1,720,958 research outputs found
Climate Change Risk and Farming Practices: Evidence from Small-scale Citrus Farmers in Indonesia
Get PDFThis thesis examines climate-related risk behaviours among small-scale citrus farmers and their decision to adoption certified seedlings and use of agrochemical inputs in East Java, Indonesia. The analysis is important for understanding citrus farmers’ behaviours regarding climate change issues. Understanding farm households climate related behaviours is key to designing appropriate smallholder support and advisory services.
Given the importance of climate change to rural agricultural communities in developing countries, governments, NGOs and international development agencies continue to make substantial efforts to improve the ability of small-scale farmers to adapt. Yet, too often, national adaptation policies and programs ignore insights from existing smallholder adaptation practices. Previous studies show that behavioural insights are critical in developing an understanding of climate risk management by farmers.
An important aim of this thesis is to understanding climate-related influences on smallholders’ decisions. The research objectives are to: (i) understand the extent of perceptions of risk among small-scale citrus farmers related to a range of climate change events and to identify the drivers of their risk perception at aggregated and disaggregated levels; (ii) provide analytical insights into the adoption of certified citrus seedlings by small-scale farmers by analysing the extent to which they value the certification of citrus seedlings and the role of this factor in influencing the adoption of higher-yielding, climate-risk resilient and disease-free citrus varieties; and (iii) explore the extent of use of chemical inputs and the role of risk preferences, intrahousehold dynamics and social networks on the household expenditure spent on chemical inputs. The research uses data from a household survey of 500 citrus farmers with interviews of both the male and female household heads. The first research objective was analysed by employing seemingly unrelated regression models (SUR) and ordered logistic regression models (OLM), the second objective was estimated using a multinomial logit model, and the third objective employed joint modelling of risk, intrahousehold dynamics and spatial factors in a spatial regression model.
Among the key contributions of this thesis is integrating the research on complex patterns of risk behaviours, from both the economics and psychology literatures, into climate research on risk perceptions through a straight-forward extension of current approaches to the analysis of the risk perception index. An important result is the disadvantage of using only the aggregate approach in analysing risk perception because it could underestimate and simplify the complex representation of climate risk behaviours. This study also presents empirical support for the use of information and communication technology based extension as an efficient extension tool to reach more farmers than in traditional methods. A second result highlights how farmers' beliefs about the yield and production risks of particular seedling types, along with risk preferences, were significantly related to farmers’ intentions to adopt particular seedling types. This study also found the relationship between climate-related variables (i.e. climate information source and climate extension) and farmers’ decisions to use certified seedlings. Lastly, this thesis finds that more risk-averse households tend to have lower spending on insecticides and the use of this input is also significantly associated with higher profit variability. A wife’s leadership could lead to a considerably lower expenditure for fungicides, but higher herbicide expenses; and a higher disagreement between spouses is associated with more insecticides and fungicides costs. The pattern of chemical inputs usage is spatially dependent on endogenous effects, while spatial disturbance effect existed for the use of chemical fertilisers and herbicides.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, 202
Model Dinamika Sistem Agroindustri Kakao di Indonesia
No full textIndonesia is one of the largest cocoa producer in the world, however, production of processed cocoa is still very low and the cocoa processing industry did not develop. This study aims to: develop a system dynamic model of cocoa agro-industry, analyze the impact of Gernas kakao and cocoa export tax policy achievement on cocoa downstream industry performance and farmers’ revenue, and develop policy alternatives for the development cocoa downstream industry and increasing farmers’ revenue. This study used system dynamic model approach. The cocoa agroindustry system dynamics model that has developed can illustrate the cocoa agoindustry system properly. The analysis showed that behavior of the cocoa processing industry’s ability to absorb the production of cocoa bean during the analysis period (2008 - 2025) in the actual conditions had a declining trend. The share of volume and value of processed cocoa products export and farmers’ revenue showed declining trend too. Gernas kakao and export tax policy simultaneously can increase the industry capacity to absorb domestic production of cocoa beans. The policies are also able to increase the share of volume and value of processed cocoa export. However, the policies are only able to raise the revenue of farmers who join the Gernas kakao policy, while who do not follow the program have revenue levels lower than actual conditions. Thus, Gernas kakao and export tax policies are more likely had positive impact on the processing industry, but had a negative impact to the farmers who are not involved in the Gernas kakao policy. Policy alternatives with scenario 8 could encourage the development of cocoa agro-industry as a whole system better than the other scenarios. Therefore, alternative policies should be implemented by the government to develop cocoa agro-industry are: continue to implement the Gernas kakao policy; increase productivity and quality of smallholders cocoa plantation which was not involved in the Gernas kakao policy; eliminate cocoa exports tax policy, but the government must be provide fiscal and monetary incentives to the processing industry and improve the business climate to encourage the growth of the cocoa processing industry
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Seedling choices of perennial crops: The role of subjective belief of yield and risk behaviours
Get PDFSeedling variety choice is one of the most important steps for perennial crop farmers as it is a key component of farm profitability over the long-term. Certified seedling varieties have become more common in recent years in developing country areas as a response to concerns about low-quality seedling and an increasing amount of climate variability for which new certified varieties may provide increased resilience. However, the adoption rate of certified seedling varieties in developing countries is generally low. Given the long-lived nature of such investments and the high level of uncertainty regarding both the climate to which they will be exposed as mature trees and the quality of the seedling there are clear linkages to farmers’ subjective belief regarding yields differential between certified and uncertified seedling, their time and risk preferences. We consider these aspects using a recently developed survey-based toll for measuring risk and time preferences and link those to stated preferences and observations on the adoption of certified seedlings. Results show that there are differences in subjective belief of yield which strongly associated with the non-adopter farmers’ intention to adopt. Time preferences play a role in adopter farmers’ intention, but risk preferences do not significantly related to adoption behaviours
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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