43 research outputs found
Effect of perinatal factors on time of first stool passage in preterm newborns: An open, prospective study
No full textAbstractBackground:Delayed passage of first stool by a newborn after birth might be an initial sign of clinical problems, such as meconium ileus, meconium plug syndrome, and intestinal atresia. Successful treatment of these conditions depends on early diagnosis, so it is imperative to note the time of first stool passage.Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the timing of first stool passage by preterm newborns in relation to antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and a glucocorticoid (betamethasone) and to other perinatal factors, such as gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and time of first enteral feeding.Methods:The subjects in this prospective, open study were preterm newbornswho were born before 37 weeks' gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of Baskent University, Adana Teaching and Research Center, and Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, between June 2003 and August 2004. Effects of antenatal exposure to MgSO4 and glucocorticoid on the timing of first stool passage were assessed by comparing findings in exposed newborns to findings in an equal-sized group of gestational-age-matched subjects, derived from the study cohort, who were not exposed. Relationships between time of first stool passage and both gestational age and time of first enteral feeding were assessed.Results:Two hundred premature newborns (112 males, 88 females) were included in the study. The median age at the time of first stool passage was 16 hours, and 187 (93.5%) passed their first stool by 72 hours after birth. Delayed passage of first stool was noted in 33 (16.5%) newborns. One hundred sixty-eight (84.0%) newborns passed stool before enteral feeding was started. Gestational age and time to first enteral feeding were both significantly correlated with time of first stool passage (gestational age: r = −0.259, P < 0.001; first enteral feeding: r = 0.168, P = 0.017). Time of first stool passage was significantly later in 46 newborns with RDS than in 46 gestation al-age-matched newborns without RDS (mean [SD], 44.7 [39.7] vs 20.5 [18.4] hours, respectively; P < 0.05). The newborns whose mothers had received MgSO4 for tocolysis passed their first stool significantly later than gestational-age-matched controls (mean [SD], 26.5 [26.9] vs 11.3 [12.1] hours, respectively; P < 0.05). Antenatal exposure to betamethasone was not significantly correlated with timing of first stool passage.Conclusions:The results suggest that delayed passage of first stool in thesepreterm newborns was associated with gestational immaturity, delayed first enteral feeding, and RDS. Antenatal maternal exposure to MgSO4 was associated with later first stool passage in these preterm newborns, whereas antenatal exposure to betamethasone was not
Is it Accurate to Separate Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia as Deficient and Normal?
No full textBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in term and late preterm babies with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and its relationship to the severity and treatment of this disorder, regardless of level of G6PD activity (deficient/normal).MethodsA total of 529 term and late preterm (≥35 weeks) infants (228 female, 301 male) who were diagnosed with severe hyperbilirubinemia were included in this study. In each case, serum was collected to evaluate blood group, direct Coombs' test, complete blood cell count, total and direct bilirubin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and G6PD activity. A partial correlation analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between G6PD activity and total bilirubin levels.ResultsA significant correlation was found between the severity of hyperbilirubinemia and G6PD activity in both males and females. Male neonates who had G6PD levels <12 U/g Hb required more phototherapy time than neonates who had G6PD levels ≥12 U/g Hb; and female neonates who had G6PD levels <16 U/g Hb required more phototherapy time than neonates who had G6PD levels ≥16 U/g Hb (p < 0.0001). When we analyzed only breastfed infants, a significant difference also emerged in both sexes. Decreased G6PD activity was associated with increased phototherapy time and the need for exchange transfusion.ConclusionRoutine checks of G6PD level in hyperbilirubinemic neonates are very important in providing proper medical management to prevent bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction. Appropriate identification of G6PD (<12 U/g Hb for male infants and <16 U/g Hb for female infants) raises awareness of the severity of the condition and the necessity for immediate care of severe hyperbilirubinemic infants
Determination of Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid DNA Profiles of Esherichia coli Strains Isolated from Clinical Materials
No full textIn this study, E. coli strains, isolated from different clinical materials, were analysed according to their antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid DNA profiles. When the incidence of E. coli infections are considered, more E. coli infections were observed in females than in males. Of the all E. coli strains isolated from clinical materials, 27% were resistant to only one antibiotic, 25% were resistant to 6 antibiotics and resistance to all 8 antibiotics was established as 6%. In addition to these, resistance rate was highest for ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, whereas lowest resistance was displayed against Piperacillin/Tazobactam. According to the antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli strains, 10 different antibiotypes were generated and the one, which was observed in highest frequency includes ampicillin resistant property in itself (antibiotype 1). When the plasmid profiles of E. coli strains are examined, the profile which includes single band was observed as the most frequent one. It was also established that most of the E. coli strains, which were classified in that plasmid profile, acquire the properties of antibiotype I. Besides it was also observed that; some of the E. coli strains, which do not contain any plasmid in their cells showed resistance to various antibiotics. (c) 2010 Friends Science Publisher
Relationship Between Middle Trapezius Muscle Activation and Acromiohumeral Distance Change During Shoulder Elevation With Scapular Retraction
No full textContext: The scapular retraction exercises are widely used among clinicians to balance the activity of the scapular muscles as well as the rotator cuff muscles in different shoulder abduction positions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between scapular (middle and upper trapezius) and shoulder muscles (middle deltoid and infraspinatus) activation level differences and acromiohumeral distance changes during shoulder abduction with scapular retraction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Nineteen asymptomatic individuals were included (mean [SD]: age = 22.4 [1.8] y). Main Outcome Measure: The acromiohumeral distance was measured at 0° and 90° shoulder abduction when the scapula was in nonretracted and retracted position with ultrasound imaging. The relationship between muscle activation level changes and acromiohumeral distance difference was analyzed with the Pearson correlation test. Results: Middle trapezius muscle activity change correlated with acromiohumeral distance difference (r = .55, P = .02) from 0° to 90° shoulder abduction when scapula was retracted. For both nonretracted and retracted scapular positions, no correlations were found between middle deltoid, infraspinatus, and upper trapezius muscle activity changes with acromiohumeral distance differences during shoulder abduction (P > .05). Conclusions: Active scapular retraction exercise, especially focusing on the middle trapezius muscle activation, seems to be an effective treatment option to optimize the acromiohumeral distance during shoulder abduction.</jats:p
PP-220. Our clinical experience of central venous catheterization in very low birth weight infants
No full textPP-162. Neonatal total parenteral nutrition ascites following umbilical venous catheterization in a preterm newborn
No full textInvestigation of Biofilm Formation in Clinical Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
No full textKlebsiella species which are natural colonizers of human upper respiratory and human gastrointestinal tracts are also responsible for every reoccurring nosocomial infections by means of having ability to form slimy layers known as biofilm on many surfaces. Therefore, in this study, investigation of biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae and K. rhinoscleromatis and examination of each Klebsiella strains' clinical information in the light of their biofilm formation results were aimed. In this respect, biofilm formation of Klebsiella strains was analyzed via crystal violet binding assay. According to our results, biofilm formation levels of K. pneumoniae and K. rhinoscleromatis strains were different from each other. Additionally, in comparison to K. rhinoscleromatis strains, K. pneumoniae was observed to include higher amounts of strong biofilm forming strains. Besides, it was also seen that clinical information of patients from which strong biofilm forming Klebsiella strains were isolated were similar to each other. Our results indicate that there should be more precautions against K. pneumoniae which includes higher amount of strong biofilm forming strains
Isokinetic Strength Profile Of Shoulder Internal And External Rotators Of Adolescent Volleyball Players
No full textObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of limb dominance and gender on isometric, eccentric and concentric strength of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles in adolescent volleyball players. Methods: Forty adolescent volleyball players [Male: 23( Age: 15.5±1.4 yrs, Body weight: 72±10.2 kg, Height: 184.4±7.6 cm, BMI: 20.9±2.6 kg/m2), Female: ( Age: 16.7±0.9 yrs, Body weight: 60.7±8.2 kg, Height: 172.5±5.3 cm, BMI: 20.4±2.3 kg/m2) participated in this study. Isomed 2000 isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength testing. Isometric strength testing of shoulder internal and external rotator muscles were performed at 90 ° shoulder abduction and external rotation position. In the same position, concentric and eccentric muscle testing was performed at 90°/s angular velocity. Strength outcomes were recorded as Nm/kg. 2-way repeated measures of ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: Dominance by gender interaction was not found significant for internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscles' strength (IR: F(1,72)=2.87, p=0.06, ER: F(1,72)=1.98, p=0.15). There was a significant strength by dominance interaction for internal rotator muscles (F(2,72)=18.52, p<0.001). Isometric strength was greater in dominant limb (p<0.001)while concentric strength was found greater in non-dominant limb(p=0.006). Eccentric strength was found similar for limbs (p=0.18). IR muscles showed greater strength during eccentric (1.03±0.05), concentric (0.76±0.03) and isometric test (0.69±0.03), respectively. On the other hand, external rotators showed greater strength during eccentric (0.49±0.4), isometric (0.40±0.3) and concentric test (0.36±0.3), respectively. There was no significant gender effect on the strength (IR: F(2,72)=0.31, p=0.73, ER: F(2,72)=0.42, p=0.66). Conclusion: The strength of shoulder internal and external rotator muscles do not differ according to gender in adolescent volleyball players. Limb dominance has an effect on the strength of internal rotator muscles while it has no effect on the strength of external rotators. Both muscle groups show greater strength during eccentric testing.PubMe
Antibiofilm Effects of Citrus Limonum and Zingiber Officinale Oils on Biofilm Formation of Klebsiella Ornithinolytica, Klebsiella Oxytoca and Klebsiella Terrigena Species
No full textBackground: Microbial cells growing in biofilms, play a huge role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, biofilm formation of Klebsiella strains belonging to 3 different Klebsiella species (K. ornithinolytica, K. oxytoca and K. terrigena), cooccurences’ effect on biofilm formation amount and anti-biofilm effects of Citrus limon and Zingiber officinale essential oils on biofilm formations of highest biofilm forming K. ornithinolytica, K. oxytoca and K. terrigena strains were determined. Materials and Methods: Anti-biofilm effects of Citrus limon and Zingiber officinale essential oils on biofilm formations of highest biofilm forming K. ornithinolytica, K. oxytoca and K. terrigena strains were investigated. Results: 57% of K. ornithinolytica strains and 50% of K. oxytoca strains were found as Strong Biofilm Forming (SBF), there wasn’t any SBF strain in K. terrigena species. In addition to this, clinical materials of urine and sperm were found as the most frequent clinical materials for strong biofilm forming K. ornithinolytica and K. oxytoca isolations respectively (63%; 100%) Secondly, all K. ornithinolytica strains isolated from surgical intensive care unit and all K. oxytoca strains isolated from service units of urology were found as SBF. Apart from these, although the amount of biofilm, formed by co-occurence of K. ornithinolytica - K. oxytoca and K. oxytoca - K. terrigena were more than the amount ofbiofilm formed by themselves separately, biofilm formation amount of co-occurrence of K. ornitholytica - K. terrigena strains was lower than biofilm formation amount of K. ornithinolytica but higher than biofilm formation amount of K. terrigena. Conclusion: The antibiofilm effects of Citrus limonum and Zingiber officinale essential oils could be used against biofilm Klebsiella aquired infections.PubMedWo
Determination of tissue hypoxia by physicochemical approach in premature anemia
No full textAnemia is a common problem in premature infants and its most rapid and effective therapy is erythrocyte transfusion. However, owing to inherent risks of transfusion in this population, transfusions should be administered only when adequate oxygen delivery to tissues is impaired. The aim of this study was to determine tissue acid levels using Stewart method in an attempt to evaluate the tissue oxygenation level and thereby the accuracy of transfusion timing.
Methods: This study included 47 infants delivered at gestational age below 34 weeks who required erythrocyte transfusion for premature anemia. Strong ion gap (SIG), unmeasurable anions (UMA), tissue acid levels (TA), and Cl/Na ratios were calculated before and after transfusion.
Results: The mean birth weight and gestational age of the study population were 1210 ± 365 g and 29.2 ± 2.7 weeks, respectively. Tissue acid levels were increased (TA ≥ 4) and tissue hypoxia developed in 10 (16.6%) of 60 erythrocyte transfusions administered according to the restrictive transfusion approach. The patients were divided into two groups according to tissue acid levels as low (<4) and high (≥4) tissue acid groups. The group with tissue hypoxia (TA ≥ 4) had significantly higher UMA levels but a significantly lower Cl/Na ratio; and UMA levels decreased and Cl/Na ratio increased after transfusion in this group. Tissue hypoxia secondary to anemia was shown to be improved by erythrocyte transfusion.
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that the determination of the level of tissue hypoxia by the Stewart approach may be an alternative to restrictive transfusion guidelines for timing of transfusion in premature anemia. It also showed that a low Cl/Na ratio can be used as a simple marker of tissue hypoxia
