130,670 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Benjamin F. Husten and Emory D. Heberling adjusting the first NBS Atomic Clock circa 1949
No full textBenjamin F. Husten (left) and Emory D. Heberling (right) of the National Bureau of Standards Central Radio Propagation Laboratory, Microwave Standards section, are shown making adjustments to the amplifier and power supply circuits of NBS's first atomic clock, an ammonia molecule clock developed by NBS from 1948-1949. The amount of equipment shown is larger than needed for the clock alone since some of the instruments are for measurements and performance tests. The circuits essential to the operation of this atomic clock could be condensed into one of the two cabinet racks. Circa 1949.
This image is part of the Atomic Clock collection. The Atomic Clock collection is comprised of images documenting the development of the atomic clocks at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The NBS atomic clock program sought to provide a spectroscopic standard capable of being used as a new atomic standard of time and frequency to replace the mean solar day and so change the arbitrary units of time to atomic ones
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Retention of Latex Colloids on Calcite as a Function of Surface Roughness and Topography
No full textAdhesion of colloidal particles to mineral and rock surfaces is important for environmental and technological processes. Surface topography variations of mineral and rock surfaces at the submicrometer scale may play a significant role in colloid retention in the environment. Here, we present colloid deposition data on calcite as a function of submicrometer surface roughness based on surface data over a field of view of several square millimeters, sufficient to trace the pattern of common inhomogeneities on mineral surfaces. A freshly cleaved calcite crystal was reacted to produce a well-defined etch pit density of similar to 3.4 +/- 1.2 to 8.3 +/- 1.6 [10(-3) mu m(-2)] and etch pit depth ranging from similar to 4 to 50 nm. This surface was exposed at the point of zero charge (PZC) of calcite to a colloidal suspension. We used a bimodal particle size distribution of nonfunctionalized polystyrene latex spheres with average diameters of 499 and 903 nm. Vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) was applied to quantify calcite surface topography variations its well as the retention of latex colloids. For both particle sizes, the experiments showed a positive correlation between the surface roughness (Rq) and the number of adsorbed particles. Etch pits were preferred sites for colloidal deposition in contrast to surface steps. The majority of adsorbed particles were trapped at etch pit walls compared to etch pit bottoms. Increasing pit density (D) and depth (d) resulted in an increase of colloidal retention. Deposition of smaller particles exceeded that of the larger-sized fraction of the bimodal system investigated here. Our results show that colloidal deposition at rough mineral and rock surfaces is an important geochemical process. The results about surface roughness dependent particle adsorption will foster the understanding and predictability of colloidal retention for a multitude of natural and technical processes
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