101,691 research outputs found
Pseudoligota antennata Hashizume & Yamamoto & Maruyama 2023, comb. nov.
No full textPseudoligota antennata (Bernhauer, 1907), comb. nov. (Figs 1A, 2A–C, 4A–B, 5A) Oligota antennata Bernhauer, 1907: 388 (original description; type locality: Onsen [Unzen in Nagasaki-ken, Kyushu]). Oligota (Holobus) antennata: Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 512 (catalogue). Holobus antennatus: Smetana, 2004: 453 (catalogue); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 657 (catalogue). Pseudoligota affinis Cameron, 1939: 147 (original description; type locality: Siwaliks: Nakraunda [Northern India: Uttarakhand, Nakraunda in ‘Siwaliks’ [= presumably city of Shivalik Nagar], Nakraunda Village.]); Smetana, 2004: 447 (catalogue); Pace, 2011: 29 (Eastern India: Orissa (currently Odisha)); Pace, 2012: 325 (Malaysia: Pahang); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 646 (catalogue). Syn. nov. Material examined. Type material. Holotype: male, “Onsen. Japan / lg. Sauter. [handwritten] // antennata / Brh. Typ [handwritten] // Oligota antennata / Brh. Typus [handwritten] // Chicago NHMus / M. Bernhauer / Collection.” (abdominal segments VIII‒X and aedeagus were dissected and mounted in Euparal by MM) (FMNH). See details on Fig. 4. Additional specimens studied. JAPAN: Hokkaido: [Hokkaido]: 4 exs., Kannonzawa-rindô, Toyama, Minami-ku, Sapporo-shi, 8 VIII 2021, T. Nozaki leg. (KUM); Shikoku: [Ehime-ken]: 1 ex., Matsuyama Castle, Kuromon Trail, 17 V 2018, P. Jałoszyński leg. (pcPJ); Kyushu: [Ôita-ken]: 17 exs., Shônaichô-Asono, Yufu-shi, 20 V 2021, T. Hashizume leg. (KUM); [Nagasaki-ken]: 3 exs., Mitsushimamachi-Sumo, Tsushima-shi, 11 IX 2021, T. Hashizume leg. (KUM); [Kagoshima-ken]: 1 ex., Koseda, Yaku-shima Is., 22 VII 2021, T. Hashizume leg. (KUM); 6 exs., Kurio, Yaku-shima Is., 21 VII 2021, T. Hashizume leg. (KUM). Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: body black, antennae and legs yellow, elytra and male tergite VII unmodified, male tergite VIII with broad blunt median tooth at posterior margin, and the shape of the median lobe of aedeagus. Pseudoligota picea Pace, 2003 and P. picetoides Pace, 2003 have somewhat similar median lobes of the aedeagus, but males of these species have carinae or granules at sutural elytral margins and an elongate tubercle in the center of tergite VII. Redescription. Measurements. (n = 5): BL 0.90–1.27; FBL: 0.52–0.66; HL: 0.17–0.20; HW: 0.26–0.29; PL: 0.19–0.25; PW: 0.38–0.46; EL: 0.19–0.26; EW: 0.43–0.56. (Holotype: BL ≈ 1.1; PL: 0.24; PW: 0.43; HTL: 0.24). Body (Fig. 1A) black; legs and antennae excluding terminal segment yellow; antennal terminal segment darker than proximal segments. Head. Transverse, about 1.50 times as wide as long. Sparsely punctured with indistinct shallow punctures. Antenna 11-segmented, segments I–III longer than wide, segments IV–V about as wide as long, VI–X transverse, segment XI 1.5 times as long as wide. Thorax. Pronotum transverse, about 1.83 times as wide as long, widest at posterior angles, base rounded; punctures somewhat denser, more distinct than those of head; microsculpture indistinct. Elytra transverse, slightly wider than pronotum; punctures larger than those of pronotum; microsculpture slightly stronger than that on pronotum, composed of transverse reticulation; carinae or granules on sutural margins absent. Hind wings developed. Abdomen narrowed posteriad, with punctures finer than those on elytra, with diamond-shaped reticulation. Tergite VII unmodified. Male. Tergite VIII (Fig. 2A) with broad blunt median tooth at posterior margin. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 2B) of complicated shape; parameral process bilobed, parameral lobe of parameral process long, apex pointed, bending paramerally in the apical 2/5; abparameral lobe short, apex rounded, exceeding the flexure of parameral lobe; long thin lobe on left side in abparameral view; flagellum very long, emerging to outside from behind the parameral process, basal part of flagellum relatively small and slightly oval. Female. Similar to male in general appearance. Tergite VIII without broad blunt tooth at posterior margin. Spermatheca (Fig. 2C) simple; distal bulb rounded with tongue-shaped lobe, wall of the distal end protrudes inward; duct curved. Distribution. Japan: (Kyushu; Hokkaido, Tsushima Is., Yaku-shima Is.—new record); India, Peninsular Malaysia. Remarks. Pseudoligota antennata was originally described as Oligota antennata by Bernhauer (1907). Then, Holobus was given a full generic rank by Coiffait & Saiz (1967) and recently this species was catalogued as Holobus antennatus (Smetana 2004; Schülke & Smetana 2015). However, after studying the holotype of Oligota antennata, it was determined that this species should belong to the genus Pseudoligota. Pseudoligota affinis was described from northernmost India by Cameron (1939). The original description of P. affinis (see Cameron (1939)) and illustrations of the aedeagus of P. affinis in Ashe (1984) are consistent with the characteristics of P. antennata, and the two species are indistinguishable. Therefore, P. affinis should be regarded as a junior synonym of P. antennata. Bionomics. Most specimens were obtained from fungi on dead wood in deciduous and evergreen forests (Fig. 5A–B).Published as part of Hashizume, Takuto, Yamamoto, Shûhei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2023, Taxonomic notes on the genus Pseudoligota Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Japan, pp. 100-108 in Zootaxa 5227 (1) on pages 101-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/751843
Pseudoligota nozakii Hashizume, Yamamoto & Maruyama 2023, sp. nov.
No full textPseudoligota nozakii Hashizume, Yamamoto & Maruyama, sp. nov. (Figs 1B, 3A–C, 5C) Type material. Holotype: male (KUM), “JAPAN: Okinawa-ken, / Ishigaki-shi, Sakieda, / Maese-dake, / 26 III 2022, / T. Nozaki leg. // HOLOTYPE / Pseudoligota / nozakii / des. T. Hashizume, / S. Yamamoto & / M. Maruyama, 2022”. Paratypes. JAPAN: [Okinawa-ken]: 4 males, 2 females, 4 unsexed, same data as holotype. (KUM). Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. antennata, it can be distinguished by its smaller body, the male tergite VIII without a broad blunt tooth at the posterior margin, and the abparameral lobe of the parameral process of median lobe of aedeagus not reaching the flexure of the parameral lobe of parameral process. This species can also be distinguished from other Pseudoligota spp. by a combination of the black body coloration, the unmodified elytra, male tergite VII, and male tergite VIII, the relatively complicated general shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and the absence of inward protrusion on the wall of distal end of the spermatheca. Description. Measurements. (n = 5): BL 0.84–0.96; FBL: 0.51–0.58; HL: 0.16–0.18; HW: 0.25–0.26; PL: 0.20–0.22; PW: 0.38; EL: 0.19–0.21; EW: 0.41–0.46. Body (Fig. 1B) black; legs and antennae excluding terminal segment yellow; antennal terminal segment darker than proximal segments. Head. Transverse, about 1.53 times as wide as long. Sparsely punctured with indistinct shallow punctures. Antenna 11-segmented, segments I–III longer than wide, segments IV–X transverse, segment XI about 1.5 times as long as wide. Thorax. Pronotum transverse, about 1.85 times as wide as long, widest at posterior angles, base rounded; punctures somewhat denser, more distinct than those of head; microsculpture indistinct. Elytra transverse, slightly wider than pronotum; punctures larger than those of pronotum; microsculpture slightly stronger than that on pronotum, composed of transverse reticulation; carinae or granules on sutural margins absent. Hind wings developed. Abdomen narrowed posteriad, with punctures finer than those on elytra, with diamond-shaped sculpture. Tergite VII unmodified. Male. Tergite VIII (Fig. 3A) without broad blunt tooth at posterior margin. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 3B) of complicated shape; parameral process bilobed, parameral lobe of parameral process long, apex pointed, bending paramerally in the apical 2/5; abparameral lobe short, apex rounded, not reaching the flexure of parameral lobe; long thin lobe on left side in abparameral view; flagellum very long, emerging to outside from behind the parameral process, basal part of flagellum large and slightly oval. Female. Similar to male in general appearance. Spermatheca (Fig. 3C) simple; distal bulb rounded with tongueshaped lobe, wall of the distal end without inward protrusion; duct curved. Distribution. Japan: Ryukyus: Ishigaki-jima Is. Etymology. This specific name of the new species is dedicated to Tsubasa Nozaki who is the collector of the type series. Bionomics. All specimens were obtained from fungi on dead wood in evergreen forest (Fig. 5C–D).Published as part of Hashizume, Takuto, Yamamoto, Shûhei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2023, Taxonomic notes on the genus Pseudoligota Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Japan, pp. 100-108 in Zootaxa 5227 (1) on pages 104-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/751843
Pseudatheta crenulicauda Hashizume & Yamamoto & Maruyama 2023, comb. nov.
No full text<i>Pseudatheta crenulicauda</i> (Bernhauer, 1907), comb. nov. <p>(Figs. 1A, 2C, 5A–C)</p> <p>[Japanese name: Miiro-kinokotsuyakeshi-hanekakushi]</p> <p> <i>Atheta</i> (<i>Datomicra</i>) <i>crenulicauda</i> Bernhauer, 1907: 398 (original description;</p> <p> type locality: “Bukenji” [Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, central Honshu, Japan]); Sawada, 1977: 217 (as a synonym of <i>Ph. oligotinula</i>).</p> <p> <i>Phymatura crenulicauda</i> (Bernhauer, 1907); Pace, 1984: 54</p> <p> (transferred to the genus <i>Phymatura</i> from the genus <i>Atheta</i>); Shibata <i>et al</i>., 2013: 115 (catalogue); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 633 (catalogue).</p> <p> “ <i>Phymatura oligotinula</i> ”: Sawada, 1977: 217 (redescription; misidentification).</p> <p> “ <i>Pseudatheta oligotinula</i> ”: Pace, 1992: 242</p> <p> (transferred to genus <i>Pseudatheta</i> from <i>Phymatura</i>; probably based on Sawada (1977)).</p> <p> <i>Pseudatheta similis</i> Pace, 2010: 268 (original description;</p> <p> type locality: “ China: Sichuan, Ganzi Prefecture, Daxue Shan, Gongga Shan, Hailougou glacier park, 102°04’E 29°36’N, river valley, ca. 1 km above camp I, 2100 m ”); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 634 (catalogue); Pace, 2016: 301 (Yunnan). <b>Syn. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Material examined. Type material.</b> <i>Atheta</i> (<i>Datomicra</i>) <i>crenulicauda</i>: Lectotype: here designated, male “Hans Sauter 4000 / Bukenji 10 XI 05 / Unter Schilfhaufen [handwritten] // Bukenji / Japan. Sauter [handwritten] // crenulicauda / Brnh. Typ. [handwritten] // Chicago NHMus / M. Bernhauer / Collection” (abdominal segments VIII–X and aedeagus were dissected and mounted in Euparal by MM) (FMNH).</p> <p>Paralectotype: 1 female, “crenulicauda / Bernh. Cotypus [handwritten] // Unzen. 2600’ / Japan. Sauter [handwritten] // Chicago NHMus / M. Bernhauer / Collection” (abdominal segments VIII–X and spermatheca were dissected and mounted in Euparal by MM) (FMNH).</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined.</b> <b>JAPAN</b>: [<b>Aomori-ken</b>]: 1 male, Yasumiya, Towada-shi, 4–5 VIII 1966, M. & M. T. Ch ̊jô leg. (KUM); [<b>Miyagi-ken</b>]: 2 males, 1 female, Yoshida, Taiwa-chô, 20 VIII 2009, J. Aoki leg. (KUM); [<b>Fukushima-ken</b>]: 1 male, Shitokigawa-keikoku, Iwaki-shi, 24 V 1992, K. Haga leg. (KUM); [<b>Tochigi-ken</b>]: 1 male, 1 female, Watarase, 6 V 1979, M. Tao leg. (KUM); [<b>Gunma-ken</b>]: 1 male, Naganohara, Naganohara-machi, 9 VIII 1997, T. Kishimoto leg. (TKc); [<b>Saitama-ken</b>]: 1 male, 1 female, Yoshimi-machi, 16 VII 2000, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 3 males, 2 females, Mitsumine, Chichibu-shi, 28 V 1997, M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); [<b>Chiba-ken</b>]: 1 male, Noda-shi, 17 V 1991, T. Kishimoto leg. (TKc); [<b>Tokushima-ken</b>]: 1 male, Shikibidani, Naka-chô, 17 VII 2010, J. Aoki leg. (KUM); [<b>Ehime-ken</b>]: 1 male, Sara-ga-mine, 29 IV 1962, S. Hisamatsu leg. (EUM); Komenono, 18 VII 1975, A. Yonetsu leg. (EUM); 1 male, Sara-ga-mine, 27 VI 1959, M. Satô leg. (EUM); [<b>Kochi-ken</b>]: 1 male, 1 female, Yusuhara-chô, 5 V 2010, T. & T. Miyata leg. (KUM); 2 males, 1 female, Kamioriwatashi, Yusuhara-chô, 24 V 1997, M. Sakai leg. (EUM); [<b>Nagasaki-ken</b>]: Tsushima Is.: 1 male, Kamiagatamachi Sasuna, Tsushima-shi, 18 VI 2022, T. Hashizume leg. (KUM).</p> <p> <b>Redescription.</b> Measurements (n = 5): BL ≈ 1.86–2.39; FBL, 1.00–1.22; HL, 0.34–0.38; HW, 0.38–0.44; PL, 0.35–0.42; PW, 0.50–0.59; EL, 0.38–0.48; EW, 0.60–0.73. (Lectotype of <i>Atheta crenulicauda</i>: BL ≈ 2.0; PL, 0.40; PW, 0.55; HTL, 0.41).</p> <p>Relative length of antennomeres I–XI (n = 1): 25: 24: 21: 11: 11: 11: 11: 10: 11: 12: 37. Ratio of length/width of antennomeres I–XI (n = 1): 1.84: 2.07: 2.16: 0.88: 0.71: 0.68: 0.64: 0.55: 0.57: 0.63: 1.83.</p> <p>Body (Figs. 1A, 2C) reddish brown; head darker; posterolateral areas of elytra darker; abdominal segments V–VII darker.</p> <p>Head almost as long as wide, HW/HL: 1.11–1.26; surface densely covered with setae.Antenna with antennomeres I–III and XI longer than wide, antennomeres IV–X wider than long; antennomeres I and II with rounded distal end, antennomeres III–X strongly angulated near distal end, antennomere XI oval.</p> <p>Pronotum transverse, PW/PL: 1.36–1.50, PW/HW: 1.32–1.41; surface densely covered with setae, finely punctured, without microsculpture; posterior margin slightly bisinuate. Elytra wider than long, EW/EL: 1.60–1.70, EL/PL: 1.00–1.10, EW/PW: 1.20–1.24; surface densely covered with setae and finely punctured; posterior margin sinuate near posterolateral corners. Hind wings well developed; flabellum with one seta. Mesoventrite without longitudinal carina; mesoventral process extended to slightly beyond middle of mesocoxal cavities, with pointed apex; metaventral process shorter than mesoventral process, with rounded apex; isthmus present.</p> <p>Abdomen slightly narrowed posteriad; surface densely covered with setae.</p> <p>Male. Elytra with a pair of small tubercles at about posterior 1/3 on sutural margin. Sternite VI with small medial lobe on posterior margin. Tergite VII with a tubercle on posteromedian area. Tergite VIII (Fig. 5A) with a tubercle on median area; three to five processes on each side of posterior margin, outer ones slightly curved, longer and sharper than the others. Aedeagus as in Fig. 5B; median lobe with large basal bulb; apical process broad, dilated in lateral view, apical end thin and elongated, apex pointed; flagellum moderately long.</p> <p>Female. Spermatheca (Fig. 5C) curved twice, with a transverse band-like structure at base of distal portion; distal portion elongated, U-shaped; median portion elongated, slightly curved; proximal portion longer than wide.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima Is., Kyushu?); China (Sichuan, Yunnan).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Sawada (1977) redescribed this species in detail as <i>Ph. oligotinula</i>. Based on its characteristics (e.g., small body size, absence of the longitudinal carina on the mesoventrite, and the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus and the spermatheca), this species belongs to <i>Pseudatheta</i> rather than to <i>Phymatura</i>. The illustration of the median lobe of the aedeagus of <i>Ps. similis</i>, shown by Pace (2010), fully agrees with that of <i>Ps. crenulicauda</i> (as <i>Ps. similis</i> <b>syn. nov.</b>). Pace (2016) recorded this species from Yunnan as <i>Ps. similis</i>. Kim & Ahn (2014) listed <i>Ph. crenulicauda</i> as a Korean species, based on the record of “ <i>Ph. japonica</i> ” from North Korea in Paśnik (2001), but later found that the specimens examined in Paśnik (2001) were not <i>Ph. crenuicauda</i> (Kim & Ahn, 2016). While the true species identity of these specimens is unknown, we tentatively consider this record as a record of <i>Ph. japonica</i> from North Korea. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by the apically dilated apical process and the absence of a ventral process of the median lobe of the aedeagus. There is currently no practical key to distinguish the female of this species from the female of its allies [i.e., <i>Ps. hilaris</i>, <i>Ps. taiwanensis</i>, <i>Ps. thailandensis</i>, and <i>Ph. bigranipennis</i> (Bernhauer, 1915)]. Thus, despite our detailed morphological observations, these species could not be distinguished based on female specimens. The paralectotype of this species was collected from Unzen, Nagasaki, Kyushu, and is the only record of this species from Kyushu; however, because it was a female, it could not be positively identified. Further study is needed to allow morphologically based species identification in <i>Pseudatheta</i> females, supported perhaps by DNA information (see also the remarks on <i>Ph. hilaris</i>).</p>Published as part of <i>Hashizume, Takuto, Yamamoto, Shûhei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2023, Revision of the Genera Pseudatheta Cameron and Phymatura Sahlberg (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) from Japan, pp. 27-47 in Zootaxa 5319 (1)</i> on pages 29-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8182108">http://zenodo.org/record/8182108</a>
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Anisotropy In Bi2212 Single Crystals Studied By Non-resonant Microwave Absorption: Hysteresis And Line Shapes
No full textMicrowave absorption in a high quality Bi2212 single crystal is studied at 77 K, using non-resonant microwave absorption (NMA) technique. NMA line shape and low field hysteresis are highly anisotropic. Two peaks, a narrow P1-peak followed by a broad P2-peak are observed for applied field perpendicular to the ab-plane. For the applied field parallel to the ab-plane, the broad P2-peak disappears. For an intermediate orientation of the field, say ∼55°, to the ab-plane, the P1-like peak broadens considerably with a possible mixing of both P1-peak and P2-peak. While there is a pronounced hysteresis in the P1-peak just near zero field for applied field parallel to the ab-plane (Cu-O plane), this hysteresis in P1-peak is nearly absent when the field is applied perpendicular to the ab-plane. In both these orientations, hysteresis is absent in NMA signals beyond the P1-peak till very high fields. At the inte rmediate orientation angle of ∼55° to the ab-plane, the reverse sweep NMA signal collapses into the zero-base line. This is a remarkable hysteresis effect. This may be due to the interaction between Josephson vortices and Abrikosov vortices which can happen in tilted magnetic fields. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.3621-4282285Bhat, S.V., Ganguly, P., Ramakrishnan, T.V., Rao, C.N.R., (1987) J. Phys. C, 20, pp. L559Masiakowski, J.T., Puri, M., Kevan, L., (1991) J. Phys. Chem., 95, p. 1393Rastogi, A., Sudershan, Y.S., Bhat, S.V., Grover, A.K., Yamaguchi, Y., Oka, K., Nishihara, Y., (1996) Phys. Rev. B, 53, p. 9366Srinivasu, V.V., Itoh, K.I., Hashizume, A., Sreedevi, V., Kohmoto, H., Endo, T., Ricardo da Silva, R., Hayashi, K., (2001) J. Supercond., 14, p. 43Srinivasu, V.V., Sreedevi, V., Itoh, K.I., Hashizume, A., Tada, M., Yamada, J., Moehlecke, S., Endo, T., (2000) Proc. Int. School on Crystal Growth Methods, p. 228. , ChennaiYamada, J., Srinivasu, V.V., Tada, M., Itoh, K.I., Hashizume, A., Kometani, I., Anwar, K., Endo, T., (1999) Advances in Superconductivity XII, p. 353. , T. Yamashita, K. Tanabe (Eds.), Springer, TokyoSrinivasu, V.V., Hashizume, A., Itoh, K.I., Mukaida, M., Endo, T., (2000) Proc. Int. School on Crystal Growth Methods, p. 233. , ChennaiSrinivasu, V.V., Hashizume, A., Itoh, K.I., Mukaida, M., Endo, T., (1999) Singapore J. Phys., 15, p. 9Endo, T., Yan, H., (1995) Studies of High Temp. Supercond., 14, pp. 65-106. , Ed. Anant Narlikar, Nova Science Publishers, New YorkEndo, T., Yan, H., Nagase, S., Shibata, H., (1995) J. Supercond., 8, p. 259Srinivasu, V.V., Thomas, B., Hegde, M.S., Bhat, S.V., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 75, p. 4131Wu, W., Li, F., Jia, Y., Zhou, G., Qian, Y., Qin, Q., Zhang, Y., (1993) Physica C, 213, p. 133Koshelev, A.E., (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, p. 187Enriquez, H., Botemps, N., Fournier, P., Kapitulnik, A., Maignan, A., Ruyter, A., (1996) Phys. Rev. B, 53, pp. R1475
Antiepileptic effect of nefiracetam on kainic acid-induced limbic seizure in rats
No full textELSEVIER, Hashizume, K; Kunimoto, M; Maeda, T; Tanaka, T, S, EPILEPSY RESEARCH, 39(3), 221-228, 2000.
authorNefiracetam is being studied as a novel cognition-enhancing agent; however, it has been suggested from studying its chemical structure that it has a potential anticonvulsive effect. We examined the antiepileptic effect of nefiracetam on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. KA was infused into the left basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, and focal limbic seizures were induced in 43 male Wistar rats. During status epilepticus, 10, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg of nefiracetam was intravenously injected. Nefiracetam inhibited KA-induced limbic seizures at doses over 100 mg/kg while it had a sedative effect on the animals. In [14C] deoxyglucose autoradiographic studies, the propagation of seizure-induced hypermetabolic areas was also suppressed dose-dependently. From the results, it was indicated that nefiracetam has an antiepileptic effect and that its application may suppress seizure propagation. Further study is required whether this agent is available as a novel anticonvulsant
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
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