. IPLs found are consistent with a low-diversity community of archaea and bacteria. The concentrations of IPLs are more than one order of magnitude lower than those in Neogene deep subsurface sediments at the Peruvian margin, suggestive of significantly lower cell concentrations in Demerara Rise. This finding is consistent with inferred low rates of subsurface microbial activity
Bacterial and eukaryotic intact polar lipids in the eastern subtropical South Pacific: Water-column distribution, planktonic sources, and fatty acid composition
No full textTargeted and untargeted lipidomic analysis of haptophyte cultures reveals novel and divergent nutrient-stress adaptations
No full text© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Lowenstein, D. P., Mayers, K., Fredricks, H. F., & Van Mooy, B. A. S. Targeted and untargeted lipidomic analysis of haptophyte cultures reveals novel and divergent nutrient-stress adaptations. Organic Geochemistry, 161, (2021): 104315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104315.Lipids comprise a significant, highly plastic proportion of the biomass in haptophytes, a ubiquitous, globally significant, and genetically diverse clade of photosynthetic microalgae. Recent studies have investigated the cellular lipidomes of disparate, individual species of haptophytes under nutrient-replete and nutrient-limited conditions, but have not investigated how lipidomes vary across the larger evolutionary clade or its ecological functional groups. We cultured eight species of haptophytes, including five strains of Emiliania huxleyi, for analysis via high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution accurate mass–mass spectrometry (HPLC–HRAM–MS), and performed untargeted computational and hierarchical cluster analyses on their lipidomes. We identified similarities and differences in lipidomes along both evolutionary and ecological lines, and identified potential biomarkers for haptophyte sub-clades, including 38 glycosphingolipids, seven betaine-like lipids, and three phosphatidyl-S,S-dimethylpropanethiol (PDPT) sulfo-phospholipids. We also provide the first evidence for the glycolipid, glucuronosyldiacylglycerol, in eukaryotic microalgae. We conducted a more targeted study of four haptophyte species under nitrogen- and phosphorus-limited conditions to investigate their lipidomic responses to nutrient stress. Under N- and P-limitation, the species exhibited disparate lipidomic responses. Uniquely, in response to N-limitation, E. huxleyi CCMP 374 heavily upregulated PDPT from 3.6 ± 0.9% to 10.4 ± 1.5% of quantified polar lipids. These previously uncharacterized lipidomes and responses to nutrient limitation reflect divergent evolutionary strategies and challenge popular phenotypic extrapolations between species.This work was funded by a grant to B.A.S.V.M. from the Simons Foundation (#721229) and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (#5703). Support was also provided through grants to B.A.S.V.M. from the National Science Foundation (#17562524 and #2022597). Support for K.M. was provided by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council in the form of a SPITFIRE Doctoral Training Partnership (# NE/L002531/1)
Coordinated transformation of the gut microbiome and lipidome of bowhead whales provides novel insights into digestion
No full text© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Miller, C. A., Holm, H. C., Horstmann, L., George, J. C., Fredricks, H. F., Van Mooy, B. A. S., & Apprill, A. Coordinated transformation of the gut microbiome and lipidome of bowhead whales provides novel insights into digestion. ISME Journal, 14, (2019): 688-701, doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0549-y.Whale digestion plays an integral role in many ocean ecosystems. By digesting enormous quantities of lipid-rich prey, whales support their energy intensive lifestyle, but also excrete nutrients important to ocean biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, whale digestion is poorly understood. Gastrointestinal microorganisms play a significant role in vertebrate digestion, but few studies have examined them in whales. To investigate digestion of lipids, and the potential contribution of microbes to lipid digestion in whales, we characterized lipid composition (lipidomes) and bacterial communities (microbiotas) in 126 digesta samples collected throughout the gastrointestinal tracts of 38 bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) harvested by Alaskan Eskimos. Lipidomes and microbiotas were strongly correlated throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Lipidomes and microbiotas were most variable in the small intestine and most similar in the large intestine, where microbiota richness was greatest. Our results suggest digestion of wax esters, the primary lipids in B. mysticetus prey representing more than 80% of total dietary lipids, occurred in the mid- to distal small intestine and was correlated with specific microorganisms. Because wax esters are difficult to digest by other marine vertebrates and constitute a large reservoir of carbon in the ocean, our results further elucidate the essential roles that whales and their gastrointestinal microbiotas play in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients in high-latitude seas.Devonshire Foundation (to CAM), Marine Mammal Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI; to CAM), WHOI Ocean Life Institute (to AA and CAM), Dalio Foundation’s Dalio Ocean Initiative (now ‘OceanX’) (to AA), National Science Foundation (OCE-1756254 and OPP-1543328 to BASVM). Samples were collected under Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service permit numbers 17350-00, 17350-01, and 17350-02 to North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management
Whole community metatranscriptomes and lipidomes reveal diverse responses among antarctic phytoplankton to changing ice conditions
No full text© The Author(s), 2021 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bowman, J. S., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Lowenstein, D. P., Fredricks, H. F., Hansel, C. M., Gast, R., Collins, J. R., Couto, N., & Ducklow, H. W. Whole community metatranscriptomes and lipidomes reveal diverse responses among antarctic phytoplankton to changing ice conditions. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8,(2021): 593566, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.593566.The transition from winter to spring represents a major shift in the basal energy source for the Antarctic marine ecosystem from lipids and other sources of stored energy to sunlight. Because sea ice imposes a strong control on the transmission of sunlight into the water column during the polar spring, we hypothesized that the timing of the sea ice retreat influences the timing of the transition from stored energy to photosynthesis. To test the influence of sea ice on water column microbial energy utilization we took advantage of unique sea ice conditions in Arthur Harbor, an embayment near Palmer Station on the western Antarctic Peninsula, during the 2015 spring–summer seasonal transition. Over a 5-week period we sampled water from below land-fast sea ice, in the marginal ice zone at nearby Palmer Station B, and conducted an ice removal experiment with incubations of water collected below the land-fast ice. Whole-community metatranscriptomes were paired with lipidomics to better understand how lipid production and utilization was influenced by light conditions. We identified several different phytoplankton taxa that responded similarly to light by the number of genes up-regulated, and in the transcriptional complexity of this response. We applied a principal components analysis to these data to reduce their dimensionality, revealing that each of these taxa exhibited a strikingly different pattern of gene up-regulation. By correlating the changes in lipid concentration to the first principal component of log fold-change for each taxa we could make predictions about which taxa were associated with different changes in the community lipidome. We found that genes coding for the catabolism of triacylglycerol storage lipids were expressed early on in phytoplankton associated with a Fragilariopsis kerguelensis reference transcriptome. Phytoplankton associated with a Corethron pennatum reference transcriptome occupied an adjacent niche, responding favorably to higher light conditions than F. kerguelensis. Other diatom and dinoflagellate taxa had distinct transcriptional profiles and correlations to lipids, suggesting diverse ecological strategies during the polar winter–spring transition.JB was supported by NSF-OPP 1641019, NSF-OPP 1846837, and the Simons Foundation Early Career Marine Microbial Investigator program. BV, DL and JC were supported by NSF (OPP-1543328 and OCE-1756254). CH was supported by NSF OCE-1355720. The Palmer LTER project is support by NSF-OPP 1440435. A small-scale Community Sequencing Project (CSP) award from the DOE Joint Genome Institute supported part of the sequencing effort
A MIQE-Compliant Real-Time PCR Assay for Aspergillus Detection
No full textPMCID: PMC3393739This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
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