1,720,961 research outputs found
Makna Ragam Hias Śaṅkha Bersayap Pada Candi Hindu Dan Budha
Full text linkA temple is a religious building that used by Hindu and Buddhist devotees to do religious practices. The architectural form of temple is made to resemble a mountain as symbol of the gods’ house. Each decorative ornament carved in a temple represents the natural environment of heaven and it has meaning which was related with religious aspect. One of the most interesting decorative ornament carved in temple is the winged śaṅkha which usually was used as an attribute of deity. The goal of this research is to explain the meaning of winged śaṅkha ornament in temple. This research was conducted by collecting winged śaṅkha ornaments in Hindu and Buddhist temples. Data will be described and analysis will be conducted by comparing the winged śaṅkha ornaments with its mythology in Indian culture. The results showed that the winged śaṅkha have correlation with water element which could bring fertility. Therefore, the winged śaṅkha, as a symbol of water, can bring fertility and welfare to communities of surrounding temple
Studi Pendahuluan Bentuk Simbol Penyatuan dalam Tradisi India Kuno yang Ditemukan di Indonesia
Full text linkAbstract. Preliminary Study Of Unification Symbols Form From Ancient India Tradition Found In Indonesia. Humans and symbols have a bond that cannot be separated from each other because they always appear in a community group. During the Hindu-Buddhist period in Indonesia, various signs related to religion appeared. One of the religious practices that developed is the worship of the union of life. This study aims to identify the form of symbols and the meaning of the worship of the unification of life for the Hindu-Buddhist period. This study was conducted by collecting data on the worship of the union of life from various secondary sources in research reports, journals, and articles. Data collection is also focused on finding data on artifacts in Indonesia associated with symbols of the unification of life. The data collection results between mythology in India and artifacts in Indonesia are then synthesized to obtain a form of embodiment of the unification of life during the Hindu-Buddhist period in Indonesia. The study results show that the concept of the unification of life is symbolized in the linga-yoni, mudrā bodhyagrimudrā, and shatkona. Depictions of the yoni phallus and shatkona can be found in Indonesia. In Buddhism in Indonesia, the concept of the unification of life is symbolized in the mudrā bodhyagrimudrā found in the Mahavairocana Buddha statue. The gesture of the bodhyagrimudrā hand is a representation of the union of males and females. The depiction of the unification of life is more aimed at fulfilling religious needs, namely to achieve release (moksha) in Hinduism and achieve nirvana in Buddhism.
Abstrak. Manusia dan simbol memiliki ikatan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lain karena selalu muncul dalam suatu kelompok masyarakat. Pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia muncul berbagai simbol yang berkaitan dengan religi. Salah satu praktik religi yang berkembang adalah pemujaan penyatuan kehidupan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk simbol dan makna pemujaan penyatuan kehidupan bagi masyarakat pada masa Hindu-Buddha. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data mengenai pemujaan terhadap penyatuan kehidupan dari berbagai sumber sekunder berupa laporan penelitian, jurnal, dan artikel. Pengumpulan data juga difokuskan untuk mencari data objek artefak di Indonesia yang berhubungan dengan simbol penyatuan kehidupan. Hasil dari pengumpulan data antara mitologi di India dan artefak di Indonesia kemudian disintesiskan untuk mendapatkan bentuk perwujudan penyatuan kehidupan pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa konsep penyatuan kehidupan disimbolkan dalam lingga-yoni, mudrā bodhyagrimudrā, dan shatkona. Penggambaran lingga yoni dan shatkona dapat ditemukan di Indonesia. Dalam agama Buddha di Indonesia konsep penyatuan kehidupan disimbolkan dalam mudrā bodhyagrimudrā yang dijumpai pada arca Buddha Mahavairocana. Sikap tangan bodhyagrimudrā merupakan representasi penyatuan laki-laki dan perempuan. Penggambaran penyatuan kehidupan lebih ditujukan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan religi, yaitu mencapai pelepasan (moksha) dalam agama Hindu dan mencapai nirwana dalam agama Buddha
Pertimbangan Pemilihan Lokasi Kompleks Candi Dieng
Full text linkAbstract, Dieng Plateau is a highland area with an elevation between 2.000-2.100 meters above sea levels and has been used by people since the Hindu Buddhist period to carry out religious rituals. Its location has extreme weather conditions, complicated accessibility, and the threat of eruption from its volcanic mountains. Nevertheless, the conditions do not deter people to build temple compounds in Dieng Plateau. This research conduct to determine the factors underlying the Dieng Plateau as an area to build temple compounds. This research uses locational analysis which emphasizes two aspects are physical landscape and religious conceptual data. Both data are analyzed and synthesized to get factors regarding sacred and profane spaces that have considered in site selection. The results showed that although the Dieng Plateau provides a variety of natural resources that can be used to people’s needs. The physical landscape of the Dieng plateau is an embodiment of the concept of tirtha or the journey from \profane to sacred space. A journey that has the meaning of self-purification to achieve moksha. Elevation of location is a symbol of the axis mundi or intersection between the human world and the world of god. Religious factors seem to be quite dominant in the consideration of choosing the location of the Dieng Temple Complex. Abstrak, Dataran tinggi Dieng merupakan kawasan dataran tinggi dengan elevasi antara 2.000-2100 m.dpl. dan telah digunakan oleh masyarakat sejak masa Hindu Buddha untuk melakukan ritual keagamaan. Kawasan ini memiliki kondisi cuaca ekstrim, aksesbilitas rumit, dan ancaman bencana erupsi dari pegunungan api Dieng. Meskipun demikian, kondisi alam tersebut tidak menghalangi masyarakat untuk mendirikan kompleks bangunan suci di dataran tinggi Dieng. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor–faktor yang melatarbelakangi dipilihnya dataran tinggi Dieng sebagai tempat untuk melakukan ritual keagamaan. pendekatan yang dipakai adalah analisis lokasional yang menekankan pada dua variabel, yaitu lanskap fisik dan konsep keagamaan. Kedua data dari variabel kemudian dianalisis dan disintesiskan untuk mendapat faktor yang dipertimbangkan dalam pemilihan lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dataran tinggi Dieng merupakan perwujudan dari konsep lokasi, ruang, dan tempat sakral dalam agama Hindu. Lanskap fisik dataran tinggi Dieng merupakan perwujudan dari konsep tirtha atau perjalanan dari dunia profan menuju dunia sakral. Perjalanan yang memiliki makna penyucian diri untuk mencapai moksha. Lokasinya yang tinggi merupakan lambang dari axis mundi atau persinggungan antara dunia manusia dan dunia kedewataan. Faktor keagamaan nampaknya menjadi faktor yang cukup dominan dalam pertimbangan pemilihan lokasi Kompleks Candi Dieng
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Studi Terintegrasi Kelayakan Proses Injeksi Gas CO2 untuk Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) di Lapangan Minyak
Full text linkCO2 gas injection is once of recommended Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods by injecting CO2 through reservoir pore after reached its residual saturation, since CO2 dissolved easily in oil phase due to oil extraction as confirmed by many other researcher in pertaining field study. An integrated system is urgently required for assessing CO2-EOR feasibility study, covering multi disciplinary aspects as follows: geology, geophysics, reservoir, production, process and economic. Hence those systems must be reliable in suggesting final decision for feasibility study of CO2-EOR operation program, applicable either for pilot scale or full scale. This paper will proposing integrated system evaluation, which has following features: (1) Estimate fraction of dissolved CO2,(2) Estimate viscosity reduction, (3) Estimate future of oil productivity index resulted, (4) Estimate forecast of incremental oil recovery, (6) Estimate surface facilities equipment design, (7) Evaluate economical aspects, and (8) Generate final decision for feasibility of CO2-EOR operation program. Finally, as the main objective of this program, those system will present a picture of essential reason why we need to promote or reject CO2-EOR plan program, also some recommendations will presented in case of CO2-EOR plan does not perform from what it is supposed to be
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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