132,275 research outputs found
Having a lot of a good thing: multiple important group memberships as a source of self-esteem.
No full textCopyright: © 2015 Jetten et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedMembership in important social groups can promote a positive identity. We propose and test an identity resource model in which personal self-esteem is boosted by membership in additional important social groups. Belonging to multiple important group memberships predicts personal self-esteem in children (Study 1a), older adults (Study 1b), and former residents of a homeless shelter (Study 1c). Study 2 shows that the effects of multiple important group memberships on personal self-esteem are not reducible to number of interpersonal ties. Studies 3a and 3b provide longitudinal evidence that multiple important group memberships predict personal self-esteem over time. Studies 4 and 5 show that collective self-esteem mediates this effect, suggesting that membership in multiple important groups boosts personal self-esteem because people take pride in, and derive meaning from, important group memberships. Discussion focuses on when and why important group memberships act as a social resource that fuels personal self-esteem.This study was supported by 1. Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100238) awarded to Jolanda Jetten (see http://www.arc.gov.au) 2. Australian Research Council Linkage Grant (LP110200437) to Jolanda Jetten and Genevieve Dingle (see http://www.arc.gov.au) 3. support from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Social Interactions, Identity and Well-Being Program to Nyla Branscombe, S. Alexander Haslam, and Catherine Haslam (see http://www.cifar.ca)
Contesting the “nature” of conformity : what Milgram and Zimbardo's studies really show
No full textUnderstanding of the psychology of tyranny is dominated by classic studies from the 1960s and 1970s: Milgram's research on obedience to authority and Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment. Supporting popular notions of the banality of evil, this research has been taken to show that people conform passively and unthinkingly to both the instructions and the roles that authorities provide, however malevolent these may be. Recently, though, this consensus has been challenged by empirical work informed by social identity theorizing. This suggests that individuals' willingness to follow authorities is conditional on identification with the authority in question and an associated belief that the authority is right.Peer reviewe
D-0739a: 129 East 300 North, Logan, Utah, Emily H. Nelson/Vern H. and La Rae G. Haslam residence. Lot 3 Block 33 Plat A
No full textD-0739a: 129 East 300 North, Logan, Utah, Emily H. Nelson/Vern H. and La Rae G. Haslam residence. Lot 3 Block 33 Plat
Prædiken til 5. aug. 1972 af Johan Grundtvig. Introduction and comments
No full textJohan Grundtvigs prædiken d. 5. august 1792Af Gerald M. HaslamMed den her gengivne prædiken af N.F.S. Grundtvigs far præsenteres et større transskriptionsarbejde og en opfølgende analyse. Haslam arbejder dels med Johan Grundtvigs prædikener, dels med sammes brevveksling. Arbejdet skal munde ud i en redegørelse for N.F.S. Grundtvigs forhold til faderens teologi.Prædikenen er fra 1792 og har derfor kunnet høres af N.F.S. Grundtvig før han drog til Thyregod. Haslam tilslutter sig K.E. Bugges beskrivelse af Johan Grundtvigs teologi som en blanding af ortodoksi, pietisme og supranaturalisme, men understreger, at Johan Grundtvigs teologi er endog mere præget af bodskristendom, end Bugge antager.Haslam foretager på grundlag af den samlede mængde prædikener en bestemmelse af Johan Grundtvigs teologi i en samfundsmæssig og kulturel kontekst. Denne analyse peger på de positive aspekter af Johan Grundtvigs virke, uden at Haslam derfor forholder sig ukritisk til Johan Grundtvig. Han understreger det værdifulde i, at Johan Grundtvig i en tid præget af politisk og religiøs forvirring gennem sin forkyndelse af den personlige omvendelses betydning for den evige frelse var i stand til at motivere sine sognebørn til at leve et bedre liv og til at bibringe dem tr.st og håb.Afsluttende går Haslam det klart, at N.F.S. Grundtvig - og andre fornyere af forkyndelsen - ikke opstod i et tomrum, men positivt knyttede an til forkyndelsen hos kirkemænd, der i slutningen af 1700-tallet bekymrede sig for deres sognebørns åndelige og fysiske velbefindende
D-1901: 261 South 300 East, Logan, Utah, George and Orilla Haslam/Robert M. and Emma A. Murphy/Mrs. Margaret M. Tams residence. Lot 1 Block 15 Plat D
No full textD-1901: 261 South 300 East, Logan, Utah, George and Orilla Haslam/Robert M. and Emma A. Murphy/Mrs. Margaret M. Tams residence. Lot 1 Block 15 Plat
Shock treatment : using immersive digital realism to restage and re-examine Milgram's 'Obedience to Authority' research
No full textThe main work on this paper was supported by a grant from the Australian Research Council to KM and SDR (“Reinterpreting Milgram’s Obedience Studies via Documentary Film”; DP1301108). Additional funding was provided by the Australian Research Council to SAH (“An Advanced Social Identity Approach”; FL110100199) and by the Economic and Social Research Council to SDR (“Beyond the Banality of Evil”; ES/L003104/1).Attempts to revisit Milgram's "Obedience to Authority" (OtA) paradigm present serious ethical challenges. In recent years new paradigms have been developed to circumvent these challenges but none involve using Milgram's own procedures and asking naïve participants to deliver the maximum level of shock. This was achieved in the present research by using Immersive Digital Realism (IDR) to revisit the OtA paradigm. IDR is a dramatic method that involves a director collaborating with professional actors to develop characters, the strategic withholding of contextual information, and immersion in a realworld environment. 14 actors took part in an IDR study in which they were assigned to conditions that restaged Milgrams's New Baseline ("Coronary") condition and four other variants. Post-experimental interviews also assessed participants' identification with Experimenter and Learner. Participants' behaviour closely resembled that observed in Milgram's original research. In particular, this was evidenced by (a) all being willing to administer shocks greater than 150 volts, (b) nearuniversal refusal to continue after being told by the Experimenter that "you have no other choice, you must continue" (Milgram's fourth prod and the one most resembling an order), and (c) a strong correlation between the maximum level of shock that participants administered and the mean maximum shock delivered in the corresponding variant in Milgram's own research. Consistent with an engaged follower account, relative identification with the Experimenter (vs. the Learner) was also a good predictor of the maximum shock that participants administered.Peer reviewe
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
When War Is Over
No full textWhen War Is Over is a practice based research project that investigates the Commonwealth War Graves Commission’s ongoing commemoration of the 1.7 million Commonwealth War dead from WWI and WWII.
This research by D. Alexander builds on the findings of the research project Designing the Commonwealth War Graves by D. Alexander and A. Haslam, which was submitted to the REF 2014.
When War is Over, was rigorous in its extensive archival research, creation of several new bodies of photographic work and the design of a book and exhibition.
The research developed an original visual methodology for the presentation and contextualisation of archival material, new photographic work and aerial satellite images, to investigate historical and contemporary notions of permanence, process and scale, in commemorative practices.
Familiar motifs of poppy fields and sunsets over cemeteries, commonly found in books, postcards and tourist merchandise are avoided, and a rigorous, less sentimental methodology was developed to convey the scale of commemoration, make reference to the use of aerial surveillance and bombing during the wars, and present a critical perspective on the tensions involved in commemorating the individual through the uniform treatment of the many.
A key visual method used is the zoom: in both book and exhibition the viewer is moved between the micro and the macro, at one moment reading a single epitaph on a headstone, and the next hovering above a cemetery containing thousands of headstones, or moving from an individual casualty’s personal documents, to the ledgers containing 1.7 million names of the dead.
Published as a book in 2016 and exhibited at Contact Photography Festival in 2018, the work is significant in its use of contemporary photographic and design practices to offer a critical perspective on this ongoing commemoration, during the 100 year anniversary of the first world war
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
