1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Influencia da variação fisionomica da vegetação sobre a composição de aves frugivoras na Mata Atlantica
No full textOrientador: Wesley Rodrigues SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Em função da devastação ímpar que as florestas tropicais vêm sofrendo, faz-se necessário um conhecimento mais aprofundado da organização das comunidades biológicas enfocando as interações interespecíficas entre as aves e as plantas. Embora este aspecto não seja considerado prioritário nas medidas de conservação da biodiversidade, é de extrema importância para manter comunidades frugívoras e garantir a persistência das interações entre as espécies. A variação espacial e temporal das aves foi estudada em diferentes habitats conectados de Mata Atlântica, entre abril de 1999 e março de 2002, procurando enfocar as seguintes perguntas: 1) Quais fatores poderiam afetar a riqueza e a abundância de aves considerando a variação na estrutura da vegetação, diversidade florística e abundância de frutos no mosaico de habitats da Mata Atlântica? 2) Qual o efeito da variação espacial e temporal da abundância e da qualidade de frutos sobre a abundância de aves frugívoras? 3) Como variam os critérios de seleção dos frutos pelos frugívoros em relação à morfologia e ao conteúdo nutritivo do fruto. Qual seria o efeito da rigidez destes parâmetros sobre a riqueza de espécies de frutos consumidos? Para responder tais perguntas, foram estabeleci das cinco unidades amostrais em cada tipo de habitat, cada uma consistindo de uma linha de redes para captura das aves com parcelas adjacentes a esta linha para obtenção de dados fenológicos e de estrutura e composição de espécies vegetais. A estrutura da vegetação foi caracterizada a partir de medições de altura total, altura de fuste, diâmetro à altura do peito e das freqüências das formas de vidas dos indivíduos no interior das parcelas. Em viagens mensais, as plantas no interior das parcelas foram vistoriadas quanto à presença de frutos maduros zoocóricos e as aves foram capturadas nas redes para a avaliação da dieta alimentar através do conteúdo das fezes. Simultaneamente foram realizadas observações diretas do comportamento alimentar das aves para registrar as interações entre as plantas e as aves. Todos os frutos ornitocóricos encontrados dentro ou fora das parcelas foram caracterizados morfologicamente e em relação ao conteúdo nutricional do fruto. Os resultados indicam que as aves exibiram diferenças específicas no grau de tolerância em relação a este conjunto de variáveis bióticas. Os insetívoros e alguns frugívoros mais generalistas de sub-bosque (E 01 e V-FI) foram mais sensíveis às variações na estrutura da vegetação e no hábito de vida das plantas. Por outro lado, a composição de plantas foi mais importante para os frugívoros mais especialistas de copa (C-FI, E-FI e C-LF) e provavelmente para os granívoros. Os nectarívoros foram os mais tolerantes a estas variáveis, não exibindo qualquer correlação significativa. As comunidades de aves foram caracterizadas por apresentar um equilíbrio dinâmico com flutuações temporais de composição de espécies e de abundância de indivíduos, parâmetros estes correlacionados com as mudanças na disponibilidade de alimento. Isto sugere que muitas espécies de aves parecem movimentar-se entre os habitats. Este comportamento pode ser favorecido pelas flutuações assincrônicas na abundância de frutos e nas diferenças das médias mensais das características morfológicas e nutricionais dos frutos produzidos entre os habitats. No geral, as aves apresentam uma dieta alimentar diversificada em termos de composição de espécies de frutos; mas, ao mesmo tempo, são seletivos quanto às características morfológicas e nutricionais dos frutos consumidos. A especialização das aves quanto ao critério de seleção morfológica dos frutos pode estar associado ao tamanho corpóreo da ave, porque as espécies de aves menores tenderam a apresentar uma menor amplitude morfológica de nicho. Em relação as características selecionadas, as aves maiores tenderam a consumir frutos com sementes grandes, ao passo que as aves menores selecionaram os frutos com sementes pequenas. A riqueza de espécies de frutos presentes na dieta não esteve relacionada com o tamanho corpóreo das aves e nem com o grau de especialização das aves em relação às características morfológicas e/ou nutricionais dos frutos consumidosAbstract: Due to the alarming rate of deforestation in tropical forests, a better understanding on the organization of biological communities is needed, specifically regarding the interactions between birds and plants. Although this aspect is not often included among the top priorities for biodiversity conservation, it must be considered an important of effort in the attempts to maintain functional communities and to guarantee the continuing of species interactions over time. The spatial and temporal variation on bird abundance was studied in different habitats of Atlantic Forest, from April 1999 to March 2002, in order to answer the following questions: 1) What of these factors could more affect bird abundance and species richness in the Atlantic Forest habitats: vegetation structure, plant species composition or fruit abundance? 2) What are the effects of the temporal and spatial variation of the fruit abundance and quality on frugivorous bird abundance? 3) How do frugivorous birds selected fruits in relation to morphology and nutritional composition? Is there any relationship between fruit species richness and fruit morphology or fruit quality? To answer these questions, five sample units were set in each habitat, each consisting of one line of mist nets associated with three adjacent plots where bird captures were conducted along with the recording of phenological and vegetational structure data. The vegetation structure was characterized by the following variables: total height, lower crown height, diameter at breast height and frequencies of plant habits. In monthly field trips, plants inside the plots were examined for the presence of zoochorous ripe fruits and birds were mist-netted. Information about interactions between birds and plants were obtained by the occurrence of seeds in fecal samples of captured birds, as well as by recording their feeding behavior. All ripe fruits found in each habitat were measured and their pulp collected for chemical analyses. Results indicate that bird communities were sensitive to the variation in floristic and vegetation structure among habitats and showed particular preference for some specific positions along a gradient of environmental conditions, with different functional groups or guilds being differentially tolerant to variations in these conditions. Vegetation structure and plant habit seem to have a stronger influence on insectivores and some generalist frugivores/insectivores of understory (E-DI e V-FI), while plant composition plays a more important role for other specialist frugivore of canopy (C-FI, E-FI e C-LF) and probably for seed-eaters. Nectarivores showed high tolerance of these vegetation variables. We found a high spatial heterogeneity among habitats associated with differences in plant species composition. The habitats also had an asynchronous temporal pattern in fruit abundance and significant differences on monthly means of morphological and nutritional traits of fruits over vertical strata and among habitats. At the landscape level, these patterns suggest that, as a whole, the mosaic of different habitats can be seen as a non-seasonal unit, where the different patches complement each other in fruiting phenology. These conditions may affect bird communities because they were characterized by dynamic systems with temporal fluctuation in abundance and bird species composition. Significant correlation among fruit variables and bird abundance suggest that some bird species move into or out of habitats according to more favorable fruit availability. In general, birds eat a high diversity of fruit species; but at the same time, they show c1ear preferences and select fruits according to morphological and nutritional traits. The fruit morphological specialization may be associated with bird size, because the smaller birds had the smaller morphological niche breadth. In relation of morphological fruit selection, the larger birds selected fruits with larger seed mass and size and while the smaller birds selected fruits with small seeds mass and size. In contrast with the high morphological specialization found in most birds, the general pattern observed for nutritional traits is a generalist feeding strategy. It seems that the strong nutritional imbalance characterizing the pulp of most fruit species should force frugivores to adopt a mixed-species diet with high variation on nutritional content in order to get a balanced input of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals. The bird species showed a wide flexibility concerning the nutritional fruit traits but not with the same nutritional requirement. The fruit species richness consumed by birds was not associated with bird size and neither with morphological and/or nutritional traits of fruit consumed.DoutoradoDoutor em Ecologi
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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