134,087 research outputs found
Was there Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments
No full textThe "Hawthorne effect," a concept familiar to all students of social science, has had a profound influence both on the direction and design of research over the past 75 years. The Hawthorne effect is named after a landmark set of studies conducted at the Hawthorne plant in the 1920s. The first and most influential of these studies is known as the "Illumination Experiment." Both academics and popular writers commonly summarize the results as showing that every change in light, even those that made the room dimmer, had the effect of increasing productivity. The data from the illumination experiments, however, were never formally analyzed and were thought to have been destroyed. Our research has uncovered these data. We find that existing descriptions of supposedly remarkable data patterns prove to be entirely fictional. There are, however, hints of more subtle manifestations of a Hawthorne effect in the original data.
The School of Hawthorne
No full textUsing the case of Hawthorne as a prime example of how traditions are made, not born, Brodhead traces the passage by which Hawthorne was first organized as a literary past, then reactivated from the past in the work of major American writers, particularly Melville, James, and Faulkner. Brodhead concludes that tradition is never a purely literary transaction; its creation has a great deal to do with the ways writers accept and remake literature's place in society.Intro -- Contents -- One: Hawthorne and Tradition -- Two: Hawthorne, Melville, and the Fiction of Prophecy -- Three: Manufacturing You Into a Personage: Hawthorne, the Canon, and the Institutionalization of American Literature -- Four: Late Hawthorne, or The Woes of the Immortals -- Five: Howells: Literary History and the Realist Vocation -- Six: Henry James: Tradition and the Work of Writing -- Seven: James in the Beginning -- Eight: James, Realism, and the Politics of Style -- Nine: Late James: The Lost Art of the Late Style -- Ten: The Modernization of Tradition -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- ZUsing the case of Hawthorne as a prime example of how traditions are made, not born, Brodhead traces the passage by which Hawthorne was first organized as a literary past, then reactivated from the past in the work of major American writers, particularly Melville, James, and Faulkner. Brodhead concludes that tradition is never a purely literary transaction; its creation has a great deal to do with the ways writers accept and remake literature's place in society.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Shirley Hawthorne
No full text"Shirley Hawthorne nee Richards evacuee Zealandia Dec [obscured]".Date:199
The Hawthorne Effect: a randomised, controlled trial
No full textBackground: The 'Hawthorne Effect' may be an important factor affecting the generalisability of clinical research to routine practice, but has been little studied. Hawthorne Effects have been reported in previous clinical trials in dementia but to our knowledge, no attempt has been made to quantify them. Our aim was to compare minimal follow- up to intensive follow-up in participants in a placebo controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba for treating mild-moderate dementia.Methods: Participants in a dementia trial were randomised to intensive follow- up (with comprehensive assessment visits at baseline and two, four and six months post randomisation) or minimal follow-up (with an abbreviated assessment at baseline and a full assessment at six months). Our primary outcomes were cognitive functioning (ADAS-Cog) and participant and carer-rated quality of life (QOL-AD).Results: We recruited 176 participants, mainly through general practices. The main analysis was based on Intention to treat (ITT), with available data. In the ANCOVA model with baseline score as a co- variate, follow-up group had a significant effect on outcome at six months on the ADAS-Cog score (n = 140; mean difference = -2.018; 95% Cl -3.914, -0.121; p = 0.037 favouring the intensive follow-up group), and on participant- rated quality of life score (n = 142; mean difference = -1.382; 95% Cl -2.642, -0.122; p = 0.032 favouring minimal follow-up group). There was no significant difference on carer quality of life.Conclusion: We found that more intensive follow-up of individuals in a placebo-controlled clinical trial of Ginkgo biloba for treating mild-moderate dementia resulted in a better outcome than minimal follow-up, as measured by their cognitive functioning
Using the Hawthorne Effect to Examine the Gap Between a Doctor's Best Possible Practice and Actual Performance
No full textMany doctors in developing countries provide considerably lower levels of quality to their patients than they have been trained to provide. The gap between best practice and actual performance is difficult to measure for individual doctors who differ in levels of training and experience and who face very different types of patients. We exploit the Hawthorne effect—in which doctors change their behavior when a researcher comes to observe their practices—to measure the gap between best and actual performance. We analyze this gap for a sample of doctors, examining the impact of the organization for which doctors work on the performance of doctors, after controlling for their ability. We find that some organizations succeed in motivating doctors to work at levels of performance that are close to their best possible practice. This paper adds to recent evidence that motivation is at least as important to health care quality as training and knowledge.motivation, practice quality, health care, Tanzania, Hawthorne effect, Health Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Development, I1, O1, O2,
Hawthorne, D W, 117084
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/391180Surname: HAWTHORNE. Given Name(s) or Initials: D W. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: 117084. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 27775.207450
Item: [2016.0049.23473] "Hawthorne, D W, 117084
My Dear Elizabeth: Letters from Sophia Peabody Hawthorne to Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, 1837-1868
No full textThe resource can be accessed here:
https://library.osu.edu/projects/hawthorneletters/hawthorne_letters.html"My Dear Elizabeth: Letters from Sophia Peabody Hawthorne to Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, 1837-1868" is an electronic edition of five letters written by Sophia Peabody Hawthorne (1809-1871) to her sister Elizabeth Palmer Peabody (1804-1894). The edition belongs to a series of collaboratively produced electronic editions of previously unpublished nineteenth-century American manuscripts held in the Rare Books and Manuscripts Library (RBMS) at The Ohio State University Libraries. Each text was initially edited in connection with an undergraduate or graduate course on electronic textual editing offered by H. Lewis Ulman, Associate Professor of English at The Ohio State University
A condição feminina na sociedade ocidental contemporânea: uma releitura de A letra escarlate de Nathaniel Hawthorne
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências HumanasEste trabalho trata principalmente sobre a necessidade que há de se valorizar o aspecto "feminino" em nossas vidas e sociedades. Da urgência que temos de questionar e refletir sobre o papel da mulher na sociedade contemporânea ocidental e sobre os vários tipos de estigmatização que ainda sofre nos meios em que vive. Para tanto, escolhemos analisar o romance A Letra Escarlate (1850), de Nathaniel Hawthorne. Primeiro apresentamos uma visão mítica-histórica, onde se resgata o conceito "feminino," para demonstrar a relevância de se pesquisar a condição e a identidade feminina na sociedade contemporânea ocidental, através da obra de Marija Gimbutas, em The Language of the Goddess (2001) e de Edward Whitmont, em O Retorno da Deusa (2001) entre outros. Segundo, pela teoria da "jornada do herói" de Joseph Campbell, em O Herói de Mil Faces (2002), com ênfase na "trajetória heróica" e como esta se aplica à análise da estrutura profunda do romance e à trajetória de sua heroína Hester Prynne. Terceiro, pelo estudo simbólico do conteúdo do romance, onde se mostra o significado profundo dos elementos que compõem a trajetória mítica em questão. Para tanto usamos a obra de J. E. Cirlot, Dictionary of Symbols (1998) entre outros. Quarto, através da teoria da psicologia social, que se refere ao fenômeno da "estigmatização," abordado através da teoria de Irving Goffman em Estigma: Notas sobre a Manipulação da Identidade Deteriorada (1988), complementada pelas teorias de Henri Tajfel e Joseph P. Forgas (1981) sobre identidade social, categorização, auto-categorização e estereotipia. Quinto, pelas reflexões encontradas na História das mulheres, através das quais fazemos uma recapitulação da condição feminina nos séculos XVII, XVIII, e XIX e como esta pode ser comparada àquela da era contemporânea. Aqui contamos com a obra de Michelle Perrot e George Duby em A História das Mulheres no Ocidente entre outros
Pumphrey, Byron Hawthorne
No full textByron Hawthorne Pumphrey, A.B. \u2729, LL.B. \u2735
Lexington, Kentucky
Phi Delta Phi, Kentucky Law Journal
-The Kentuckian, 1935---------------------------------
Byron Hawthorne Pumphrey (August 15, 1906 - April 3, 1990) was born in Grayson, Kentucky to George Pumphrey and Gaynelle Drake. Pumphrey worked as the managing editor of the Kentucky Kernel in the late 1920s. He moved to California in 1929 to work as a reporter and editor for the Santa Monica Evening Outlook. He returned to the University of Kentucky for law school and moved back to California after graduation. Pumphrey continued working at the Evening Outlook and later taught at the California Institute of Arts. His writing later turned to drama critique. Pumphrey is the author of five plays including Sadco and Trial by Venus. He married twice--his wives were Melvina Heavenridge (m. 1928, d. before 1939) and Pauline Kuplan (m. 1939, d. before 1989).https://uknowledge.uky.edu/klapp_1935/1002/thumbnail.jp
Fairy tale elements in the short fiction of Nathaniel Hawthorne
No full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to examine the fairy tale elements in A Wonder-Book. Tanalewood Tales, and selected short stories, and to illustrate how Hawthorne altered and expanded these elements in some of his more famous tales. Chapter One establishes a connection between Hawthorne and the fairy tale, suggesting that Hawthorne was aware of specific fairy tales and fairy tale writers. Chapter Two traces a brief history of the fairy tale, suggesting how fairy tale writers altered the tales. Next, the chapter establishes characteristics of the tale. Finally, the chapter concludes with a definition of the fairy tale as genre. Chapter Three traces fairy tale elements in A Wonder-Book and Tanalewood Tales, stories which Hawthorne wrote for children. Chapter Four illustrates how Hawthorne altered and expanded fairy tale elements in other stories and concludes by showing the consequences of fairy tale elements in some of his more famous tales, such as, "The Snow-Image: A Childish Miracle," "Young Goodman Brown," "Rappaccini's Daughter," and "The Birth-Mark." The Conclusion summarizes the major changes that Hawthorne made in his use of fairy tale elements
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