1,721,094 research outputs found
Stacked machine learning models for non-technical loss detection in smart grid: A comparative analysis
Full text linkThe growing prominence and emphasis of renewable energy to decrease carbonization in the power system and reduce the dependability of fossil fuel for energy needs play an important role in the development of smart grids. Many technological advancements are integrated into smart grid to optimize the power system and renewable energy sources. Smart grid leverages electricity and energy consumption data exchange to establish a significantly advanced, automated, and decentralized electricity network. However, this brings numerous vulnerabilities to the power system, including cyber-attacks, grid blackouts, and electricity theft. While the most significant concern is energy theft, where some culprit's consumers manipulate their energy meters to reduce their readings. This destabilizes the country's electricity utility and economic development and causes a high tariff on energy for consumers who pay the bill. Therefore, developing an advanced framework for electricity theft detection is necessary. To address this problem, we propose a machine learning-based stacked framework to detect malicious activity in the smart grid. The proposed data-based stacked ensemble model detects honest and anomalous consumers in two stages. In the first stage, the model employs four individual classifiers at the base level to analyze data and a single classifier at the meta-level to classify the results of the base learners for the second stage classification. Furthermore, the Borderline SMOTE and Principle Component Analysis techniques are employed to address the class imbalance and curse of dimensionality issues respectively. Through experimental analysis, we proved the effectiveness of the proposed framework in detecting suspicious activity in four different experiments, including preprocessed data, feature extracted data, balanced data, and lastly, both feature engineering and data balancing. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that our proposed framework enhanced energy security and overcomes the impact of theft attacks on the smart grid
Enhancing Smart City Functions through the Mitigation of Electricity Theft in Smart Grids: A Stacked Ensemble Method
Full text linkSmart grid is the primary stakeholder in smart cities integrated with modern technologies as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart healthcare systems, industrial IoT, renewable energy, energy communities, and the 6G network. Smart grids provide bidirectional power and information flow by integrating many IoT devices and software. These advanced IOTs and cyber layers introduced new types of vulnerabilities and could compromise the stability of smart grids. Some anomalous consumers leverage these vulnerabilities, launch theft attacks on the power system, and steal electricity to lower their electricity bills. The recent developments in numerous detection methods have been supported by cutting-edge machine learning (ML) approaches. Even so, these recent developments are practically not robust enough because of the limitations of single ML approaches employed. This research introduced a stacked ensemble method for electricity theft detection (ETD) in a smart grid. The framework detects anomalous consumers in two stages; in the first stage, four powerful classifiers are stacked and detect suspicious activity, and the output of these consumers is fed to a single classifier for the second-stage classification to get better results. Furthermore, we incorporate kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and localized random affine shadow sampling (LoRAS) for feature engineering and data augmentation. We also perform comparative analysis using adaptive synthesis (ADASYN) and independent component analysis (ICA). The simulation findings reveal that the proposed model outperforms with 97% accuracy, 97% AUC score, and 98% precision
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Comparative Study of the Calligraphic Rules of Muhammad Shawqi and Hashim Muhammad Al-Baghdadi in the Naskh Script
Full text linkThis This study compares the calligraphic rules of two renowned Arabic calligraphers, Muhammad Shawqi and Hashim Muhammad Al-Baghdadi, with a focus on their treatment of the Naskh script. Using a comparative qualitative approach, the research analyzes their methods for forming both isolated and connected letters. The findings highlight key stylistic differences: Shawqi favored elongated, intricate letterforms suited for high-quality manuscript production, while Al-Baghdadi employed a simplified and systematic style aimed at educational accessibility. Despite these differences, both shared pedagogical practices, such as beginning lessons with the prayer "Rabbi yassir wa la tu’assir" and starting instruction with isolated letters. The study concludes that Shawqi and Al-Baghdadi played complementary roles in the evolution of Arabic calligraphy—preserving its artistic excellence and expanding its reach through education. This analysis offers new insights into the stylistic and instructional legacies of both figures within the broader context of Arabic calligraphic tradition.
مستخلص
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إجراء مقارنة منهجية بين قواعد الخط عند اثنين من أشهر الخطاطين العرب المعاصرين، وهما محمد شوقي وهاشم محمد البغدادي، مع التركيز على معالجتهما لخط النسخ. ومن خلال منهج نوعي مقارن، تتناول الدراسة تحليل الأساليب الفنية التي اعتمدها كل منهما في تشكيل الحروف المفردة والمترابطة، وذلك في سياق تطور هذا الفن العربي الأصيل. وقد كشفت النتائج عن وجود فروق جوهرية في الأسلوب الفني بين الخطاطين؛ حيث اتسم أسلوب شوقي بطول الحروف وتعقيد أشكالها، مما جعله مناسبًا لإنتاج المخطوطات ذات الجودة العالية، في حين تميز أسلوب البغدادي بالبساطة والنظام، مما جعله أكثر ملاءمة للأغراض التعليمية ونقل المهارات الخطية للمبتدئين. ورغم هذه الفروق، يشترك الخطاطان في جملة من الممارسات التربوية، من أبرزها افتتاح الدروس بالدعاء المأثور "ربّ يسّر ولا تعسّر"، والبدء بتعليم الحروف المفردة. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أن محمد شوقي وهاشم البغدادي قد أدّيا دورين تكامليين في مسيرة تطوّر الخط العربي؛ فبينما ساهم الأول في الحفاظ على القيمة الفنية والجمالية لهذا الفن، أسهم الثاني في نشره وتيسير تعليمه على نطاق أوسع. وتوفر هذه الدراسة رؤية تحليلية معمقة للإرث الفني والتعليمي لكلا الخطاطين، ضمن الإطار العام لتقاليد الخط العربي وتطوّره المعاصرStudi ini membandingkan aturan kaligrafi dari dua kaligrafer Arab terkemuka, Muhammad Shawqi dan Hashim Muhammad Al-Baghdadi, dengan fokus pada gaya tulisan Naskh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi komparatif, menganalisis teknik kaligrafi kedua maestro tersebut, khususnya dalam perlakuan terhadap huruf-huruf tunggal dan huruf-huruf yang tersambung. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan perbedaan signifikan dalam pendekatan mereka, seperti preferensi Shawqi terhadap bentuk huruf yang memanjang dan detail dibandingkan dengan gaya Al-Baghdadi yang lebih sederhana. Namun, kedua kaligrafer memiliki kesamaan praktik, seperti memulai pelajaran mereka dengan doa "Rabbi Yassir wa la tu’assir" dan memulai dengan huruf terpisah sebelum melanjutkan ke bentuk huruf yang tersambung. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun terdapat perbedaan gaya, Shawqi dan Al-Baghdadi sama-sama memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap perkembangan kaligrafi Arab, dengan karya Shawqi memengaruhi produksi manuskrip berkualitas tinggi, sementara pendekatan Al-Baghdadi menjadi populer untuk tujuan pendidikan. Analisis komparatif ini meningkatkan pemahaman tentang kaligrafi Arab dan memberikan wawasan tentang warisan pedagogis dan artistik dari kedua maestro kaligrafi tersebut
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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