114 research outputs found
Innovaatioverkko päihittää keksijäsankarin
No full textOsaaminen ja uuden luominen innovaatioverkoissa. Tutkimus kuudesta suomalasisesta innovaatiosta, Reijo Miettinen, Janne Lehenkari, Mervi Hasu ja Jukka Hyvönen, Helsinki (1999
Innovaatioita ymmärtämässä
Full text linkKirja-arvostelu teoksesta Reijo Miettinen, Janne Lehenkari, Mervi Hasu ja Jukka Hyvönen: Osaaminen ja uuden luominen innovaatioverkoissa. Tutkimus kuudesta suomalaisesta innovaatiosta. Sitra 226, Vantaa 1999
Blind Men and the Elephant
Full text linkI suggest that the transformation of an artifact from an introductory-type instrument into a viable, collectively used tool cannot be understood solely in terms of gradual adaptation of the technology and user environment, but also as a qualitatively broader integration process in which an expansion takes place. The case illustrated a constrained shift of an artifact from its first adopter, an individual pioneer user, to a more collective user in institutional medicine. The artifact, a neuromagnetometer instrument for brain research and diagnostics, brings together physicists, neuroscientists, physicians as well as various practitioners from the medical imaging industry. I applied an activity-theoretical framework for analysing the adoption of the neuromagnetometer from the pioneer phase of implementation into the more established use. The case showed that the anticipated transformation of the artifact constituted a major challenge for the user organization and its practitioners. It is suggested that an expansion of the object into a shared object of implementation among the separate practitioner groups is indispensable.This expansion of the object involves for the practitioners to recognize both the different objects and requirements of the pioneer phase of the implementation and the new phase of introduction into medical practice. It is shown that this recognition does not, however, come as given, spontaneously born in the transition. The emerging new object may remain only partially shared if not made visible by deliberate effort among the practitioners. The expansion requires collective visualization of the work and reflective dialogue on it. Employing analytical tools, such as the activity-theoretical concepts used here, is one possible way of facilitating such an effort
Työn arjen tarinat
Full text linkEthnographic research has long been used to describe and interpret everyday working practices and societal change. Today's increasingly digitalized workflows and the emergence of artificial intelligence make ethnographies that delve into the everyday realities of work more important than ever. Ethnographies help to understand in a sensitive way how hidden work practices, the ways of interaction and collaboration, are changing in a technological work environment. On the other hand, ethnographers explore the rigid routines and practices that make up mundane work in different workplaces and work contexts.
The book consists of stories from researchers who have conducted ethnographic research, describing how ethnographic research is carried out today, what it requires of the researcher, and how ethnography can affect the people involved in the research – as well as the researchers themselves. The chapters deal with different fields of work, from process industry to expert and service work, and from elite political organizations to actor networks involved in the sustainability transition. The book enhances understanding of the everyday realities and methods of ethnographic research, its ethical principles, and the changing nature of work
Blind Men and the Elephant
No full textI suggest that the transformation of an artifact from an introductory-type instrument into a viable, collectively used tool cannot be understood solely in terms of gradual adaptation of the technology and user environment, but also as a qualitatively broader integration process in which an expansion takes place. The case illustrated a constrained shift of an artifact from its first adopter, an individual pioneer user, to a more collective user in institutional medicine. The artifact, a neuromagnetometer instrument for brain research and diagnostics, brings together physicists, neuroscientists, physicians as well as various practitioners from the medical imaging industry. I applied an activity-theoretical framework for analysing the adoption of the neuromagnetometer from the pioneer phase of implementation into the more established use. The case showed that the anticipated transformation of the artifact constituted a major challenge for the user organization and its practitioners. It is suggested that an expansion of the object into a shared object of implementation among the separate practitioner groups is indispensable.This expansion of the object involves for the practitioners to recognize both the different objects and requirements of the pioneer phase of the implementation and the new phase of introduction into medical practice. It is shown that this recognition does not, however, come as given, spontaneously born in the transition. The emerging new object may remain only partially shared if not made visible by deliberate effort among the practitioners. The expansion requires collective visualization of the work and reflective dialogue on it. Employing analytical tools, such as the activity-theoretical concepts used here, is one possible way of facilitating such an effort.</p
Critical Transition from Developers to Users : Activity-Theoretical Studies of Interaction and Learning in the Innovation Process
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Challenging the belief in simple solutions: The need for epistemic practices in professional work
No full textContext
As a contribution to the State of the Science issue on ‘The problem with solutions’, this paper discusses how technology‐mediated and assumedly simple and straightforward solutions to professional problems in fact require extensive work from professionals in order that generalised tools and procedures can be made sense of, adapted and employed in local practice.
Theoretical perspective
The authors introduce a perspective on epistemic practices in professional work and learning in order to conceptualise and discuss the diversity of the knowledge‐related actions required to perform professional services. They discuss how the growing numbers and diversity of knowledge‐generating actors who aspire to inform professional practice create ‘multi‐charged’ work settings, imbued with multiple objectives and purposes. This development presents new epistemic challenges to professionals, which require extended capacities for knowledge work.
Summary
The authors give examples from empirical studies conducted in Nordic health care settings, which relate to nurses’ engagement with repositories of clinical procedures and to the development of new medical technologies for clinical use. They show how work performance in both cases depends on a range of epistemic practices (ie, collective ways of exploring, assessing, critically examining and justifying knowledge claims), which are necessary if the general tools and technologies are to be put to work in the local environment. This forms a core dynamic in practitioners’ work‐based learning as it moves between what is known and what remains to be explored or improved.
Conclusions
The paper argues that the widespread belief in simple or versatile solutions is challenged by research that reveals the diversity of the knowledge practices needed to perform professional services. The paper suggests that professional communities might pay more attention to epistemic practices as means to handle complexity. It raises intriguing questions and discusses implications for medical education
Työn arjen tarinat – työelämän etnografiaa
No full textEtnografinen tutkimus on kulkenut työn arjen käytäntöjen sekä yhteiskunnallisten muutosten kuvaajana ja tulkkina jo pitkään. Nykyinen digitalisoituva työ ja tekoälymurros tekevät työn arkeen jalkautuvien etnografioiden merkityksen entistäkin tärkeämmäksi. Etnografiat auttavat ymmärtämään herkällä tavalla, miten piiloiset työkäytännöt, vuorovaikuttamisen ja yhteistyön tavat muuttuvat teknologisessa ympäristössä. Toisaalta etnografit tarkastelevat, millaisista jähmettyneistä rutiineista ja käytännöistä työn arki muodostuu erilaisilla työpaikoilla ja verkostoissa.
Kirja koostuu etnografista tutkimusta tehneiden tutkijoiden tarinoista, joissa he kuvaavat miten etnografista tutkimusta nykyisin tehdään, mitä se vaatii tutkijalta ja miten etnografia voi vaikuttaa tutkimukseen osallistuviin henkilöihin sekä tutkijoihin itseensä. Luvuissa liikutaan erilaisilla työn kentillä prosessiteollisuudesta asiantuntija- ja palvelutyöhön, sekä poliittisista eliittiorganisaatioista kestävyysmurroksen toimijaverkostoihin. Teos lisää ymmärrystä etnografisen tutkimuksenteon arjesta ja menetelmistä, sen eettisistä periaatteista sekä työn olemuksen muutoksesta
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