1,721,035 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Impact of scale of aggregation on associations of cardiovascular hospitalization and socio-economic disadvantage, 2017
No full textThis 'impact of scale' project was conducted to assess the effect of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) which is inherent in the spatial units used in Australian health surveillance and health data dissemination. We found that analysis of associations of cardiovascular hospitalization and socio-economic disadvantage in data from Canberra (Australia’s capital city) were different when aggregated to smaller areal units than those commonly used for data dissemination. This suggests that this practice may be contributing to the contortion (and possible obscuration) of the observable associations between diseases and socio-economic disadvantage in this city
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The impacts of climate change on three health outcomes: Temperature-related mortality and hospitalisations, salmonellosis and other bacterial gastroenteritis, and population at risk from dengue
No full textClimate change will affect the health of Australians over this century in many ways. Some impacts will become evident before others. Some will occur via quite direct pathways (e.g. heatwaves and death); others will occur via indirect pathways entailing disturbances of natural ecological systems (e.g. mosquito population range and activity) or disruption to livelihoods and communities (e.g. mental health consequences of prolonged droughts and regional drying trends). Most health impacts will occur at different levels among regions and population sub-groups, reflecting the influence of environment, socioeconomic circumstances, infrastructural and institutional resources, and local preventive (adaptive) strategies on the patterns of disease. The likely health impacts are many and varied. The main health risks in Australia from climate change include: health impacts of weather disasters (floods, storms, cyclones, bushfires, etc.), health impacts of temperature extremes, including heatwaves, mosquito-borne infectious diseases (e.g. dengue fever, Ross River virus disease), food-borne infectious diseases (including those due to Salmonella, Campylobacter and many other microbes), water-borne infectious diseases, and other health risks from poor water quality, diminished food availability: yields, costs/affordability, nutritional consequences, increases in urban air pollution (e.g. ozone), and the interaction of this environmental health hazard with meteorological conditions, changes in aeroallergens (spores, pollens), potentially exacerbating asthma and other allergic respiratory diseases, mental health consequences of social, economic and demographic dislocations (e.g. in parts of rural Australia, and via disruptions to traditional ways of living in remote Indigenous communities) At this stage of research and understanding, and in context of available time and resources, it is only possible to include a minority of those anticipated health impacts in this quantitative modelling exercise
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Using reproducible research pipelines to help disentangle health effects of environmental changes from social factors
Get PDFThe scientific questions motivating this thesis relate to the
health effects of environmental changes including droughts,
bushfires, woodsmoke, duststorms and heatwaves. Such questions
require us to attempt to disentangle health effects of
environmental changes from social factors as all diseases have
multiple causal factors. Environmental exposures should be
explored in the context of many other variables that comprise the
biological and socioeconomic milieu. Investigators often narrow
the focus to a single environmental cause and health effect. A
simple example is bushfire smoke and its direct effects on
cardiorespiratory disease. A more complex example is the indirect
relationship between drought and suicide. Even simple questions
require consideration of numerous putative causes and
confounders. Adequately controlling for all these factors in
statistical models is difficult. Furthermore results might be
sensitive to choice of analysis procedure, or otherwise
error-prone due to the many steps.
Such difficulties have led to what some researchers assert is a
‘reproducibility crisis’ where many scientific publications
are difficult or impossible to reproduce. This, with fallacious
findings, harms scientific credibility. Reproducibility of data
analysis is defined as the ability to recompute results, given a
dataset and knowledge of the method’s steps. A key problem
impairing reproducibility is inadequate documentation of the
numerous steps and decisions required for the computations.
Reproducible research pipelines allow data and software (such as
analysis code) to be disseminated with publications, enhancing
reproducibility. However, this approach often places a
considerable burden on the analyst. This thesis identifies
effective methods for implementing reproducible research
pipelines in environmental epidemiology, aiming to reduce this
burden.
In addition to the contribution to methodology which this
constitutes, the thesis also includes a range of peer reviewed
papers (along with accompanying datasets and software packages of
code) published by the author, which also add to knowledge. Key
findings include health effects of environmental changes relevant
to debates about climate change. Reproducibility of these
findings enhances their credibility in response to the heightened
scepticism of those debates. Important insights included the
finding that the risk of suicide in New South Wales increases in
rural men during drought but decreases during droughts for women.
Another striking finding was that while bushfire smoke and
duststorms each increased cardiorespiratory mortality risk in
Sydney, they appear to do so in different ways, with dust having
a much higher risk estimate than biomass smoke.
In cases such as this where findings are novel, unexpected or
contradict accepted opinion, the scientific method stresses the
need for scepticism and critical review. Reproducible research
pipelines strengthen our ability to conduct such review beyond
what was available in the traditional research model. Not only
does the use of pipelines make methodological choices and
assumptions more transparent; doing so also safeguards against
data misuse by making errors easier to find. Encoding analysis
steps in a computer ‘scripting’ language and distributing the
data and code with publications aids readers to assess (and
challenge) each choice of data or methods. This will help
minimise mistakes in the execution or interpretation of research
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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