8 research outputs found
Promoção da saúde: experiência de extensão comunitária com crianças e adolescentes integrada à pós-graduação
No full textThis article describes health promotion activities conducted as part of a community outreach project, focusing on physical activity and healthy eating. The project was conducted as a partnership between professors and volunteer students from a graduate program and a state public school located in the city of Limeira, São Paulo, throughout the school year of 2018. The aim of the project was, through engaging and dynamic activities suited for children and adolescents in the school environment, to promote the change of health habits considered challenging by the community. Children and teenagers who participated in the activities reported improvement in their knowledge and awareness regarding physical activity, healthy eating, and personal hygiene. Similarly, project volunteers evaluated the initiative as an invaluable learning opportunity through the dialogical sharing of knowledge and experiences among those involved.Este artículo aporta un informe de experiencia sobre las actividades de promoción de la salud, dentro de la extensión comunitaria, centradas en la actividad física y la alimentación saludable. Se trata de un proyecto realizado por profesores y estudiantes voluntarios vinculados a un programa de posgrado en colaboración con una escuela pública estatal de la ciudad de Limeira, en São Paulo, a lo largo del año escolar de 2018. El objetivo del proyecto era, a través de actividades participativas y dinámicas dirigidas a niños y adolescentes en el entorno escolar, promover cambios en los hábitos de salud identificados como desafiantes por la comunidad escolar. Los niños y adolescentes que participaron en las actividades declararon haber mejorado sus conocimientos y su concienciación sobre la práctica de actividades físicas, la alimentación saludable y la higiene personal, mientras que los voluntarios consideraron la iniciativa como una oportunidad única de formación a través del intercambio dialógico de conocimientos y experiencias entre las partes implicadas.O presente artigo traz um relato de experiência acerca de atividades de promoção da saúde, no âmbito da extensão comunitária, com enfoque na prática de atividade física e alimentação saudável. Trata-se de um projeto realizado por docentes e estudantes voluntários vinculados a um programa de pós-graduação, em parceria com uma escola pública estadual no município de Limeira, São Paulo ao longo do ano letivo de 2018. O objetivo do projeto foi, por meio de atividades participativas e dinâmicas voltadas para crianças e adolescentes no ambiente escolar, promover mudanças de hábitos de saúde apontados como desafiadores pela comunidade escolar. As crianças e adolescentes que participaram das atividades declararam melhora em seu conhecimento e conscientização acerca da prática de atividades físicas, alimentação saudável e higiene pessoal, ao passo que os voluntários consideraram a iniciativa como oportunidade ímpar de formação por meio do compartilhamento dialógico de saberes e experiências entre as partes envolvidas
Saúde cardiovascular ideal e fatores cardiometabólicos: estudo com trabalhadores de uma universidade pública
No full textPesquisa transversal, que tem por objetivo avaliar a saúde cardiovascular (SCV) ideal por meio de fatores biológicos e comportamentais e verificar sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e as características do sono em trabalhadores de uma universidade pública paulista. A amostra será constituída por 553 trabalhadores, cuja representatividade será assegurada por um esquema de amostragem aleatória simples para os estratos categoria profissional e sexo. Serão coletados dados de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, da métrica Life's Simple Seven (LS7) (tabagismo, índice massa corporal, pressão arterial, glicemia de jejum, colesterol total, dieta e atividade física) e adicionais ao LS7 - insulina, hemoglobina glicada, frações do colesterol, circunferências da cintura, quadril e pescoço, dados da qualidade da dieta e do sono, incluindo variáveis actigráficas e marcadores inflamatórios. A coleta de dados obedecerá às etapas: Etapa 1 (virtual): o trabalhador será convidado a participar por meio de correio eletrônico sorteado aleatoriamente. Após o aceite, responderá aos questionários enviados eletronicamente; Etapa 2 (presencial): serão obtidas amostras sanguíneas e medidas antropométricas; Etapa 3 (via telefone): para coleta de recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. Os dados serão submetidos à análise descritiva, de associação, de comparação e relação entre as variáveis do LS7 e as sociodemográficas e de saúde. Os resultados proporcionarão um mapeamento da SCV dos trabalhadores, mostrando os fatores que apresentam pior desempenho e que necessitarão de intervenções em saúde, bem como subsidiarão o desenvolvimento/aprimoramento de políticas públicas sobre prevenção de doenças cardiometabólicas e diminuição da mortalidade cardiovascular
Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis - implications for public health communications in Australia
No full textObjective To examine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine confidence, attitudes and intentions in Australian adults as part of the iCARE Study. Design and setting Cross-sectional online survey conducted when free COVID-19 vaccinations first became available in Australia in February 2021. Participants Total of 1166 Australians from general population aged 18-90 years (mean 52, SD of 19). Main outcome measures Primary outcome: responses to question € If a vaccine for COVID-19 were available today, what is the likelihood that you would get vaccinated?'. Secondary outcome: analyses of putative drivers of uptake, including vaccine confidence, socioeconomic status and sources of trust, derived from multiple survey questions. Results Seventy-eight per cent reported being likely to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Higher SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions were associated with: increasing age (OR: 2.01 (95% CI 1.77 to 2.77)), being male (1.37 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.72)), residing in least disadvantaged area quintile (2.27 (95% CI 1.53 to 3.37)) and a self-perceived high risk of getting COVID-19 (1.52 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.14)). However, 72% did not believe they were at a high risk of getting COVID-19. Findings regarding vaccines in general were similar except there were no sex differences. For both the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and vaccines in general, there were no differences in intentions to vaccinate as a function of education level, perceived income level and rurality. Knowing that the vaccine is safe and effective and that getting vaccinated will protect others, trusting the company that made it and vaccination recommended by a doctor were reported to influence a large proportion of the study cohort to uptake the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Seventy-eight per cent reported the intent to continue engaging in virus-protecting behaviours (mask wearing, social distancing, etc) postvaccine. Conclusions Most Australians are likely to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Key influencing factors identified (eg, knowing vaccine is safe and effective, and doctor's recommendation to get vaccinated) can inform public health messaging to enhance vaccination rates
Understanding national trends in COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy in Canada – April 2020 to March 2021
No full textObjective: Key to reducing COVID‐19 morbidity and mortality and reducing the need for further lockdown measures in Canada and worldwide is widespread acceptance of COVID‐19 vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a key barrier to achieving optimal vaccination rates, for which there is little data among Canadians. This study examined rates of vaccine hesitancy and their correlates among Canadian adults. Methods: This study analyzed data from five age, sex and province‐weighted population‐based samples to describe rates of hesitancy between April 2020 and March 2021 among Canadians who completed online surveys as part of the iCARE Study, and various sociodemographic, clinical and psychological correlates. Vaccine hesitancy was assessed by asking: “If a vaccine for COVID‐19 were available today, what is the likelihood that you would get vaccinated?” Responses were dichotomized into ‘very likely’, ‘unlikely’, ‘somewhat unlikely’ (reflecting some degree of vaccine hesitancy) vs ‘extremely likely’ to get the vaccine, which was the comparator. Results: Overall, 15,019 respondents participated in the study. A total of 42.2% of respondents reported vaccine hesitancy over the course of the study, which was lowest during surveys 1 (April 2020) and 5 (March 2021) and highest during survey 3 (November 2020). Fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that women, those aged 50 and younger, non‐Whites, those with high school education or less, and those with annual household incomes below the poverty line in Canada (i.e., $60,000) were significantly more likely to report being vaccine hesitant over the study period, as were essential and healthcare workers, parents of children under the age of 18, and those who do not get regular flu vaccines. Believing engaging in infection prevention behaviours (like vaccination) is important for reducing virus transmission and high COVID‐19 health concerns (being infected and infecting others) were associated with 77% and 54% reduction in vaccine hesitancy, respectively, and having high personal financial concerns (worried about job or income loss) was associated with 1.33 times increased odds of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: Results point to the importance of targeting vaccine efforts to women, younger people and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, and that vaccine messaging should emphasize the benefits of getting vaccinated, and how the benefits (particularly to health) far outweigh the risks. Future research is needed to monitor ongoing changes in vaccine intentions and behaviour, as well as to better understand motivators and facilitators of vaccine acceptance, particularly among vulnerable groups. The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license
How well do covariates perform when adjusting for sampling bias in online COVID-19 research? Insights from multiverse analyses
No full textCOVID-19 research has relied heavily on convenience-based samples, which-though often necessary-are susceptible to important sampling biases. We begin with a theoretical overview and introduction to the dynamics that underlie sampling bias. We then empirically examine sampling bias in online COVID-19 surveys and evaluate the degree to which common statistical adjustments for demographic covariates successfully attenuate such bias. This registered study analysed responses to identical questions from three convenience and three largely representative samples (total N = 13,731) collected online in Canada within the International COVID-19 Awareness and Responses Evaluation Study (www.icarestudy.com). We compared samples on 11 behavioural and psychological outcomes (e.g., adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures, vaccine intentions) across three time points and employed multiverse-style analyses to examine how 512 combinations of demographic covariates (e.g., sex, age, education, income, ethnicity) impacted sampling discrepancies on these outcomes. Significant discrepancies emerged between samples on 73% of outcomes. Participants in the convenience samples held more positive thoughts towards and engaged in more COVID-19 prevention behaviours. Covariates attenuated sampling differences in only 55% of cases and increased differences in 45%. No covariate performed reliably well. Our results suggest that online convenience samples may display more positive dispositions towards COVID-19 prevention behaviours being studied than would samples drawn using more representative means. Adjusting results for demographic covariates frequently increased rather than decreased bias, suggesting that researchers should be cautious when interpreting adjusted findings. Using multiverse-style analyses as extended sensitivity analyses is recommended
