174,162 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Nature-inspired metaheuristics for multiobjective activity crashing
No full textDoerner KF, Gutjahr WJ, Hartl RF, Strauss C, Stummer C. Nature-inspired metaheuristics for multiobjective activity crashing. Omega. 2008;36(6):1019-1037
Pareto ant colony optimization with ILP preprocessing in multiobjective project portfolio selection
No full textDoerner KF, Gutjahr WJ, Hartl RF, Strauss C, Stummer C. Pareto ant colony optimization with ILP preprocessing in multiobjective project portfolio selection. European Journal of Operational Research. 2006;171(3):830-841
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Linearization of algebraic structures with operads and polynomial functors : Quadratic equivalences and the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula for 2-step nilpotent varieties
No full textLe travail de thèse contribue à établir des liens entre structures algébriques non-linéaires, décrites par des théories algébriques, et des structures algébriques linéaires, encodées par des algèbres sur une opérade linéaire. Pour les théories algébriques dont les modèles forment une catégorie semi-abélienne (ce qui inclut la plupart des structures intéressantes), un tel lien a été exhibé récemment par M. Hartl, au niveau des objets gradués associés à une nouvelle notion de suite centrale descendante des modèles d'une théorie donnée : il s'avère qu'ils ont une structure naturelle d'algèbre graduée sur une certaine opérade de groupes abéliens associée à la théorie. Le sujet de thèse s'inscrit dans le projet d'étendre ce lien au niveau global, c'est-à-dire d'établir des correspondances du type Mal'cev et Lazard dans le cas des groupes, à savoir entre les modèles nilpotents suffisamment radicables et les algèbres nilpotentes sur l'opérade linéaire correspondante (après tensorisation avec un sous-anneau des rationnels approprié). Ces correspondances jouent un rôle fondamental en théorie des groupes et commencent à faire leurs preuves en théorie des loops grâce au développement plus récent d'une théorie de Lie non-associative; on peut s'attendre à ce qu'il en soit de même dans un contexte plus général. Il est important de noter qu'aussi bien dans les correspondances classiques de Mal'cev et Lazard que dans leurs généralisations à des variétés multiples de loops (Moufang, Bruck, Bol etc.), le passage des algèbres (de Lie, de Mal'cev etc.) appropriées aux objets non-linéaires (groupes, voire loops) qui leur correspondent, est donné par une formule de Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff appropriée, déduite d'une étude de fonctions exponentielles et logarithmes. Dans la thèse, une nouvelle approche est développée pour construire une correspondance (en fait, une équivalence de catégories) du type Lazard entre une variété (dite aussi catégorie algébrique) 2- nilpotente 2-radicable (dans un sens approprié) C donnée et les algèbres sur une opérade symétrique unitaire linéaire et 2-nilpotente AbOp(C) dépendant de la variété, vivant dans la catégorie monoïdale des Z[1/2]-modules à gauche. L'anneau de fraction Z[1/2] apparaît car notre définition de 2-divisibilité d'objets de C se traduit par la condition de 2-divisibilité classique sur le premier terme de l'opérade. L'équivalence de type Lazard se construit grâce à la théorie des foncteurs polynomiaux (plus précisément quadratiques) et à la notion d'extension linéaire de catégories. L'idée principale est de chercher une équivalence quadratique (i.e un foncteur quadratique qui est une équivalence de catégories) entre une variété semi-abélienne 2-nilpotente 2-radicable donnée C et la catégorie des algèbres sur AbOp(C), que nous appellerons le foncteur de Lazard. La nouveauté principale de cette approche est de ne pas construire ce foncteur explicitement sur tous les objets et les morphismes, en utilisant une formule de BCH établie au préalable; mais au contraire de construire l'"ADN" du foncteur de Lazard, c'est-à-dire un ensemble de données minimales le caractérisant étudié dans ce travail de thèse, et d'en déduire une formule de type BCH dans notre contexte. Cette démarche devrait pouvoir se généraliser et ainsi fournir une approche nouvelle et intéressante même de la formule BCH classique.The aim of this work consists of establishing the foundations and first steps of a research project which aims at a new understanding and generalization of the classical Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula with a conceptual approach, and its main application in group theory: refining a result of Mal'cev adapting the classical Lie correspondence to abstract groups, Lazard proved that the category of n-divisible n-step nilpotent groups is equivalent with the category of n-step nilpotent Lie algebras over the coefficient ring Z[1/2,…,1/n]. Generalizations to other algebraic structures than groups were obtained in the literature first for several varieties of loops (in particular Moufang, Bruck and Bol loops), and finally for all loops in recent work of Mostovoy, Pérez-Izquierdo and Shestakov. They invoke other types of algebras replacing Lie algebras in the respective context, namely Mal'cev algebras related with Moufang loops, Lie triple systems related with Bruck loops, Bol algebras with Bol algebras and finally Sabinin algebras with arbitrary loops. In each case, the associated type of algebras can be viewed as a linearization of the non-linear structure given by a given type of loops. This situation motivates a research program initiated by M. Hartl, namely of exhibiting suitable linearizations of all non-linear algebraic structures satisfying suitable conditions, namely all semiabelian varieties (of universal algebras, in the sense of universal algebra or of Lawvere). In fact, Hartl associated with any semi-abelian category C a multi-right exact (and hence multi-linear) functor operad on its abelian core. In the special case where C is a variety, this functor operad is even multicolimit preserving and by specialization is equivalent with an operad in abelian groups; the algebra type encoded by this operad provides a linearization of the given variety. Indeed, for each of the above-mentioned varieties of loops this algebra type coincides (over rational coefficients) with the one exhibited in the literature. These constructions and results are based on a new commutator theory in semi-abelian categories which itself relies on a calculus of functors in the framework of semi-abelian categories, both developed by Hartl in partial collaboration with B. Loiseau and T. Van der Linden. Now the project mentioned at the beginning constitutes the next major goal in this emerging general theory of linearization of algebraic structures: to generalize the Lazard equivalence and Baker- Campbell-Hausdorff formula to the context of semi-abelian varieties, and to deduce a way of explicitly computing the operad AbOp(C) from a given presentation of the variety C (more precisely, the operad obtained from AbOp(C) by tensoring its term of arity n with Z[1/2,…,1/n]). In the classical example of groups this would amount to deducing the structure of the Lie operad directly from the usual group axioms
Ant Colony Optimization in multiobjective portfolio selection
No full textDoerner KF, Gutjahr WJ, Hartl RF, Strauss C, Stummer C. Ant Colony Optimization in multiobjective portfolio selection. In: Proceedings of the 4th Metaheuristics International Conference (MIC). 2001: 243-248
Pareto Ant Colony Optimization: A metaheuristic approach to multiobjective portfolio selection
No full textDoerner KF, Gutjahr WJ, Hartl RF, Strauss C, Stummer C. Pareto Ant Colony Optimization: A metaheuristic approach to multiobjective portfolio selection. Annals of Operations Research. 2004;131(1-4):79-99
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