20,112 research outputs found
Being political and the reconstruction of public discourse: Hannah Arendt on experience, history and the spectator
No full textThis study analyses a number of Hannah Arendt’s books and essays written over fourdecades and suggests that a common thread can be detected that links together thedifferent stages of her thought. The need to do this follows from having to treat withcaution Arendt’s own judgement that in the mid-1930s her thinking changed when shebecame political. In relation to writings she produced throughout her life, what can beseen is that she was actually preoccupied by one and the same question, namely, whatit means to be with other people, she just looked for answers in different places andused different methods. The study shows how in her dissertation on Saint Augustine’streatment of love and such early published pieces as ‘The Enlightenment and theJewish Question’ and her commentary on Rilke’s Duino Elegies, Arendt was alreadychallenging Heidegger’s ontology, in Being and Time, of ‘being-with-one-another’.Her thinking at this time was purely empirical though, dependent upon interpretationsof history alone. Her later work, The Origins of Totalitarianism and The HumanCondition, for instance, reveal that Arendt’s political conversion amounted to therealisation that ontology and history are as necessary to each other as Kant’s conceptsand intuitions. Her defence of plurality therefore, represented both a reaction to theevils of totalitarianism on the grounds that it is an anti-political form of government,and a revised challenge to Heidegger’s assessment of das Man on his own terms. Inaddition though, Arendt’s depiction of public space and public discourse, suggestedthat choosing to be with others politically, is an antidote to the solitude of theindividual engendered by mass society
O agonismo no pensamento político de Hannah Arendt
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2014.Diante do fenômeno do totalitarismo e do niilismo europeu que culminou na morte do fundamento, Hannah Arendt procurou repensar a política contra o modo como ela era entendida na tradição da filosofia política. A politóloga alemã identificou uma desmedida da tradição nas tentativas de suplantar a contingência, instituir uma política da Verdade e uma política em nome do Bem entendido em termos absolutos. Contra essa hybris que tende a destruir a liberdade, e inspirada na Grécia trágica e na República Romana, Arendt elabora uma compreensão da política que é inerentemente agonística. Nela, o agonismo, a mútua contraposição de perspectivas na esfera pública, não seria um meio para atingir o consenso ou realizar um bem absoluto, mas a atividade através da qual os indivíduos e o mundo comum se revelam atualizando neste mundo a condição humana da pluralidade.Abstract : Starting from the phenomenon of totalitarianism and European nihilism that culminated in the death of the Ground, Hannah Arendt sought to rethink politics against the way it was understood in the tradition of political philosophy. The German political theorist identified hubris in the tradition in its attempts to overcome contingency, institute a policy of Truth and on behalf of Good understood in absolute terms. Against this hubris that tends to destroy freedom, and inspired by the tragic Greece and the Roman Republic, Arendt elaborates an understanding of politics that is inherently agonistic. In it, the agonism, the mutual contraposition of perspectives in the public sphere, would not be a means to reach consensus or performing an absolute good, but the activity through which individuals and the common world are revealed by updating in this world the human condition of plurality
Da construção à ruptura: repensando o direito a partir da ação política em Hannah Arendt
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2010A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo apresentar a teoria da ação de Hannah Arendt como uma alternativa válida a partir da qual se pode pensar tanto o papel da política quanto do direito em uma perspectiva de perda da tradição, tal como se evidencia na modernidade. Para tanto, o trabalho se divide em três partes. Inicialmente, propõe-se um retorno até o limiar desta tradição, quando a filosofia rompe definitivamente com a vida na polis e estabelece a vita contemplativa como padrão da conduta humana, em detrimento da política. Posteriormente, na segunda parte, a idéia é debater o processo de alienação do mundo, que implica em uma sobrevalorização do sujeito e uma redução da política e do direito à mera administração da vida. É neste espaço, em que os homens vivem isolados uns dos outros, preocupados com seus interesses privados, que os regimes totalitários encontram seu principal apoio em sua tarefa de eliminar a espontaneidade humana, subjugando o homem às leis irresistíveis da história ou da Natureza. Como resposta à ruptura totalitária, Arendt sugere a revalorização da ação política e da esfera pública como o espaço instituinte na modernidade. Portanto, a ordem jurídica, que oferece a estabilidade necessária para a constituição de um espaço público, deve ser constantemente atualizada por meio participação política
The light of the eye : doctrine, piety and reform in the works of Thomas Sherlock, Hannah More and Jane Austen
No full textBibliography: leaves 376-401.This thesis investigates the ways in which three eighteenth-century writers, Bishop Thomas Sherlock, Hannah More and Jane Austen embody orthodox Anglican doctrine according to their individual perceptions of the enlightening properties of Protestant Christianity. After situating them in their respective gender, literary and ecclesiastical contexts, I examine some of their key doctrines and analyse excerpts from their works. My selection of passages from Sherlock's works is fairly comprehensive, but in the case of More and Austen, where there is already a formidable body of literary criticism, it is more selective. Thus, I focus on doctrine in More's tracts, Strictures on the System of Female Education, An Essay on St Paul and most especially Coelebs in Search of a Wife and in the case of Austen, on her prayers and select passages from Sense and Sensibility and Mansfield Park. I conclude that, although diverse in their particular kind of Anglicanism (High, Evangelical and Median) and in their choice of genre, transparency or obscurity (anonymity and pseudonymity) and the various narratological strategies some of them invoke to circumvent certain taboos, Sherlock, More and Austen champion the same central orthodox doctrines, defend them against current alternatives to orthodoxy such as Latitudinarianism, Deism and various forms of Freethinking, and promote similar moral and ecclesiastical reforms. However, indirectly (through female characters who resist male representation or control) the women writers subject their ostensibly authorially-endorsed male narrators/characters to scrutiny and sometimes (when the males objectify the women) subversion
O fenômeno da vontade em Hannah Arendt
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2013.Neste trabalho tratamos da faculdade espiritual da vontade sob a perspectiva fenomenológica de Hannah Arendt. Tomamos como base as últimas reflexões arendtianas, que compõem sua obra A vida do espírito, e seguimos seu percurso pela História da vontade com a pretensão de identificar o que de mais significativo Arendt encontrou nos pensadores que escolheu para dialogar, e que a auxiliaram a compor sua própria concepção sobre a vontade. Procuramos mostrar as motivações que a levaram a se ocupar com questões relativas à vida interior ao mesmo tempo em que reconhecemos não apenas que a ação pode ser considerada o mote norteador de toda a sua obra, mas também o fato de que a Filosofia sempre fora o fundamento sólido de suas análises; e para tanto, elencamos as principais características de sua metodologia com o intuito de evidenciar que além de teoria ou ciência política o que Arendt exercitou ao longo de sua existência foi a reflexão filosófica. Identificamos as falácias metafísicas encontradas por ela em seus escritos sobre as atividades mentais, por considerar que sejam o seu ponto de partida no movimento que realizou de desconstrução da metafísica. Mostramos a importância de pensadores da Tradição judaico-cristã, como São Paulo, Santo Agostinho e Duns Scotus, imprescindíveis para que Arendt identificasse tanto a descoberta da vontade como uma faculdade espiritual quanto a noção de contingência, sobre a qual ela se apoia para fundamentar sua noção de vontade livre e causadora de atos. Por defender a ideia de que a vontade é sua própria causa, observamos que Arendt se contrapõe à concepção kantiana da causalidade pela liberdade transcendental (da vontade), e também à defesa de Kant da vontade subjugada à razão prática. Mostramos que, para Arendt, a vontade e o pensamento são atividades mentais distintas e que a coexistência entre elas não é apenas possível, mas necessária. Nesse contexto, abordamos o repúdio ao querer identificado por Arendt, principalmente, em Heidegger, por meio da leitura atenta que ele faz dos escritos nietzschianos. Após este percurso, inferimos que Arendt faz em sua última obra uma fenomenologia da vida interior, posto que tenha se ocupado em identificar as experiências que atestam e confirmam a existência das atividades mentais básicas do pensar, do querer e do julgar. Evidenciamos que o pensamento de Bergson interessa a Arendt para que ela possa fundamentar sua defesa do "eu-quero" como um "dado imediato da consciência" que confirma a existência da faculadade espiritual da vontade. Por fim, mostramos que o pensamento de Hannah Arendt, pela atitude que toma diante da Tradição, e pelo movimento que realiza de desconstruí-la para recuperar as experiências reais das atividades espirituais que se encontram encobertas por camadas de argumentos falaciosos, insere-se no âmbito do pensamento pós-metafísico <br
On the Critique of Secular Ethics: An Essay with Flannery O'Connor and Hannah Arendt
No full textReferring to Hannah Arendt's book Eichmann in Jerusalem, the Southern US fiction writer Flannery O'Connor expressed the effect of the revelations about the horrors of Nazi Germany as "haunting". Taking this comment and her admiration of Arendt as a cue, this article rereads Flannery O'Connor's fictional depiction of secular characters. Usually lauded or critiqued for her entanglement in 'otherworldly' concerns, here these concerns become comprehensible as much as political intervention as motivated by 'religious' belief. O'Connor's frequently humorous use of her fiction as a retort to the secular world was inflected by her reading of Eric Voegelin's contemporary secularization thesis with its criticism of all 'isms'. In this context, O'Connor's admiration for Arendt becomes all the more intriguing (since Arendt's interpretations of the human condition clashed with Voegelin's), and allows one to stage a theoretical meeting in order to explore O'Connor's depiction of the secular in relation to a speculative exploration of how Arendt might have responded to the fiction of O'Connor. Such a staging is accomplished here via a reading of O'Connor's short story 'The Lame Shall Enter First' read against Arendt's concerns, principally those expressed in The Human Condition
"In this moment of alarm and peril": Female Education, Religion and Politics In the Late Eighteenth Century, With special reference to Catharine Macaulay and Hannah More
No full textPhDCatharine Macaulay and Hannah More are conventionally represented as
ideological opposites. Through an analysis which centres on their writings, this
thesis critically examines that representation, and more broadly explores
contemporary perceptions of the roles of women of the middling sort in the late
eighteenth century. It argues that revolution, particularly the French Revolution,
created a climate wherein the duties of women became the subject of increasing
debate. The discussion challenges and builds upon recent work on women's
writing and history, by examining how and why the role of women changed at this
time. This work is concerned with contemporary representations of women, and
concentrates on analysis of primary texts and archival material over a wide range
of genres, including educational treatises, plays, popular tracts, political pamphlets,
historical writing and newspapers - the latter proving a major resource.
Following a critical introduction, the thesis falls into four chapters. Chapter one
discusses the reputation, critical reception and public fame of Macaulay and More,
thereby providing insights into contemporary sexual and social politics. Women
were considered arbiters of morals and manners - believed to play a vital role in
ensuring social stability - and the second chapter examines how the threat of
revolution led to increasing anxiety and debate about the nature of female
education. The third and fourth chapters discuss religion and politics respectively,
and argue that beliefs about the interdependency of Church and State, together with
the feminization of religion, legitimized women's involvement in politics and
enlarged their sphere of influence.
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The conclusion argues that the political and religious climate provided
opportunities for women to reassess and redefine their roles; while often remaining
within parameters defined by commonly held perceptions of femininity, they
politicized the domestic, extended female agency, and elevated the status of
women
Going Beyond the Ensemble Mean: Assessment of Future Floods From Global Multi‐Models
Get PDFFuture changes in the occurrence of flood events can be estimated using multi‐model ensembles to inform adaption and mitigation strategies. In the near future, these estimates could be used to guide the updating of exceedance probabilities for flood control design and water resources management. However, the estimate of return levels from ensemble experiments represents a challenge: model runs are affected by biases and uncertainties and by inconsistencies in simulated peak flows when compared with observed data. Moreover, extreme value distributions are generally fit to ensemble members individually and then averaged to obtain the ensemble fit with loss of information. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model for assessing changes in future peak flows, and the uncertainty coming from global climate, global impact models and their interaction. The model we propose allows use of all members of the ensemble at once for estimating changes in the parameters of an extreme value distribution from historical to future peak flows. The approach is applied to a set of grid‐cells in the eastern United States to the full and to a constrained version of the ensemble. We find that, while the dominant source of uncertainty in the changes varies across the domain, there is a consensus on a decrease in flood magnitudes toward the south. We conclude that projecting future flood magnitude under climate change remains elusive due to large uncertainty mostly coming from global models and from the intrinsic uncertain nature of extreme values
Leveraging diversity in American academic medicine. The Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program
No full textPeer reviewe
Landsat MSS classification of fire fuel types in Wood Buffalo National Park, northern Canada
No full textJ1: Global Ecology & Biogeography Letters; M3: Article; Milne, David Franklin, Steven E. Wilson, Bradley A. Ghitter, Geoff Heathcott, Mark McCaffrey, Thomas M. Ow, Charlotte F. Y.; Source Information: Mar1994, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p33; Subject Term: FOREST fires; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canada (Wood Buffalo National Park); Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel type classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat data; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Articl
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