1,721,022 research outputs found
Role of anterior cingulate cortex inputs to periaqueductal gray for pain avoidance
No full textAlthough pain-related excessive fear is known to be a key factor in chronic pain disability, which involves the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), little is known about the downstream circuits of the ACC for fear avoidance in pain processing. Using behavioral experiments and functional magnetic resonance imaging with optogenetics at 15.2 T, we demonstrate that the ACC is a part of the abnormal circuit changes in chronic pain and its downstream circuits are closely related to modulating sensorimotor integration and generating active movement rather than carrying sensory information. The projection from the ACC to the dorsolateral and lateral parts of the periaqueductal gray (dl/lPAG) especially enhances both reflexive and active avoidance behavior toward pain. Collectively, our results indicate that increased signals from the ACC to the dl/lPAG might be critical for excessive fear avoidance in chronic pain disability. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.11Nsciescopu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
생체신호와 질병간의 유사도를 이용한 개인 유전체의 기능을 잃어버린 유전자 집합에 대한 분석.
No full text학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의과학과, 2012. 8. 김주한.개인 유전체 프로젝트를 통해서 다양한 인간의 변이가 보고 되었고, 질병의 원인으로 생각되는 유전적 요인도 많이 찾게 되었다. 유전에 의해서 발병하는 유전병과 단일 유전자질환에 관해서는 많은 연구가 이루어졌으며 실제로도 많은 요인을 발견하였다. 따라서 개인의 표현형에 영향을 줄 수 있는 이러한 변이정보를 수집하고 분석하는데 초점을 두고 있지만 모든 변이가 인간에게 유해한 것은 아니다. 실제로 유해하다고 생각되는 돌연변이는 이미 개체수준에서 제거되었기 때문이다. 하지만 최근 발표된 연구발표에 따르면 건강한 사람이라도 개인당 100여개의 기능을 잃은 단일염기성변이를 지니고 있으며, 최대 20여개의 작동하지 않는 유전자를 가지고 있다고 보고하였다. 그러나 우리는 기능을 잃은 유전자를 갖고 있다 하더라도 정상적으로 살아가고 있다. 이는 위험한 열성 질환에 대한 대립 유전형질을 이형접합체 상태로 갖고 있기 때문에 현세대에서는 위험이 없지만 다음 세대에서는 곧 발병할 수 있는 원인 돌연변이가 될 수 있는 것이다.
우리는 여기서 개인 유전체에서 찾은 기능을 잃은 유전자 들을 생명현상에 근거하여 임상학적으로 접근하여 분석해 보았다. 첫째, 개인이 갖고 있는 작동하지 않는 유전자들을 찾고 여기서 찾은 유전자들과 각 생체신호의 요소 유전자들과의 공유 정도를 계산한다. 둘째, 특정 질병과 유전자의 관계 정보를 모아놓은 데이터베이스를 통해 각각의 질병과 연관이 있다고 알려진 유전자들과 생체신호의 구성요소 유전자들과의 공유 정도를 통해 질병과 생체신호간의 유사도를 구한다. 마지막으로, 개인의 기능을 잃어버린 유전자와 생체신호 구성 유전자들과의 유사도를 계산한 벡터와 질병과 생체신호간의 유사도 벡터에 대한 피어슨 상관계수를 구하고 그 값을 내림차순으로 정렬한다. 상관계수가 클 수록 개인과 생체신호간의 유전자 공유도와 질병과 생체신호간의 유전자 공유도가 높다는 의미로 이는 개인의 기능을 잃은 유전자들이 해당 질병과 관련이 크다라는 결론을 내릴 수 있으며 질병을 예측하는데 있어서 생체신호 정보가 더 사용된 것이다. 실제 기능을 잃은 개인의 유전자 중 현재까지 파킨슨 병과 관련이 있다고 알려져 있는 유전자는 없음에도 우리가 분석한 한 명의 샘플에서 파킨슨 병과 관련이 크다고 보고 되었다. 이렇듯 개인의 작동하지 않는 유전자 집합을 통해서 잠재적으로 발병할 수 있는 질환을 알아낼 수 있으며, 임상학적 평가에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있다.Personal genome projects discovered usual and unusual human variations and genetic factors associated with certain diseases. Genetic and monogenic diseases are actively researched among researchers and they have discovered many causative loci. Accordingly, variations that affect human phenotype are focused and discovered in many cases, however, a few mutations is deleterious to human health. Besides, mutations of essential genes are purified by selections. However, recent study identified that human genome carries up to 100 LoF variants predicted to affect transcript and 20 completely inactivated genes. Those of who carry broken genes still survive without severe clinical abnormalities. Healthy people always carry deleterious variants – severe recessive disease allele in the heterozygous state – and the variants will become causal disease variants within a few generations.
Here we examined the potential effects of a set of LoF genes that share biological functions in clinical context. First, we found LoF genes of individual and calculate the proportion of shared genes between personal broken genes and each pathway member genes. Second, we queried disease-gene association database to identify genes with known associations with diseases and then compute pathway-disease similarity. Lastly, Pearsons correlation was applied to calculate between personage-pathway and disease-pathway similarity vectors and we ordered by highest to lowest coefficient values of correlations. The higher coefficient value, the higher proportion of shared genes between phenotype associated gene list and individual LoF gene list. It suggests that a subject is highly connected to a certain disorder based on pathway information. We found that there is a higher correlation between an individual similarity vector and Parkinson disease similarity vector although none of individual LoF gene is associated with Parkinson disease directly. Our results suggest that LoF gene-set wise approach is useful for finding potential disease risk of personal genome and relevant biological features are helpful for clinical assessment.Abstract i
Contents ⅲ
List of Tables ⅳ
List of Figures ⅴ
Introduction 1
Material and Methods 3
Result 7
Discussion 10
References 12
Abstract in Korean 52Maste
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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