290 research outputs found
The Process of Cao Cao’s Attainment of Legitimacy for the Wei Dynasty: The Conferral of Shuli
No full textWhile it is a fact that the Han Dynasty was eventually succeeded by the Wei Dynasty, it was Liu Bei 劉備, blood descendant of former Han Emperor Jing and emperor of the Shuhan Kingdom, who had the natural claim as Han successor, meaning that the Wei Kingdom did not possess legitimacy at the beginning. Therefore, it is important when considering the legitimacy of the Wei Dynasty to ask the question of how the Wei was able to overcome its disadvantage in terms of genealogy and establish itself as the Han successor. This article discusses the historical background to the Wei’s attainment of legitimacy through the Han-Wei transition (shanrang 禅譲) by focusing on the concept of shuli 殊礼(lit. special privilege or distinction), which was bestowed by Emperor Xian 献帝of the existing Han Dynasty to Cao Cao 曹操, the actual founder of the succeeding Wei Dynasty. From the fact that Cao Cao was appointed chancellor, privilege based on the “tradition of Xiao He 蕭何” can be thought of as a qualification of him as a Han prime minister. However, in order for the bestowal of shuli to be placed in the proper chain of events, the “tradition” should be understood as the starting point of Cao Cao’s transcendence from Han vassal to Wei Dynasty founder. The nine highest privileges for any vassa1 (jiuci 九錫) that were bestowed on Cao Cao in the next year of bestowal of privilege based on the “tradition of Xiao He” were kinds of shuli based on the old order. These included the appointment of Cao Cao as Lord of Wei with the introduction of five classes of peerage, the granting of nine privileges accorded to feudatory princes (zhuhouwang 諸侯王), thus recognizing the establishment of the Wei as a principality and assuring Cao Cao as its de facto prince. Next came the bestowal of privileges based on the traditions of “Prince Qiang 彊 of Donghai 東海” and “Prince Wu 武of Liang梁,” which clarified Cao Cao’s favored relationship vis-à-vis the other princes. The “tradition of Prince Wu of Liang” qualified him as a possible successor to the throne, which means that he became the successor of the Liu Clan, the basis for succession to the Han Emperor. It was a half-year after receiving privilege based on the “tradition of Prince Wu of Liang” that Cao Cao was granted shuli, which carries with it a distinction afforded only to emperors, thus recognizing a status transcending the princes and completing the chain events involving the legitimacy of the Wei Dynasty.journal articl
Where to Meet a Driver Privately: Recommending Pick-Up Locations for Ride-Hailing Services
No full textRide-Hailing Service (RHS) has motivated the rise of innovative transportation services. It enables riders to hail a cab or private vehicle at the roadside by sending a ride request to the Ride-Hailing Service Provider (RHSP). Such a request collects rider’s real-time locations, which incur serious privacy concerns for riders. While there are many location privacy-preserving mechanisms in the literature, few of them consider mobility patterns or location semantics in RHS. In this work, we propose a pick-up location recommendation scheme with location indistinguishability and semantic indistinguishability for RHS. Specifically, we give formal definitions of location indistinguishability and semantic indistinguishability. We model the rider mobility as a time-dependent first-order Markov chain and generates a rider’s mobility profile. Next, it calculates the geographic similarity between riders by using the Mallows distance and classifies them into different geographic groups. To comprehend the semantics of a location, it extracts such information through user-generated content from two popular social networks and obtains the semantic representations of locations. Cosine similarity and unified hypergraph are used to compute the semantic similarities between locations. Finally, it outputs a set of recommended pick-up locations. To evaluate the performance, we build our mobility model over the real-world dataset GeoLife, analyze the computational costs of a rider, show the utility, and implement it on an Android smartphone. The experimental results show that it costs less than 0.12 ms to recommend 10 pick-up locations within 500 m of walking distance.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Cyber Securit
Shuli Zhao’s Rural Depiction and His Literary Life
No full text20世纪中国文学以乡土之外的观念对农村和农民进行文学想象和叙述,它造成了真实农村图景的遮蔽和放逐,而赵树理的创作是个例外。他既是知识分子又不完全认同"五四"知识分子的话语体系,既倾向于农民的价值观又不是纯然的农民。他的农村书写与农民、革命意识形态之间一度形成良性互动,故其作品被奉为文学经典。后来因他执著的写实立场与当代文艺规范发生摩擦而产生裂隙,最终导致其文学命运的坎坷。The Chinese literature of the 20th century depicted the rural life and farmers with literary imagination from outside, resulting in the concealment and alienation of the genuine life. Shuli Zhao, however, was an exception. Though an intellectual himself, he did not totally accept the discourse system of the intellectuals in the May Fourth Movement. Although within himself he had the values of a Chinese farmer, he was not in its true sense. His writing had made a successful interactive between the farmers and their revolutionary ideology, therefore his works were regarded as literary classics.Later, however, he had to face a lot of difficulties in his literary life due to the discrepancy between his true-to-life writing style and the contemporary art and literature norms
Soil organic matter availability and climate drive latitudinal patterns in bacterial diversity from tropical to cold temperate forests
No full textAbstract Bacteria are one of the most abundant and diverse groups of micro‐organisms and mediate many critical terrestrial ecosystem processes. Despite the crucial ecological role of bacteria, our understanding of their large‐scale biogeography patterns across forests, and the processes that determine these patterns lags significantly behind that of macroorganisms. Here, we evaluated the geographic distributions of bacterial diversity and their driving factors across nine latitudinal forests along a 3,700‐km north–south transect in eastern China, using high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four of 32 phyla detected were dominant: Acidobacteria , Actinobacteria , Alphaproteobacteria and Chloroflexi (relative abundance > 5%). Significant increases in bacterial richness and phylogenetic diversity were observed for temperate forests compared with subtropical or tropical forests. The soil organic matter ( SOM ) mineralisation rate ( SOM min , an index of SOM availability) explained the largest significant variations in bacterial richness. Variation partition analysis revealed that the bacterial community structure was closely correlated with environmental variables and geographic distance, which together explained 80.5% of community variation. Among all environmental factors, climatic features ( MAT and MAP ) were the best predictors of the bacterial community structure, whereas soil pH and SOM min emerged as the most important edaphic drivers of the bacterial community structure. Plant functional traits (community weighted means of litter N content) and diversity resulted in weak but significant correlations with the bacterial community structure. Our findings provide new evidence of bacterial biogeography patterns from tropical to cold temperate forests. Additionally, the results indicated a close linkage among soil bacterial diversity, climate and SOM decomposition, which is critical for predicting continental‐scale responses under future climate change scenarios and promoting sustainable forest ecosystem services. A plain language summary is available for this article
The ideological adoption and literary writing of left-wing writers in 1940s : the cases of Ding Lin, Zhao Shuli and Xiao Jun = Si shi nian dai zuo yi zuo jia de si xiang xing tai yu wen xue chuang zuo : yi Ding Ling, Zhao Shuli, Xiao Jun wei li
No full textThis thesis is to reveal the ideological adoption of Chinese left-wing writers in the 1940s and to disclose the connection between the ideological adoption and the changes of their literary writings. Chinese left-wing writers began to be disciplined by the Communist Party of China(CPC) in the 1940s especially after Mao Zedong’s Speech in Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art in 1942 with the function of literature and art defined to “eulogize the brightness” instead of “undercover the darkness” of the society. However, different left-wing writers responded to Mao’s speech in different ways. Ding Ling, for example, tried to adopt the new ideology and changed her writing style without hesitation. As a result, she did not create any fiction until the year 1947. Zhao Shuli, a writer living in Shanxi at that time and showing great sympathy for the Chinese peasants, applauded the speech heart and soul. He regarded it as a strong support to his literary viewpoint. He kept writing fiction about the rural China in his unique way. Xiao Jun, unlike Ding Ling and Zhao Shuli, disagreed with Mao’s speech. He refused to abide by the disciplines from CPC during his stay in Yan’an and in Dongbei. Undoubtedly, it was Xiao Jun who met with harsh criticisms from the Party.
By analyzing left-wing writers’ different attitudes toward the political discourse, I aim to present a brief history of the development of the left-wing literature in terms of the language, the form, the style, the viewpoint and so on. In addition, I try to find out the reasons for Chinese writers’ great contributions to the communist career from 1930s to 1940s and their persistence in literary writings in such a harsh political circumstance. It seems incredible that the idea of communism has come into being in the 1920s and spreads so rapidly in the 1930s. When it has become a theoretical belief, left-wing writers had no choice but to hold it dear. What they could do is to abandon either their literary independence or their critical spirit to avoid being punished by the political party.
The tragic fate of left-wing writers provided us with much space for thought. On the one hand, left-wing writers contributed themselves to the making of the communist revolution. On the other hand, ever since the foundation of the new regime in 1949, there has been existing an ideological gap between the left-wing writers and the communist Party. It was hard for them to accept the advocates of the ideology. And when it came to the literary creation, most of them gave up writing in the 1950s, never rewriting anything more. In this thesis, I would try to depict a clear picture of the development of the left-wing literature and to investigate Ding Ling, Zhao Shuli and Xiao Jun as three representative figures of the Left-Wing writers whose destiny did reflect the tragic experiences of intellectual under the disciplinary rule of Communist Party.published_or_final_versionChineseDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph
Photo, Memory and Guilt in The Dark Room
No full textFocusing on Rachel Seiffert\ue2s The Dark Room, this thesis discusses three German protagonists\ue2 fictional representations in three different times and space, all coming from different family backgrounds and with different social understandings in relation to the Holocaust in the World War II. In my discussions on this trilogy, moreover, The Dark Room is believed to have demonstrated the notion of \ue2humanity\ue2 in the sense that vulnerability, perseverance, egoism, ignorance, guilt, sorrow, goodwill, evilness, light and darkness are all intertwined and coexisting as some kind of symbiosis, one blended into another. Meanwhile, The Dark Room offers a significant debate over guilt and punishment, especially with the incredibly heavy historical inheritance on those who are descendents of the perpetrators in World War II living in the contemporary times. What is at stake thus is an interpretation and reading of the Holocaust that allows more of a new and multi-dimensional perspective on this traumatic event in the 20th century. This call for fresh ideas and contemporary understandings of the Holocaust can be seen as answered in The Dark Room as this book has successfully provided a glimpse of an atypical account from the perpetrator side of the story. This fact validates The Dark Room as one of the important literary works in the contemporary times
Enhanced microwave-absorption performance of FeCoS/Polyimide-Graphene composite by electric field modulation
No full textGraphene was incorporated into polyimide resin to obtain Polyimide-Graphene polymer sheet via in-situ polymerization method. FeCoB nanoparticles, generated by a high energetic cluster deposition system, were then deposited on the Polyimide-Graphene sheets by electric field assisted deposition technology to form FeCoB/Polyimide-Graphene ternary composites. An electric field of about 5-30 kV was applied on the sample platform when the composites were manufactured. The strong magnetic properties of the composites were revealed by the measurement of hysteresis loops at room temperature. Then the laminated FeCoB/Polyimide(-Graphene) composites were used to perform reflection loss scan. It is found that the addition of a small amount of graphene promote the improvement of electromagnetic properties by increasing dielectric loss. And the cover of FeCoB films can dramatically enhance the microwave absorption capacity by enriching interfacial polarization effect and electromagnetic match. The results prove that the electric field assisted deposition technique is a very attractive avenue to enhance the microwave absorption performance of the ternary composite expressed by tuning their dielectric and magnetic properties. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
A Study on Xu Qui-lin's Suan-you (1811)
No full text[[abstract]]Suan-you（1811）was written by Xu Qui-lin（1779-1821）lived in the Ch’ing Dynasty. The meaning of “you” is the window in Chinese. According to the record of the history book, Xu Qui-lin abstracted the most important of living mathematics from Shuli Jingyun. So we can regard it as a window for Shuli Jingyun.
The K'ang-hsi emperor, who ruled from 1662 to 1722, was a great admirer of scientific knowledge and he summoned missionaries to court in order to obtain instruction in astronomy and mathematics. Shuli Jingyun, entitled The Essentials of Numerical Principle, was completed in 1721. Its contents are divided into two sections. The first is entitled Establishing the Outline and Illuminating the Substance. The second is called Distinguishing Each Article and Putting it to Use. In addition to recording aspects of Western mathematical theory, such as arithmetic, geometry , algebra and triangle, which had already been transmitted to China, the book also contains 53 volumes. The inclusion of the words “Imperially Crafted” in its title reveals that it was compiled on the order of the emperor, and therefore relatively widely disseminated. Suan-you contains 4 volumes. Volume I is the basic knowledge of mathematics. Volume II is the methods of counting which is deeply influenced by the works of Mei Weng-ding（1633-1721）. The tools of counting were abacus, pens and rods. The rods were not the ancient Chinese calculus rods but Mei’s half-circle rods which Mei improved from Napier’s rods. Volume III is about Jiu- zhang. Volume IV is the mixed methods of solutions.
Ching-Hua-Yuan is one of the famous novels of Ch’ing dynasty. Xu was regarded as the author of it once upon a time. Some of the mathematics in Ching-Hua-Yuan is similar to Suan-you. The result of analyzing and comparing both books is made as an appendix.
Author Response to “Pushing the Limits of Strength Training”
No full textPhotothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane with CO₂ has emerged as a promising yet nascent strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and enabling clean energy conversion. However, achieving optimal performance requires advances in both catalyst design and mechanistic understanding. Herein, we adopted a double-emulsion-guided micelle assembly strategy to synthesize asymmetric supports (AMONs and AMOMs), featuring unidirectional open/closed pore channels. This distinctive architecture enabled the formation of an asymmetric catalyst configuration through ethylene glycol-assisted selective confinement of Ni nanoparticles at the open-pore termini. Compared to conventional symmetric catalysts, the optimized 5% Ni AMONs EG and 5% Ni AMOMs EG exhibited higher specific surface areas and improved metal dispersion, resulting in an abundance of active sites. Moreover, the asymmetric design strengthened the built-in electric fields, directing more photogenerated hot carriers and localized thermal energy toward reactant activation. Consequently, 5% Ni AMOMs EG achieved a remarkable H₂ production rate of 2314.2 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and sustained H₂ yields over 50 hours, outperforming symmetric counterparts and even some reported noble metal-based catalysts. This work offers a smart photothermal catalyst candidate and elucidates its structure–performance relationship, advancing photothermal catalytic technology for solar fuel production.Cheng Sang, Weiyi Xu, Kang Xue, Yajie Zou, Shuli Li, Shengjie Han, Haijun Chen, Hongqi Sun, Shaobin Wang, and Jinqiang Zhan
Cortiella yatungense J. J. Deng, C. Peng & X. J. He 2022, sp. nov.
No full textCortiella yatungense J.J. Deng, C. Peng & X.J. He, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Diagnosis: — Cortiella yatungense is related to C. hookeri and C. cortioides but it can be distinguished from both by fewer rays (3–6 vs.>6), thin pedicels longer than leaves (vs. stout pedicels shorter than leaves or subequal), petals infolded at apex (vs. slightly incurved and infolded), calyx teeth long-triangular (vs. triangular), ovate to suborbicular (vs. oblong-globose and suborbicular) fruits, and mericarps without vittae (vs. furrow vittae 1, commissure vittae 0–2). Type: — CHINA. Xizang: Yatung County, Kangbu; 27°47’13.76’’N, 89°3’13.93’’E; elevation 4789 m a.s.l., 20 Sep 2021, DJJ2021092005 (holotype: SZ) (Fig. 4). Description: —Perennial stemless herbs. Plants 4–8 cm. Roots long-conical, 5–12 cm long, with a few branched roots. Leaves petiolate, petioles 3–5 cm long, 1–2 mm thick, sheaths inflated at base. Leaf rachis and petioles fluted, densely fulvous puberulous; blade narrowly oblong, 2.5–5 × 1–2 cm, 1–2-pinnate; pinnae 4–7 pairs, sessile, ultimate segments linear, 1–3 × 0.1–0.6 mm, apex acute. Both compound umbels and simple umbels are present, both drawing from the base; Bracts 1, pinnate; rays 3–6, unequal, pubescent; bracteoles 10–12, linear or pinnate. Calyx teeth long acuminate or linear, about the same length as petals. Petals white, white with purple or purple, ovate, apex infolded; Stylopodium conic, dark purple. Fruit ovate to suborbicular, mainly suborbicular, compressed dorsally, dorsal ribs narrowly winged, lateral ribs broadly winged; vittae absent in each furrow and on commissure. Seed transversely compressed dorsally. Phenology: —Flowering from August to September, fruiting from September to October. Etymology: —The specific epithet is derived from the name of Yatung (Xizang), where the type material was collected. Distribution, habitat and ecology: — Cortiella yatungense is distributed in Xizang (Yatung County) in southwestern China (Fig. 5). It grows in alpine meadows at altitudes of 4000–4800 m. Conservation status: —This species is currently known only from Yadong, Nyingchi and Cona County of China. In Yadong, a total of more than 300 individuals has been found. However, there is no more information about its conservation status. Based on current information, we propose to assess Cortiella yatungense as “Data Deficient” (DD) according to IUCN (2019). Additional specimens examined: — China. Xizang: Nyingchi, West of Shergyla mountain, 2 Aug 2008, Luo Jian & Wang Shuli LiuJQ-08XZ-151 (KUN); Cona County, Mamagou, 28 Aug 2011, Luo Jian & Wang Shuli LiuJQ-11XZ-071 (KUN); Yadong County, Kangbu, 4789 m, 20 Sep 2021, Deng Jiaojiao & Peng Chang DJJ2021092005(SZ).Published as part of Deng, Jiao-Jiao, Peng, Chang, Liu, Chang-Kun, Xie, Deng-Feng, Gui, Ling-Jian, Zhou, Song- Dong & He, Xing-Jin, 2022, Cortiella yatungense, a new species of Cortiella (Apiaceae) from Xizang, China, pp. 189-199 in Phytotaxa 566 (2) on pages 192-195, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.566.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/711915
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