78 research outputs found
Porobelba weigmanni Miko, 2008, n.sp.
No full textPorobelba weigmanni n.sp. Diagnosis: Porobelba with characteristic, hypertrophied, lyriform notogastral setae c1 inserted on tubercular papillae; other notogastral setae very thin, minute. Prodorsum with one pair of tubercles (Da) behind insertions of interlamellar setae. Spinae adnatae acute, thorn-like, oriented slightly laterad and ventrad. Description of the adult (immatures unknown) General characters: Body 390-405 µm long (two specimens measured); as in other species of the genus covered by very thick layer of mostly filamentous cerotegument. Body colour brown or yellowish brown, as usual in the genus. Adults bearing reticulate exuvial scalps on the notogaster. Prodorsum: Broadly triangular, without propodolateral apophysis P (Fig. 1A, 3A). Rostrum broadly oval, with small naso-like protuberance. Bothridia quite distant from notogaster (as usual for Porobelba), funnel-like. Sensillus (Fig. 3C) medium long, setiform, covered by cerotegument except at tip. Interlamellar seta (in) relatively short, about one third of sensillus length, also covered by cerotegument. Exobothridial seta (ex) shorter than in, curved, hardly visible under cerotegument. Rostral and lamellar setae of similar size, in normal positions. One pair of prodorsal tubercles (Da) present behind insertions of setae in. Parastigmatic apophyses well developed, thorn-like, oblique, Sa larger than Sp. Notogaster. Oval, with quite gracile, thorn-like spinae adnatae, oriented laterad and ventrad. Notogastral setae heterogeneous and characteristic: first pair of setae (c1) hypertrophied, oriented anteriad and curved mediad, creating lyriform shape (Figs. 1A, 3A), covered by cerotegument, inserted on small but distinct papilliform tubercles; other notogastral setae much shorter, thin, filiform, with size decreasing posteriorly. Area porosa between setae h1 well developed but quite small, oval (Fig. 3B). Setae ps2 longer than other posterior notogastral setae. Ventral characters: Characters of ventral side (Fig. 1B) obscured by thick layer of cerotegument. Discidium (dis) ceratiform, slightly curved posteriad. Epimeral setation 3-1-3-3; setae similar in size to other ventral setae, except lateral ones slightly longer. Standard set of 6 genital, 1 aggenital, 2 anal and 3 adanal setae present, as usual in Damaeidae. Anogenital region with apertures well separated; genital only slightly smaller than anal. Gnathosoma (Characters were studied only on non-dissected individuals, and therefore cannot be described in full detail): Type and form of gnathosoma as usual for Damaeidae. Chelicerae (Fig. 2D) robust, well sclerotised, both digitus fixus and digitus mobilis with strong tubercular teeth. Palps with elongated tarsus. Setation of palp (tarsal solenidion not included) 0-2-1-3-8, four distal setae on tarsus eupathidial (Fig. 2E). Legs: Monodactyl and moniliform as usual in Porobelba, as long as or shorter than body, covered by cerotegument (Fig. 2 A-C), making setation difficult to study. Setal formula of legs identical to that of P. spinosa (see Norton 1977), as follows (solenidia and famulus not included): I: 1-7-4-4- 19 II: 1-6-4-4- 17 III: 2-4-3-3- 16 IV: 1-4-3-4-13. Solenidia quite short, except [[phi]]1 long, setiform, tactile. Solenidion of tibia IV coupled with seta d. Famulus emergent, short, simple, setiform. Material examined: 2 individuals collected in Pieniny National Park, North-East Slovakia, in moist litter of Tilio-Acerion forests on limestone screes; with Tilia, Fagus, Acer and Phyllitis, on north-west slope of Klástorná hora hill, 18.4.1987, sample Nr. LM-190-87 (1 individual, paratype) and 21.8.1988, sample Nr. LM-319-88 (1 individual, holotype), L.Miko lgt. Material is preserved unmounted, in ethanol. The holotype has been deposited in Acarological Collections of Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz (Germany); the paratype is in the private collection of the author. Discussion. The new species is easily distinguishable from other known species of Porobelba by the presence of prodorsal tubercles Da and by the unusual heterogeneity of notogastral setae. The lyriform setae c1 contrast strongly with the remaining notogastral setae which are smooth, fine and much shorter. The common type-species of the genus, P. spinosa, has setae c1 that are also larger than others, but are straight and parallel, oriented anteriad (Fig. 4A); other notogastral setae are shorter, but are about half the length of c1. The sensillus of P. spinosa (Fig. 4A, C) is relatively longer, and the prodorsum lacks tubercles. The Iberian species P. grandjeanica differs clearly by lacking spinae adnatae; other characters are very similar to those of P. spinosa (Grandjean 1954; Subías 1977). Porobelba weigmanni n. sp. has been found in quite specific habitat, rich in many other oribatid species, in a cenosis dominated by Chamobates borealis (Trägårdh, 1902), Ch. voigtsi (Oudemans, 1902) and Parachipteria punctata (Nicolet, 1855), and together with some rather rare species such as Hungarobelba visnyai (Balogh, 1938) or Notophthiracarus (Calyptophthiracarus) pavidus (Berlese, 1913). Despite quite intensive sampling in Pieniny National Park, only two individuals were found, both from an unusual microhabitat: organic soil within the crevices in limestone scree on slopes. It is speculative to judge from two collections, but given this apparent specificity, and the fact that the Pieniny area was not glaciated in the last ice age, the species may be relictual. Although P. spinosa, occurs in Pieniny as well, it prefers more open habitats (meadows or meadows with shrubs, Juniperus sp. growths or drier litter of Pinus sylvestris forests) and the two species were never found together in the same sample nor the same habitat. Another species has been described from Austrian Carinthia by Mihelcic (1955) and placed into this genus: Porobelba robusta Mihelcic, 1955. The original description and illustrations suggest that the species lacks some generic characters of Porobelba, including the notogastral porose area. In addition, the author claimed similarity of this species to Kunstidamaeus diversipilis (Willmann, 1951) (sub Belba diversipilis), which belongs to a group of genera that can be considered Damaeus sensu lato. Although the figures are of low quality, it seems that P. robusta does have some characters found in this group but not in Porobelba. Collectively, the larger size, the similarity in length and shape of sensillus and interlamellar seta, the presence of a blunt apophysis P on the prodorsum, the slightly outwards curved spinae adnatae and the strong, curved notogastral setae indicate that P. robusta probably belongs to Spatiodamaeus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967. There is superficial similarity to described species, e. g. Spatiodamaeus boreus (Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957), but there is no information about important species-level characters, such as various prodorsal tubercles. Therefore, P. robusta is here excluded from Porobelba, and until Mihelcic 's original material or topotypes are studied, we consider it as species inquirenda. The last known species of the genus, Porobelba parki Jacot, 1937, is apparently restricted to eastern North America. Since the original description is incomplete and does not use modern terminology, some comments on this little known species are given in the following section.Published as part of Miko, L., 2008, Taxonomy of European Damaeidae (Acari: Oribatida) II. Porobelba weigmanni n. sp. (Oribatida, Damaeidae), from East Slovakia, with comments on other known species of the genus in Zootaxa 1844 on pages 56-5
Kunstidamaeus fraterculus Miko, 2010, n.sp.
No full text<p>Kunstidamaeus fraterculus n.sp. Fig. 8-10</p> <p>Diagnosis. Smaller Kunstidamaeus with granulated body surface, densely barbed sensillus, most of the prodorsal and notogastral setae covered by spinuli or fine hairs. Spinae adnatae quite short and straight, not curved. Propodolateral apophysis P developed as a sharp perpendicular tip, parastigmatic apophyses unequal, Sa much longer, with sharp tip, Sp shorter, triangular or pentagonal, with angular tip. Ventral tubercles Va and Vp present, tubercular. Legs comparatively short, only leg IV longer than body.</p> <p>Material examined. 2 individuals of the species have been collected 30.3.1990 by author on Dreveník hill, East Slovakia (locus typicus), in samples labelled LM-62-90 and LM-65-90b. Holotype was collected in the area of travertine rocks called Skalný raj ("Rocky Paradise"), in rhizosphere of grasses on the rocks (550 m). Paratype was collected in upper soil layer of grassland on Dreveník plateau (600 m). Holotype is deposited in Acarological Collections of Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz (Germany), paratype in the author’s collection. Only holotype was studied in detail in order to keep paratype intact, given the very limited material available. Immatures were not collected.</p> <p>Description of the adult. Body (Fig. 8A,B) relatively small, body length 562 µm. Prodorsum length ca 175 µm, breadth 215 µm. Notogaster length 402 µm and breadth 356 µm. Surface of the body with distinct granular cerotegument, granules larger on dorsal and finer on ventral side of the body. Except of granulation, body also covered by columnar and filamentous cerotegument (dorsosejugal area, ventral part of prodorsum).</p> <p>Prodorsum (Fig. 8A) broadly triangular, with distinct granular sculpture and quite thick layer of mostly filamentous cerotegument. Two indistinct longitudinal ridges, slightly converging anteriad, present in interbothridial area, reaching about the level of insertions of interlamellar setae. Propodolateral apophysis P (Fig. 8A, 9A) perpendicular, sharp, tooth-like. Postbothridial area with typical set of two pairs of tubercles (Ba, La), Ba being more distinct in dorsal view. Anterior to bothridiae, in the area of lateral part of prodorsal furrow, prodorsal enantiophysis is slightly indicated, with posterior tubercle or ridge (Ap) more apparent (Fig. 9B). Parastigmatic apophyses differently shaped (Fig. 9A), anterior apophyse (Sa) quite long, protruding, fine and sharp. Posterior apophyse (Sp) much shorter (about half of Sa), rather oblique, tubercular, with a blunt tip. Bothridium with almost circular opening, funnel-like, with expanded rim, quite narrow, mutual distance of bothridia about 115 µm. Sensillus (Fig. 9C) about as long as distance of bothridiae (118 µm), almost fully covered by dense hairs, with only proximal 15-20% smooth. Hairs covering sensillus are longest and most dense in its distal part, creating a feeling of distally slightly expanded, club-like shape. Other prodorsal setae differing in shape and size. Interlamellar setae in and exobothridial setae exo are the shortest (40-45 µm), similarly covered by dense hairs (plumose), exo being also curved forwards and inwards. Rostral (ro) and lamellar (le) setae longer, subequal in length (105-110 µm), curved. Lamellar seta with a row of spines (Fig. 9B), rostral seta practically smooth.</p> <p>Notogaster (Fig. 8A) oval, slightly elongated, with rather short, but strong and distinct spinae adnatae, oriented forwards and not curved. Notogastral setae in two longitudinal rows, slightly converging posteriad, first pair oriented forwards and the rest backwards. All setae except ps2 and ps3 of similar length (c1 being the longest - 90 µm, la 84 µm, h2 67 µm and ps1 75 µm) and shape, covered by distinct fine or squamiform spinuli and therefore appearing plumose (Fig. 9C). Two remaining setae - ps2 and ps3 similar in size and shape, shorter (34 µm, about half-length of ps1), bent forwards and smooth.</p> <p>Ventral side of prodorsum (Fig. 8B, 9A) with distinct longitudinal ventrolateral ridge, framing epimeres I.</p> <p>Ventrosejugal tubercles developed as a full enantiophysis, with anterior tubercle Va more distinct than the posterior Vp (Fig. 9A). Tubercles E2a and E2p present as irregular sclerotised laths, E2a connected with longitudinal ventrolateral ridge. Tectum of podocephalic fossa (tp, Fig. 9A) laterally ended by blunt or sharper angle, without protruding sharp spines. Medial pit cp not apparent. Epimeral setae smooth, differing significantly in length, 1b being apparently the longest (62 µm) Seta 1c inserted on anterior end of ventrolateral ridge, shortest of the all epimeral setae (together with 2a, about 25 µm). Discidium (dis, Fig. 8B) quite big, dentiform, oriented slightly backwards. Genital opening slightly longer (130 µm) and clearly broader (119 µm) than anal opening (length 119 µm, breadth 89 µm). Standard numbers of setae in anogenital area, setae smooth, medium long (aggenital seta ag being the longest, 41 µm).</p> <p>Legs granulated as the rest of the body surface, covered by thick layer of filamentous and columnar cerotegument, relatively short. Leg I (Fig. 10A) shorter than body length (485 µm), leg IV (Fig. 10B) about 1,2 times longer than body (683 µm). Setation as usual in Kunstidamaeus, setae—especially dorsal setae of femora and genua—distinctly barbed or at least with a row of hairs or spinuli, quite long. Solenidia of leg I relatively short, even solenidion [[phi]]1 less than double-sized compared to the tibial setae, setiform.</p> <p>Derivatio nominis. The name “fraterculus” means "small brother", same as was used for members of so called "Brothers Union", warriors in late phase of Czech Husite movement in 15th Century, who occupied for certain time the Spiš castle, built on the northern edge of Dreveník hill.</p> <p>Remarks. Barbed sensillus and notogastral setae are quite unique within Kunstidamaeus or even Damaeus sensu lato. Some of the species have notogastral setae sparsely barbate or with small spines, but never in a way as in this new species. Bulanova-Zachvatkina (1957) described within her concept of Damaeus (Hypodamaeus) two species, which may show some similarities. As Hypodamaeus was synonymised with Damaeus (Norton, 1977; see Miko, 2006 for details), they are today placed to the nominal subgenus Damaeus s.str: D. tenuitibialis from mountains of Central Asia (Issyk-Kul Lake) and D. brevitibialis from surroundings of Moscow. According the information provided by author of description, D. tenuitibialis has all notogastral setae densely barbed, propodolateral apophysis P is developed only as a blunt angle (similarly as in K. tenuipes), and interlamellar setae are much shorter than sensillus, which is covered by short bristles. This set of characters indicates a possible relation to Kunstidamaeus, nevertheless, no information is given on the detailed leg chaetotaxy, presence or absence of tubercles on prodorsum and on ventral side. In any case, this species differs from K. fraterculus clearly at least by absence of protruding propodolateral apophysis P and much longer legs, with by author particularly mentioned elongated tibia IV, which is about 400 um long. Damaeus brevitibialis was described on the basis of single specimen only, and the information provided by author is not sufficient again. Characteristic shape of propodolateral apophysis P suggests that it may belong to Kunstidamaeus as well. Compared to our new species, distinguishing of the species should not be difficult—the Russian species has sensillus and notogastral setae only scarcely covered by spinuli, not plumate as the new species. In addition, both D. tenuitibialis and D. brevitibialis have sensillus of different, more setiform shape. Potential placing of the two species to Kunstidamaeus will nevertheless need more detailed study on original or topotypical material.</p> <p>Two other species with barbate notogastral setae were described from Central Asia: Epidamaeus (Akrodamaeus) golosovae by Lyashchev & Tolstikov (1993) and Epidamaeus johnstoni by Tolstikov (1997). Both species differ clearly by shape of sensillus and shape of notogastral setae (in both cases with flagellate ends, clearly different than in new species), and by different development of propodolateral apophyse P. Moreover, these species according the description do lack the typical character of Kunstidamaeus, the combined presence of prodorsal tubercles Ba and La.</p>Published as part of <i>Miko, L., 2010, Taxonomy of European Damaeidae (Acari: Oribatida) III. Species of the Kunstidamaeus tenuipes (Michael, 1885) group, with a description of Kunstidamaeus fraterculus n. sp. from East Slovakia, pp. 51-64 in Zootaxa 2327</i> on pages 60-6
Beyond The Zionist Paradigm - New Hope for Israel/Palestine
No full textIn 1997, a tragedy struck the family of Israeli-American Miko Peled: His beloved niece, Smadar, was killed by a suicide bomber in Jerusalem. That tragedy propelled Peled onto a journey of discovery. It pushed him to re-examine many of the beliefs he had grown up with, as the son and grandson of leading figures in Israel\u27s political-military elite, and transformed him into a courageous and visionary activist in the struggle for human rights, equality for all the residents of the Holy Land and a hopeful and lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians. Co-sponsors: Voices for Middle East Peace, Whatcom Peace & Justice Center.
About the Lecturer: Miko Peled is an Israeli-American activist, author, and karate instructor. He is author of the books The General’s Son: Journey of an Israeli in Palestine and Injustice: The Story of the Holy Land Foundation Five
Rhynchoribates Miko, 2016, n. sp.
No full textRhynchoribates (s. str.) danbartai n. sp. (Figs 1, 2) Material. Holotype (female) and one paratype (damaged fragment,?female), French Guyana, Montagne de Kaw, near Auberge Camp Caiman, close to reserve Coq du Roche (4 ° 34´23 ´´N, 52 ° 11´58 ´´W), 150 m above sea level (sample Nr. LM- 2012 -008). Litter, dead leaves and rotting wood on the soil surface in tropical rainforest. Collected by author, 10.III. 2012. The holotype is deposited in arachnological collection of National Museum of Prague, Czech Republic, paratype in the collection of the author. Diagnosis. Large Rhynchoribates with attenuated rostrum without lateral teeth, slightly bent rostral setae; long and thin, setiform interlamellar setae and both lamellar and exobothridial setae short and very fine. Lamellar setae inserted on central part of prodorsum. Sensillus and most of notogastral setae spatulate distally. Prodorsum except interbothridial area without ridges and other significant sclerites. Prodorsum and lateral parts of pedotecta I and discidia covered by large, darker nodes. Pedotecta I and discidia very strongly developed. Some ventral setae distinctly different from other, setiform ones: epimeral setae 1 b and 4 c, aggenital setae and seta ad 1 larger, flat and broadened, lanceate. Also some dorsal and lateral leg setae broadened distally, baculiform. Proral setae of leg IV short, thickened, thorn-like. Description. Body length of holotype 911, ventral body length 835, maximum body width 532 (between tips of discidia). Prodorsum length 415, maximum prodorsum width 344. Body of paratype crushed, not allowing measurements, size similar to holotype. Integument. Colour brown to red-brown, dark. Notogaster, anogenital area, legs except distal part of tarsi covered by amorphous and microgranular semi-transparent cerotegument, areas in vicinity of trochanters III–IV with filamentous and amorphous cerotegument. Parts of prodorsum covered by large cerotegument knobs appearing darker, with maximum diameter of tubercles 10–12. Large knobs cover large, H-shaped, area in central part of prodorsum anterior to lamellar setae, lateral walls of pedotecta I, surface of discidia, and partly trochanters IV dorsally. Bunch of transparent cylindrical „cells“ was observed on posterior part of notogaster between setae h 2 (Fig. 1 A), not closely attached to notogaster surface when seen in lateral view. It was difficult to judge, whether this structure belongs to the individual or not. Prodorsum. (Fig. 1 A). Rostrum conical, regularly attenuated, pointed. Edges of rostrum laterally without teeth. Longitudinal rostral furrow distinct, bifurcated from the area of ro insertions backwards. Most of prodorsum surface without particular cuticular structures, except of short interbothridial ridges running parallel from insertions of in anteriad. Anterior ends of ridges, where surface of prodorsum decline steeply, with short and irregular transversal cuticular thickenings. Parietal walls of acetabula I and opposing internal wall of pedotecta I thickened, appearing darker. Bothridia with quite strong walls, appearing dorsally almost quadrangular, positioned close to each other. Distance between axial margins of bothridial openings about 0,75 times distance between lateral edge of bothridium and tip of discidium. Discidium very strongly developed, large, projecting posteriad by beak-like tip above trochanter IV, similar but shorter projection situated under discidium ventrally. Rostral setae (ro) oriented anteriad, bent, slightly broadened and blunt at the tip, their length between 110–115. Setae in (Fig. 2 C) long, narrow, setiform, pointed, longest of all prodorsal setae except sensillus, their length 145–152. Setae le, ex similarly shaped, very fine, setiform, short; length of le 60–62, ex 53–55. Sensillus very long (240–248), with long and only slightly bent stalk, with very slightly thickened head, covered by very fine granulation (cerotegument?). Notogaster. Almost round in dorsal view, semiglobular (Fig. 1 A). Anterior margin with rather distinct humeral tubercles and another pair of small, indistinct tubercles axially, behind bothridia. Without visible humeral carinae or cristae. 10 pairs of notogastral setae present, slightly differing in size and shape, all baculiform, with distal end blunt and covered by very fine granulation (similarly to sensillus). Setae c 2 smoothest and without expansion distally, other setae distally expanded, expansion most developed on la, lp, h 1, h 2 and p 1 (Fig. 2 C). Setae p 2 and p 3 shortest (90–95), la–lp longest (130–150), length of seta c 2 120–123. Notogastral lyrifissures difficult to observe, at usual places. Gnathosoma. (Fig. 1 B). Relatively short, with structure typical for genus. Infracapitulum relatively broad at base, setae h longer than m and a, curled. Setation of palp 2 – 1–3 – 8. Mentotectum broad, collar-like. Epimeral region. (Fig. 1 B). Surface of epimeral region without particular cuticular structures. Circumpedal ridges absent or indistinct, so discidial area not distinctly separated from epimere IV. Epimeral setal formula 3 - 1-3 - 4; setae 1 b and 4 c (Figs 1 B, 2 D) bigger, flattened, with narrow marginal velum, longer than others (75–85). Other epimeral setae except 4 a and 4 b thin, setiform, 2 a shortest (23–25). Seta 3 a inserted on ventral side of pedotectum I, 4 d on discidium. Only alveoli observed in positions of setae 4 a (very close to aggenital seta) and 4 b on both individuals, it was impossible to assess if the setae were broken or vestigial. Anogenital area. (Fig. 1 B). Genital opening distinctly smaller than anal opening, distance between them exceeding length of genital opening. Preanal sclerite rather narrow, inverted V-shaped. Genital plates pentagonal, anal plates almost semi-circular, with rugged anterior angles. 7 pairs of genital setae, all smooth, fine, setiform (Fig. 2 D), about same length (around 50). Aggenital setae (ag, Fig. 2 D) similar to epimeral setae 1 b and 4 b, larger, elongated, flattened in the middle and pointed. 2 pairs of rather short (20–21), fine, setiform anal setae; an 1 slightly posterior to midlength of anal plate, far from an 2. Adanal setae unequally developed: ad 2, ad 3 fine, setiform and rather short (33–35), ad 1 enlarged, similar to ag, but longer, less attenuated distally (Fig. 2 D). Lyrifissures iad paraanal. Legs. (Fig. 2 A–B). Each leg with single strong claw. Setal formula (famulus included, solenidia in parentheses) as follows: leg I 1–5 – 2 (1) – 4 (2) – 20 (2), leg II 1–5 – 1 (1)– 4 (1) – 17, leg III 2–3 – 1 (1)– 3 (1)– 15, leg IV 1– 2 – 2–3 (1)– 12. Homology of setae indicated in Table 1. Solenidia φ 1 and φ 2 of tibia I setiform, pointed and bent distally, other solenidia fine, rather short, straight or slightly bent, attenuated (on genua) or blunt at the end. Leg setae differing in shape: dorsal setae of femora, antiaxial lateral setae of genua and tibiae similar to notogastral setae, more or less distinctly expanded distally (baculiform, Fig. 2 A–B). Other leg setae normal setiform or slightly longer and thicker, but always attenuated distally. Famulus short, simple, setiform. Proral setae of tarsus I simple, setiform, on leg IV modified, thickened at base, with short hyaline tip. Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters to solenidia (ε to famulus). Single prime (') marks setae on anterior and double prime (") setae on posterior side of the given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae. Differences in Rhynchoribates (Rhynchoribatodes) dynastes n. sp. indicated by asterisks: *—whole pair of (l) present on genu II, **— pair (l) not observed in this species Remarks. The new species belongs to the group of species from nominal subgenus, with rostrum without denticulation, prodorsum covered largely by tubercles of cerotegument, without complicated pattern of ridges, and with setae le distinctly shorter than in, inserted directly on the surface of prodorsum (with 3 known species: R. amazonicus Woas, 1986; R. spathulatus Balogh & Mahunka, 1969; R. spectabilis Balogh & Mahunka, 1969). R. danbartai n. sp. differs from all these species (and from all hitherto known species of the entire genus) by development of sensillus, which is dilated and obtuse at the end (spatulate), without long attenuated tip and much less bent than in most of other species. From R. amazonicus it differs in addition by long, setiform and distally attenuated setae in (in R. amazonicus thickened, with obtuse end), by setae le inserted on the surface of central part of prodorsum (in R. amazonicus on transversal sclerotised ridge), and by development of ventral setae: in the new species setae 1 b, 4 c, ag and ad 1 are enlarged, while in R. amazonicus just setae ag and ad 1 are similarly developed. R. spectabilis and R. spathulatus, in addition to sensillus, differ from the new species by differently developed rostral setae (thin, attenuated, bent laterad–reclinate), by notogastral setae, which are not smooth but have dentate or aciculate lateral margins, and by not enlarged epimeral setae. Derivatio nominis. The species is dedicated to my friend, Odonata specialist and famous Czech musician, Dan Bárta, who co-participated at the expedition to French Guyana.Published as part of Miko, Ladislav, 2016, Oribatid mites (Acarina, Oribatida) from French Guyana: review of the genus Rhynchoribates and description of three new species, pp. 131-145 in Zootaxa 4061 (2) on pages 135-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/25835
American author and scholar LeAnne Howe talks about her novel "Shell shaker" and reads from her another novel "Miko Kings"
No full textAmerican author and scholar LeAnne Howe talks about her novel, "Shell Shaker" which spans centuries of Choctaw culture and history. She reads several passages from the novel and also a short passage from her new, unpublished novel, "Miko Kings," about Indian baseball in 1907 and 1969. She answers questions from the audience. Part of the Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers Series for visiting speakers. Sponsored by the Michigan State University American Indian Studies Program. Held in the MSU Main Library
Rhynchoribates (Tectorhynchoribates) jurobales Miko, 2016, n. sp.
No full text<i>Rhynchoribates (Tectorhynchoribates) jurobales</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs 3–4)</p> <p> <b>Material.</b> Holotype and one paratype (sex not determined), French Guyana, Montagne de Kaw, near Auberge Camp Caiman, close to reserve Coq du Roche (4°34´23´´N, 52°11´58´´W), 150 m above sea level (sample Nr. LM- 2012-008). Litter, dead leaves and rotting wood on the soil surface in tropical rainforest. Collected by author, 10.III.2012.</p> <p>The holotype is deposited in arachnological collection of National Museum of Prague, Czech Republic, paratype in the collection of the author.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Medium sized <i>Rhynchoribates.</i> Diagnosis as for subgenus <i>Tectorhynchoribates</i>, with following additions. Rostrum sharply attenuated, pointed. Prodorsum with sclerotised ridges and large granules of cerotegument. Pedotectum I reaching in lateral view barely beyond anterior edge of acetabulum I, discidium also relatively small, so its tip usually not visible in dorsal view. Interlamellar setae very long, much longer than other prodorsal setae. Notogastral setae setiform, with attenuated tips, long, <i>lm</i>, <i>lp</i> and <i>h1</i> longest, <i>h1</i> and <i>h2</i> inserted on sclerotised tubercles. Ventral plate with cuticular thickenings in epimeral area. Adanal setae <i>ad1</i> significantly longer than other ventral setae, aggenital setae developed as flattened blades pointed distally. With porose areas in epimeral area and in lateral parts of body.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Body length of holotype 696 (paratype 679), ventral body length 648 (636), maximum body width 415 (412, between tips of discidia). Prodorsum length 348 (333), maximum prodorsum width 285 (282).</p> <p>Integument. Colour brown to reddish brown. Body covered with layer of fine, granular cerotegument. Central part of prodorsum at rostrum base, lateral parts of prodorsum, pedotecta I and discidia covered by large, dark cerotegument tubercles, with diameter below 10 (Figs 3 A, 4A).</p> <p> Prodorsum. (Figs 3 A, 4A). Rostrum elongate, strongly attenuating, sharp at tip, with entire edges without teeth. Rostral furrows distinct, diverging posteriad. Surface of prodorsum with several transversal and oblique ridges in central part and at base of rostrum. Lamellar knob developed, blunt anteriorly, its base surrounded by ridges. Interbothridial region with transversal ridges, not connected medially, with thickenings bearing setae <i>in</i>. Bothridia with well sclerotised walls, opening laterad, openings almost invisible in dorsal view. Setae <i>ro</i> long (128–135), setiform, distally pointed, inserted at midlength between rostral tip and acetabulae I. Setae <i>in</i> very long (207–235), setiform, with flagelliform tips. Setae <i>le</i> (86–92) setiform, bent ventrad, inserted below projection of lamellar knob, at its base, near each other (<i>le–le</i> = <i>ro–ro</i>). Setae <i>ex</i> shortest of prodorsal setae (37–38), hardly visible in dorsal view. Sensillus form as typical for majority of <i>Rhynchoribates</i> species, with short straight proximal part and strongly curved distal part, very slightly broadened in middle, with pointed tip, very long (234–254). Discidia relatively small, tips of discidia hardly visible from dorsal view.</p> <p> Notogaster. (Figs 3 A, 4A). Notogaster circular, with distinct but flat humeral tubercles, each projecting posteriad by rather long carina reaching insertion of seta <i>c2</i> (visible in lateral view). Setae <i>h1</i> and <i>h2</i> inserted on sclerotised flat tubercles or short ridges. Small, round porose area present at the lateral outline of notogaster, visible in lateral view, covered by small cuticular tectum (<i>p</i>. <i>a</i>., Fig. 4 A). Similar but larger area present laterally just below notogastral edge (above acetabulum IV when seen laterally). Notogastral setae long to very long, setiform with attenuated flagelliform tips, which brake easily. Seta <i>h1</i> longest (up to 390), setae of <i>l</i> -row and <i>h2</i> over 200, <i>c2</i>, <i>h3</i> and <i>p1</i> 155–175, seta <i>p3</i> shortest (below 70). Lyrifissures and glandular openings at usual places.</p> <p> Gnathosoma elongated, narrow in distal part, with characters as usual in <i>Rhynchoribates</i>. Mentotectum relatively narrow. Palp setation 2–1–3–8(1).</p> <p> Epimeral region. (Figs 3 B, 4A, B). Tectum of podocephalic fossa (<i>tpf,</i> Figs 3 B, 4B) posterolaterad with short and acute tip. Another tectum (<i>tcpl</i>, Fig. 4 B) developed behind, covering lateral parts of epimere I, its edge appears as distinct oblique line connecting posterior part of infracapitulum and area below acetabulum II (black arrows on <i>tcpl</i>), posterior end of this tectum with angular projection. Distinct cuticular thickenings present paraxially on apodemes II and III, setae <i>1a</i> inserted on blunt tubercular apophyses. Apodeme II partly covered by narrow tectum (<i>tcap</i>, Fig. 4 B) Cuticular thickening bridges ventrosejugal furrow medially (ventrosejugal bridge, <i>vb</i>, Figs 3 B, 4B). Pair of distinctly framed, round porose areas present behind this thickening. Epimeres IV laterally with quite long, longitudinal circumpedal ridges (<i>cpl</i>, Fig 3 B) separating discidial area and bearing setae <i>4e</i>. Epimeral setal formula 3–1–3–5; setae <i>1c</i> inserted on pedotectum I, setae <i>4a–4d</i> inserted near each other creating characteristic group (Fig. 4 B). All epimeral setae of comparable length (40–50, seta <i>1a</i> up to 58) simple, setiform.</p> <p> Anogenital region. (Fig. 3 B). Genital opening smaller than anal opening, distance between them shorter than length of genital opening. Genital plates oval, broadest in anterior third. Anal plates semi-circular, with rugged anterior angles. 7 pairs of genital setae present, all smooth, fine, setiform (Figs 3 B, 4A), medium long (around 40). Setae <i>ag</i> (Figs 3 B, 4A) flattened, elongated and pointed (lancetiform). Two pairs of very short (around 8), fine, setiform anal setae inserted in anterior half of plates. Adanal setae unequally developed, <i>ad2</i> and <i>ad3</i> fine, setiform and short (25–28), seta <i>ad1</i> much longer (86–90), setiform, with curved and attenuated distal part. Lyrifissures <i>iad</i> inverse apoanal, or almost perpendicular, positioned at a distance from anal opening.</p> <p>Legs. (Fig. 4 C–D). Legs monodactyle. Setal formula (famulus included, solenidia in parentheses) as follows: leg I 1–5 –2(1)–4(2)–20(2), leg II 1–5 –1(1)–4(1)–17, leg III 2–3 –1(1)–3(1)–15, leg IV 1–2 –2–3(1)–12 (for homology of setae see Table 1). Solenidia φ1 and φ2 of tibia I ceratiform, blunt, slightly curved and medium long, other solenidia similarly shaped but shorter. Leg setae mostly simple setiform and smooth, relatively long. Lateral and dorsal setae of femora and tibiae stronger, less attenuated distally and more blunt than others. Famulus short, simple, setiform. Proral setae of tarsus I simple, setiform, on leg IV modified, short, bacilliform (Fig. 4 E).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The new species differs from all known <i>Rhynchoribates</i> species by special development of its epimeral area, with large tectum on epimere I, which is seen as the main subgeneric character. Beyond that, the presence of attenuated rostrum without denticulation, with pattern of sclerotised ridges on the prodorsum and long setae <i>in</i>, could only be found in a few other species of the nominal subgenus. Recently described <i>R.(s. str.) longisetosus</i> Ermilov, Sandmann, Marian, Maraun, 2014 is rather close, and <i>R. (s. str.) edentatus</i> Balogh & Mahunka, 1969 is somewhat similar as well. Only <i>R. (s. str.) longisetosus</i> has quite long notogastral setae comparable to those of the new species, however, in the new species there are much larger differences in the length of notogastral setae, and the longest setae (<i>h1</i>) reach almost the whole length of the notogaster. Further differences could be found in development of rostral setae (reclined in <i>R. (s. str.) longisetosus</i>, bent but pointing anteriad and inserted at a distance from rostral tip in <i>R. (T.) jurobales</i> <b>n. sp.</b>), length of lamellar and exobothridial setae (<i>le</i> longer than <i>ro</i> in <i>R. (s. str.) longisetosus</i>, <i>ex</i> much longer than in <i>R. (T.) jurobales</i> <b>n. sp.</b>) and in ventral characters (adanal setae similarly shaped, posterior genital setae much longer, aggenital setae not modified, lyrifissures <i>iad</i> paraanal, close to anal opening in <i>R. (s. str.) longisetosus</i>). On the other hand, there are characters developed similarly in both species—e.g. presence of sclerotised structures in epimeral region or presence of oval/rounded area (area porosa?) behind ventrosejugal groove. Similar characters were observed also in other species, so apparently they may appear broadly throughout the family Rhynchoribatidae. <i>R. (s. str.) edentatus</i> can be easily distinguished form the new species among other characters by much shorter notogastral setae, <i>in</i> with clavate tip, much longer setae <i>ex</i> and differently shaped and positioned rostral setae.</p> <p> <b>Derivatio nominis.</b> The species is dedicated to the three colleagues, entomologists participating in French Guyana expedition–Jura Szányi, Robert Lízler and Aleš Dolný. The name of species was created as a combination of their given names (Jura, Robert and Aleš = Ju–Rob–Ales).</p>Published as part of <i>Miko, Ladislav, 2016, Oribatid mites (Acarina, Oribatida) from French Guyana: review of the genus Rhynchoribates and description of three new species, pp. 131-145 in Zootaxa 4061 (2)</i> on pages 138-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.2.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/258356">http://zenodo.org/record/258356</a>
Rhynchoribates (Rhynchoribatodes) dynastes Miko, 2016, n. sp.
No full text<i>Rhynchoribates (Rhynchoribatodes) dynastes</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs 5, 6)</p> <p> <b>Material.</b> Holotype (female) and four paratypes (2 females, 2 gender unknown), French Guyana, Parc Amazonien Guyane Saul, Boucle de Monts La Fumée, near confluence of Crique Cochon and Crique quee Hocco (3°37´66´´N, 53°12´00´´W), 150 m above sea level (sample Nr. LM-2012-001). Mosses on trees, rotting wood, dead leaves on/ under fallen tree, in tropical rainforest. Collected by author, 2.III.2012.</p> <p>The holotype and 2 paratypes are deposited in arachnological collection of National Museum of Prague, Czech Republic, 2 paratypes in the collection of the author.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Medium sized <i>Rhynchoribates</i> with elongated, distally sharply pointed and laterally dentated rostrum. Prodorsum with net-like pattern of cuticular ridges and well developed sub-circular lamellar knob. All prodorsal setae including sensillus setiform, distally attenuated and pointed. Interlamellar setae long, rostral setae slightly bent and oriented anteriad. Notogaster with humeral processes and well developed cristae. Notogastral setae simple setiform, medium sized. Epimeral area with sclerotised formations and pair of oval porose areas. Setae <i>ad1</i> and <i>ag</i> larger and longer than rest of ventral setae. Legs with some modified sabre-like ventral and lateral setae on femora, genua and tarsi. Proral setae of all legs thorn-like.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Average body length 694 (holotype 650, range 650–730), average maximum width (notogaster in its mid-length) 406 (holotype 385, range 385–422). Further measurements are given for depicted paratype: ventral length 650, prodorsum length 331, maximum prodorsum width 240. Colour dark reddish brown. Whole body covered by layer of cerotegument, mostly fine granular and amorphous, on medial part of prodorsum and laterally on podosoma with larger tubercles. Smaller, but also more distinct tubercles present on notogaster.</p> <p> Prodorsum. (Figs 5 A, 6A, B). Relatively broad, with pattern of net-like ridges. Pedotectum I distinct, strongly sclerotised at tip, but less protruding than in other species. Rostrum (Fig. 6 B) elongated, with parallel sides, distally with sharply pointed, narrow central projection and 8 (7–9) distinct teeth on each side. Lamellar knob distinct, subcircular, with distinct tubercular projection anteriorly (well visible in lateral view, Fig. 6 A), connected with interbothridial sclerites and bothridia by curved ridges. Anterior to and below lamellar knob, transversal triangular sclerite present and another curved transversal ridge more anteriorly, projecting anteriad. From this projection anteriad, unpaired longitudinal ridge, sparsely covered by large tubercles of cerotegument, reaches rostral end beyond <i>ro</i> insertion. Interbothridial sclerites present around <i>in</i> insertions, each with short interbothridial ridge posteriad, connected with bothridia by another short ridges; ridges present on lateral parts of prodorsum with rows of large cerotegument tubercles. Bothridia well sclerotised, each postero-laterally with angled postbothridial projection. Prodorsal setae (Fig. 6 C) distinct, all setiform, attenuated distally, with sharp tips. Rostral seta (<i>ro</i>) rather short (59), simple, curved, oriented anteriad. Setae <i>le</i> subequal in length to <i>ro</i> (67), inserted below frontal tubercle of lamellar knob and above transversal sclerite (Fig. 6 A, C). Setae <i>in</i> long (108), inserted on interbothridial sclerite. Sensillus setiform, long (188), shaped as usual in <i>Rhynchoribates</i>, with short straight proximal part and long, strongly curved, attenuated distal part. Lateral parts of prodorsum and podosoma above discidium with areas covered by large tubercles of cerotegument, discidium relatively small, distance of tips of discidia shorter than width of notogaster.</p> <p> Notogaster. (Figs 5 A, 6A). Sub-circular in dorsal view, with straight anterior border, somewhat flattened in lateral view. With distinct humeral tubercles (sometimes doubled) and medially with well developed arched ridge and notogastral cristae. In lateral view, long ridge runs from humeral area to posterior part of notogaster (Fig. 6 A), bearing scale-like projection that covers small, oval porose area (<i>p.a.</i>, Fig, 6A). Notogastral setae normal setiform, smooth, medium long (59–78). All lyrifissures and opening of opistosomal gland present in usual positions.</p> <p> Gnathosoma. (Fig. 5 B). Strongly elongated, infracapitulum with relatively broad basal part. Setae <i>m</i>, <i>a</i>, <i>h</i> of about same length (lateral view!), even if in ventral view <i>m</i> appear longest. Palp setation 2–1–3–8. Mentotectum broad, well developed.</p> <p> Epimeral region. (Fig. 5 B). Laterally framed by arched ridges. In central part, with enantiophyses <i>E2</i> and <i>V</i> strongly developed, each with anterior and posterior tubercles fused, creating “clasps” bridging over the apodeme 2 and over ventrosejugal furrow (ventral bridge, <i>vb</i>), and both with small and thin, scale-like blades laterally and axially. Enantiophyse <i>V</i> paraxially with elongated, curved posterior ridges, which frame distinct anterogenital area (<i>ang</i>, Fig. 5 B). Distinct pair of oval porose areas present behind clasp created by enantiophyse <i>V</i>. Epimeral setal formula 3–1–3–5, all epimeral setae simple setiform, smooth, mostly medium long (40–55), seta <i>4d</i> usually the longest (67). Seta <i>1c</i> inserted on pedotectum I, setae <i>4a–d</i> creating group arranged in short oblique row, seta <i>4e</i> not inserted on discidium, but more axially, near longitudinal circumpedal ridge framing laterally epimere IV (<i>cpl</i>, Fig 5 B). this ridge ends behind acetabulum IV by spiniform projection oriented laterad..</p> <p> Anogenital region. (Figs 5 B, 6A). Genital opening much smaller than anal opening, distance between them subequal to length of genital opening. Broad, arched anterogenital area present, framed anterolaterally by sclerotised ridges. Anal plates with rugged anterior and posterior edges paraxially. Preanal sclerite small, oval to subtriangular. Common set of setae present: 7 pairs genital, 1 aggenital, 2 anal and 3 adanal (Fig. 6 A). Length of genital setae similar to epimeral ones (35–40), length of adanal setae <i>ad2</i> and <i>ad3</i> similar. Both anal setae very short (12), seta <i>an1</i> inserted slightly anterior to the midlength of anal plates; <i>ad1</i> and <i>ag</i> much larger than other ventral setae, widened proximally and almost twice longer than others (53–61). Lyrifissure <i>iad</i> adanal, close to and aligned with the anal opening.</p> <p>Legs. (Fig. 6 E–F). Leg setation details and homology given in Table 1, setal formula as follows: leg I 1–5 – 2(1)–4(2)–20(2); leg II 1–5 –2(1)–4(1)–15; leg III 2–3 –1(1)–3(1)–15; leg IV 1–2 –2–3(1)–12. Leg setae medium long, mostly setiform, smooth. Some lateral and ventral setae (mostly on tibia, Fig. 6 E, F) widened, not attenuated (sabre-form), almost straight, blunt. Trochanteral setae I and II inserted on a prolonged apophyse, rather fine and long (76). Proral setae of all legs modified: on legs I with thickened basal part, distally attenuated, thorn-like, on legs II–IV broad lancetiform, blade-like. Solenidia rather long, setiform or ceratiform, j1 longest, longer than any tibial seta. Famulus emergent, simple setiform, quite long.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The new species is type of the newly defined subgenus <i>Rhynchoribatodes</i> (for detailed characters see subgenus diagnosis above). From other species of the subgenus, <i>R. (R.) dilatatus</i> is probably the nearest, having similar polygonal ridge structure and lamellar knob on prodorsum, similarly developed and inserted setae <i>ro</i>, similar shape and size of pedotecta I, anterior border of notogaster with humeral processes, cristae <i>etc.</i> Still, it clearly differs by several characters. Most striking is difference in shape of setae <i>in</i> and notogastral setae, which are club shaped, blunt and distally expanded (spatulate). Number of teeth on the rostrum is lower (5) compared to the new species. Ventral characters of <i>R. (R.) dilatatus</i> are unknown. Other two species— <i>R. (R.) brasiliensis</i> and <i>R. (R.) ecuadoriensis</i> —do not have fully developed ridges on prodorsum (they are absent or indistinct proximally), lamellar knob is differently developed or absent. Both species differ also by bacilliform, distally obtuse and not attenuated notogastral setae. Setae <i>in</i> of <i>R. (R.) ecuadoriensis</i> are significantly shorter than in new species, their length is only slightly exceeding that of <i>le</i>. Prodorsum of <i>R. (R.) ecuadoriensis</i> is much more densely covered by large tubercles of cerotegument, particularly in the areas around bothridia. Rostral teeth of this species are acute, positioned in transversal rows and oriented more anteriad. <i>R. (R.) brasiliensis</i> differs in addition also by clubshaped, obtuse seta <i>in</i>.</p> <p> <b>Derivatio nominis.</b> The prodorsum of species in the lateral view resembles pronotum of some beetles from the family Dynastidae, therefore species name was selected to remind of this similarity.</p>Published as part of <i>Miko, Ladislav, 2016, Oribatid mites (Acarina, Oribatida) from French Guyana: review of the genus Rhynchoribates and description of three new species, pp. 131-145 in Zootaxa 4061 (2)</i> on pages 141-144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.2.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/258356">http://zenodo.org/record/258356</a>
FAKTOR SOSIODEMOGRAFI DAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN GIGITAN NYAMUK TERHADAP PERILAKU PEMBERANTASAN SARANG NYAMUK DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS LANJUT DATA RISKESDAS 2018
Full text linkABSTRACT
The High morbidity of dengue requires effective and efficient prevention efforts. Breaking chain of transmission through the eradication of mosquito nests (PSN) is a way that is believe an effective and efficient in controlling dengue. However, a nation-wide study shows that PSN has not been fully implemented in Indonesia. The aim of study was to described the relations between sociodemographic factors and mosquito bite prevention behaviour of PSN action in Indonesia, using Riskesdas 2018 data. The Population was used households is as samples in Indonesia as much as 262,917. The dependent variable is PSN actions and the independent variables are age group, occupation, education level, urban and rural areas as well as mosquito bite prevention practice by households and individuals. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The result was shown that the age group, education, occupation of the head of the household (KRT) and housewife (IRT) (P value <0.05) arean important variables that was influenced PSN action in Indonesia. In multiple logistic regression test, the influential variables are age group, education level, type of work, using mosquito repellent (spray / mosquito coil/ electric), the mosquito netting installed at ventilation house , sleep used insecticide-treated mosquito nets <3 years, repellent / bite-preventing materials, and the electric mosquito rackets. The variable that has the biggest influence is the larvasidation of the water reservoir. . To preserved of PSN implementation continuously, PSN campaigns can be carried out at various age levels, education levels and occupations.
Keywords: Eradication of mosquito nests, sociodemography, dengue, and mosquito bites
ABSTRAK
Morbiditas dengue yang tinggi memerlukan upaya pencegahan yang efektif dan efisien. Memutus rantai penularan melalui pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) merupakan salah satu cara yang dipercaya efektif dan efisien dalam pengendalian dengue saat ini. Namun, sebuah penelitian berskala nasional menunjukkan bahwa PSN belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan hubungan faktor sosiodemografi dan praktek pencegahan gigitan nyamuk terhadap perilaku PSN di Indonesia, dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2018. Populasi adalah rumah tangga di Indonesia dengan sampel 262.917 rumah tangga. Variabel dependen adalah perilaku PSN dan variabel independen adalah kelompok usia, pekerjaan, tingkat pendidikan, wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan serta praktek pencegahan gigitan nyamuk oleh rumah tangga dan individu. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa kelompok umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga (KRT) dan ibu rumah tangga (IRT) (nilai P<0,05) merupakan variabel penting yang mempengaruhi perilaku PSN di Indonesia. Pada uji regresi logistik, variabel berpengaruh adalah kelompok umur, tingkat pendididikan, jenis pekerjaan, menggunakan obat nyamuk (semprot /bakar/ elektrik, ventilasi rumah dipasang kasa nyamuk, tidur menggunakan kelambu berinsektisida<3 tahun, repelen/bahan pencegah gigitan, dan raket nyamuk elektrik. Pengaruh terbesar adalah larvasidasi penampungan air. Untuk menjaga kesinambungan pelaksanaan PSN, kampanye PSN dapat dilakukan pada berbagai tingkatan usia, pendidikan dan pekerjaan.
Kata kunci: Pemberantasan sarang nyamuk, sosiodemografi, dengue, pencegahan gigitan nyamu
Evaluasi Mekanisme Penagihan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Pedesaan dan Perkotaan Pada Dinas Pendapatan, Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Kota Surakarta
Full text linkABSTRACT EVALUATING BILLING MECHANISM OF PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN (PBB-P2) IN DINAS PENDAPATAN, PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAN ASET KOTA SURAKARTA MIKO DWI PRASETYO NIM F3413044 The objective of this study is found out steps to overcome validity problem of Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Terutang Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan in DPPKA Kota Surakarta, and to know the action of overcome unreached SPPT for taxpayer. This study use descriptive qualitative method. Data gathered form some methode, i.e. observation, literature review, and interview with related source. The conclusion of this study is validity data problems of taxpayer that listed on SPPT become the main problem for decreasing receivable value, because only increasing the target haven’t been absolute to decrease the sum of receivable that increased each year from 2013 total IDR 6.968.528.568,00, 2014 total IDR 7.945.639.957,00, and 2015 total IDR 12.983.449.906 . Recommendations from the Author that may be used to improve the billing mechanism of PBB-P2 in Kota Surakarta are: (1) increase the number of qualifies personnel, (2) perform periodic central verification process, and (3) improve the computer system to be connected with the payment counter of PBB-P2. Keywords: Billing Mechanism of PBB-P2, Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Terhutang
The Lord and the Center of the Farthest : Ezol’s Journal as Tribalography in LeAnne Howe’s Miko Kings: An Indian Baseball Story
No full textIn the documentary Playing Pastime, Choctaw author LeAnne Howe says, “For two centuries American Indians fought genocide, negotiated Indian identity, and struggled against cultural assimilation, all the while playing ball in the fields of their ancestors. How did American Indians become the mascots for a sport they may have invented? This is the story of playing pastime” (Fortier and Howe). Comparable themes run through Howe’s novel Miko Kings, a story of Indian Territory baseball set in Ada, Oklahoma, covering a nonlinear period from 1888 through 2007
- …
