1,721,010 research outputs found
Visual summarisation of text for surveillance and situational awareness in hospitals
No full textNosocomial infections (NIs, any infection that a patient contracts in a healthcare institution) cost 100; 000 lives and five billion dollars per year for 300 million Americans alone. Surveillance in hospitals holds the potential of reducing NI rates by more than thirty per cent but performing this task by hand is impossible at scale of every appointment, examination, intervention, and other event in healthcare. Narratives in patient records can indicate NIs and their automated processing could scale out surveillance. This paper describes a text summarisation system for NI surveillance and situational awareness in hospitals. The system is a cascaded sentence, report, and patient classifier. It generates three types of visual summaries for an input of patient narratives and ward maps: cross-sectional statuses at the same point of time, longitudinal trends in time, and highlighted text to see the textual evidence leading to a given status or trend. This gives evidence for and against a given NI in the levels of hospitals, wards, patients, reports, and sentences. The system has excellent recall and precision (e.g., 0.95 and 0.71 for reports) in summarisation for the subset of NIs from fungal species on 1; 880 authentic records of 527 patients from 3 hospitals. To demonstrate the system design, we have developed a mobile iPad compatible web-application and a simulation with eighteen patients on three medical wards in one hospital during one month with 61 records in total. The design is extendable to other summarisation tasks.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Downlink interference analysis in DS-CDMA for unequal power requirements: The dirty user problem
No full textDownlink interference analysis within direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems is considered in this paper. Although orthogonal codes are used at the base-station transmitter, multi-path and different power requirements of terminals mean that substantial multiple access interference is suffered at the terminals. With the multitude of terminals available for 2G and 3G systems, inefficient terminal design leads to the "Dirty User Problem", that is, where a terminal requests more power from the base-station than an alternate terminal located at the same position. A "dirty user" causes higher interference on all other users in the cell and ultimately limits the capacity of the downlink link of a DS-CDMA system. This paper investigates this affect by determining the performance degradation in terms of the percentage of dirty users and their power requirement, compared to a conventional receiver
The body area network channel model: A new look at second-order statistics
No full textWe adopt an innovative approach, previously applied to first order statistics of body area networks (BANs), across multiple links and multiple subjects, to important second-order statistics of radio propagation for BANs. Here it is demonstrated that for statistics of fade durations, level crossing intervals and non-fade durations, where direct characterizations are made of these statistics, an absolute measure allows us to compare across a spectrum of possible second-order characterizations; ranging from single-parameter for an entire ensemble, through to per-activity, per-subject and per-link based parameterized models. The deficiency of specifying one value (or a few mean values) for either level-crossing rate, average fade duration, or average nonfade duration, with respect to either a median or mean channel gain, is demonstrated with respect to a very large 'open-access' dataset, and particularly 150 hours of 'everyday' on-body link data within that dataset. It is also demonstrated that a 2-parameter lognormal fit, to agglomerate empirical second-order data, is generally simple, accurate and sufficient to characterize fade durations, non-fade durations, and level-crossing intervals
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