713 research outputs found
Analytical Methods for Microplastics in Environments: Current Advances and Challenges
No full textNumerous studies have shown the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. As an emerging global contaminant, the concentrations of MPs need to be evaluated, to assess its impacts on ecosystems and humans. This chapter reviews the development of analytical approaches from sample collection to MP characterization and quantification. This chapter contains a critical overview and a comparative assessment of sampling and sample preparation procedures for water, soil,sediment, biological, and atmosphere samples. We discuss sample preparation techniques such as flotation, filtration, digestion of organic matter, and analytical techniques such as morphological and physical classification, identification, and quantification of MPs. Furthermore, we address the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, compare MP assay methods for different environment matrices, and discuss the challenges in the establishment of standard methods. In future research, it will be important to develop efficient assay protocol, such as basing on fully or semiautomated analysis, and to improve the accuracy of identification and quantification for MPs, especially nanoplastics
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Creating Amitabha: The Deification of Yongming Yanshou From the Wuyue to the Ming
No full textYongming Yanshou (904-975) was an influential Buddhist figure during the Wuyue Period (907-978) known for his writings, teachings, and tenure as abbot at Lingyin Temple 靈隱寺 and Yongming Temple 永明寺 (later known as Jingci Temple 淨慈寺). A look at his early biographies, such as his biography included in the Song gaoseng zhuan 宋高僧傳 [Song Biographies of Eminent Monks] (988), indicates that he was an eminent monk worthy of veneration. Yet, by the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) the narrative surrounding his life had changed significantly. He was being claimed as an incarnation of Amitabha Buddha and was worshiped as such. This study attempts to discover how this drastic change to Yanshou’s narrative developed. By tracing through Yanshou’s biographies it is evident his narrative was manipulated, growing his spiritual powers and abilities, slowly deifying him in the process. By the time of the Ming Dynasty these changes to Yanshou’s narrative had been fossilized. Three individuals named Yuanjin Dahuo (1576-1627), Yu Chunxi (jinshi 1583), and Huang Ruheng (1558-1626) were deeply influenced by the Yanshou they knew in the Ming. After rediscovering Yanshou’s relics, these three individuals produced a new biography of Yanshou, the Yongming daoji 永明道蹟 [Traces of Yongming’s Path] (1607), as an effort to raise funds to build a new stupa for Yanshou at Jingci Temple. Within the Yongming daoji, and in later records surrounding the building of Yanshou’s stupa that are collected in the Chijian jingci sizhi 勅建淨慈寺志 [Officially Built Jingci Temple Monastic Gazetteer] (1805), Dahuo, Yu, and Huang claimed Yanshou was an incarnation of Amitabha Buddha, Dahuo being the first to do so. Yu and Huang later interpolated Yanshou’s narrative by including four known figures as other incarnations of Yanshou and Amitabha (two having lived before Yanshou’s birth and two living after his death). By placing Yanshou within a series of incarnations Yu and Huang were able to solidify their claim of Yanshou as an incarnation of Amitabha. Yanshou was thereby fully deified into Amitabha during the Ming Dynasty
Fig. 8 in Relative contribution of LOX10, green leaf volatiles and JA to woundinduced local and systemic oxylipin and hormone signature in Zea mays (maize)
No full textFig. 8. Volatiles emitted in wounded leaves of WT, lox10 and opr7opr8. (A) GLVs; (B) 13-LOX-derived C5 volatiles; (C) Volatile terpenes and indole. Volatiles were collected for 1 h after wounding. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 6). Different letters show significant differences (one-way ANOVA, S–N–K, P <0.05).Published as part of He, Yongming, Borrego, Eli J., Gorman, Zachary, Huang, Pei-Cheng & Kolomiets, Michael V., 2020, Relative contribution of LOX10, green leaf volatiles and JA to woundinduced local and systemic oxylipin and hormone signature in Zea mays (maize), pp. 1-15 in Phytochemistry (112334) 174 on page 11, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112334, http://zenodo.org/record/829494
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Texts within Texts: The Avataṃsaka in Yongming Yanshou’s Records of the Source-Mirror
Full text linkIn this project, I use the case study of the monk Yongming Yanshou 永明延壽 (904–976) of the state of Wuyue 吳越 to discuss the relationship between hagiographies and factional categorization, and I examine the ways he understood, related to, and used textual sources from other Buddhist doctrines in his writing. I extrapolate a definition of Chan Buddhism for Yanshou’s case specifically, and I argue that the perceived and portrayed boundaries of Chinese Buddhism during this time, doctrinal, textual, factional, or otherwise, were much more fluid and dynamic than they were recently understood to be. I argue that our understanding of Chan Buddhism should be reframed as a polythetic class to reflect the plurality of Chan and Buddhism in general
The Axiom of the One-Mind: Li 理 ("Principle") and Yongming Yanshou's Ontological Paradigm
No full textYongming Yanshou has been defined in previous scholarship as a "Chan Master," though I contend this designation does little to clarify the type of Buddhism he professed. In this thesis I argue that Yanshou viewed the Chan tradition as a movement completely integrated with the scriptural-based Chinese Buddhist traditions of his day, and Chan lineage, a primary feature around which the Song Chan tradition would base themselves, was only of peripheral concern. Instead, Yanshou took the Chan teachings and the scriptural traditions present in the mid-tenth century and organized them all under the "axiom of the one-mind" (yixin zong). This axiom formed the ontological foundation on which all of Yanshou's Buddhist theory and concepts are based, and through an investigation centering around the concept of li ("principle") in the extant writings of both Yanshou and Zongmi, I argue that Yanshou equated the one-mind (yixin) with li in a way that Zongmi never did, and li for Yanshou became synonymous with the axiom of the one-mind as Yanshou's ontic basis.ThesisMaster of Arts (MA
Synthesis, characterization and ferroelectric properties of lead-free K₀.₅Na₀.₅NbO₃nanotube arrays
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Di Zhou (周迪)Author name used in this publication: Haoshuang Gu (顾豪爽)Author name used in this publication: Yongming Hu (胡永明)Author name used in this publication: Huyong Tian (田虎永)Author name used in this publication: Zhao Wang (王钊)Author name used in this publication: Zheli Qian (钱哲理)Author name used in this publication: Yu Wang (王雨)2010-2011 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishedVoR allowe
Holocene vegetation history and responses to climate and sea-level change in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China
Full text linkTo reconstruct the Holocene vegetation history from Liaohe Delta in northeast (NE) China, a high-resolution palynological study on a well-dated sediment core ZK2 was conducted. The pollen record of ZK2 suggests that during the early Holocene, the regional vegetation in the plain was meadow-dominated by Artemisia. And forest with cool-temperate conifers and temperate broad-leaved trees were present in the nearby hills, which is coincident with the gradual climate warming and delta transgression. From mid-Holocene to early late Holocene, meadow vegetation with Artemisia was relatively stable, while the forest vegetation with broadleaved trees reached the maximum expansion in the nearby hills. The large expansion of broadleaved trees indicates warm and humid regional environmental conditions and this is coincidental with the relatively high regional sea-level stand during this period. Since ca. 1470 cal yr BP, with the continuous delta progradation, a large coastal region was colonized by Suaeda spp., which suggests that the formation of unique red beach wetlands along the coastal region of the Liaohe Delta. By analysis of pollen dispersal and transportation mechanism in surface sediments of Liaodong Bay, it is indicated that the percentage changes of arboreal pollen dominated by Pinus and Quercus and the non-arboreal pollen dominated by Amaranthaceae and Artemisia in core ZK2 may as an index refers to the local sea level oscillation and paleoclimate change. Then by comparison with previous multi-proxy records together with the surface sediment record from Liaodong Bay, it is suggested that the Holocene vegetation changes of the Liaohe Delta are mainly driven by the intensity changes of East Asia monsoon and regional sea-level oscillation
Time Domain Strain/Stress Reconstruction Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition: Numerical Study and Experimental Validation
Full text linkabstract: Structural health monitoring has been studied by a number of researchers as well as various industries to keep up with the increasing demand for preventive maintenance routines. This work presents a novel method for reconstruct prompt, informed strain/stress responses at the hot spots of the structures based on strain measurements at remote locations. The structural responses measured from usage monitoring system at available locations are decomposed into modal responses using empirical mode decomposition. Transformation equations based on finite element modeling are derived to extrapolate the modal responses from the measured locations to critical locations where direct sensor measurements are not available. Then, two numerical examples (a two-span beam and a 19956-degree of freedom simplified airfoil) are used to demonstrate the overall reconstruction method. Finally, the present work investigates the effectiveness and accuracy of the method through a set of experiments conducted on an aluminium alloy cantilever beam commonly used in air vehicle and spacecraft. The experiments collect the vibration strain signals of the beam via optical fiber sensors. Reconstruction results are compared with theoretical solutions and a detailed error analysis is also provided
Onset of plasticity of helium-implanted ferritic/martensitic steels during nanoindentation
Full text linkThe onset of plasticity during nanoindentation is a new method to investigate the irradiation damage of structural materials in fission and fusion reactors. In this paper, nanoindentation experiment was carried out to helium implanted F82H-IEA and nano-sized oxide dispersion strengthened F82H-ODS steels for studying the elastic-plastic transition at a constant loading rate. The onset of plasticity shifted after helium implantation. By a statistical thermal activation model, activation volume was extracted to discuss the strength of barrier for dislocation motion. The results reveal an increase in the pinning force and number density of effective obstacles for dislocation motion in He-implanted F82H-IEA, and a decrease in the local pinning force without changing the density of effective obstacles in He-implanted F82H-ODS
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