383 research outputs found
The effect of abstraction of the script in the emergence of Quranic recitations according to Orientalists
No full textيناقش هذا البحث ما ذهب إليه عدد من المستشرقين من أن أصل القراءات القرآنية يرجع إلى تجرد الخط الذي كُتِبَتْ به المصاحف الأولى من نقاط الإعجام وعلامات الحركات. وجاء في أربعة مباحث: ناقشت في الأول ظاهرة تجرد خط المصاحف الأولى من العلامات، وثَمَّ تعليلان لذلك، الأول: ليحتمل الخط القراءات، والثاني: أن الخط لم تكن فيه تلك العلامات. وعرضت في الثاني نظرية المستشرقين في نشأة القراءات، والتي تتلخص في أن القراءات ناشئة عن تجرد خط المصاحف، وتوقفت عند أبرز القائلين بها، لا سيما المستشرق المجري جولد تسيهر، الذي عزا نشأة القراءات لتجرد الخط، والمستشرق الألماني برجشتراسر الذي قام بتحليل ظواهر القراءات، وانتهى إلى أنه لم يحدث في القراءات السبع إلا استفادة محدودة من الحرية الكبيرة التي أتاحها تجرد الخط من نقاط الإعجام وعلامات الحركات. وعرضت في الثالث وجهة نظر المصادر الإسلامية في أصل القراءات، والتي تتلخص في أنها نتجت عن رخصة الأحرف السبعة، وأن القراء المشهورين الذين تنسب إليهم القراءات أخذوها عن التابعين عن الصحابة، ولم تكن اجتهادًا منهم. وفي الرابع وازنت بين وجهتي النظر في أصل القراءات، وانتهيت إلى أن الاختلاف بين القراءات ليس كالاختلاف في قراءة النقوش القديمة، فليس ثم علاقة بين كاتب النقوش وقارئها، ومن هنا جاء الاختلاف في قراءة كلماتها، أما المصحف فهو محفوظ في الصدور قبل أن يُدَوَّنَ في السطور، وكانت القراءات معروفة قبل كتابة المصاحف، فكيف تنشأ عن خطها؟!The Impact of Un-dotted Arabic Calligraphy in the Emergence of the Variant Readings of the Qur’an: The Orientalists’ Views. This paper responds to suggestions by orientalists that the origin of variant Qur’anic readings is due to the lack of dots and signs in the first copies of the Qur’anic script. The paper is divided into four sections. In the first section, I discuss the stripping of the initial copy of the Qur’anic script of marks and other signs. I also discuss the two commonly proffered explanations. Secondly, I discuss the theories of the orientalists regarding to the origin of the readings (i.e., that they stem from the un-dotted Qur’anic script), whereby I concur with the most prominent view, particularly as represented by the Hungarian orientalist Goldziher, who attributed the emergence of the readings to un-dotted Arabic calligraphy. I also respond to Berjtsrar, the German orientalist who analyzed the variant readings and concluded that the seven readings are little affected except for a limited benefit gained from the extended freedom afforded by the absence of the dots and vowel signs. In the third section, I present my view based on Islamic sources regarding the origin of the variant Qur’anic readings, which could be summarized as follows: the variant readings are the result of the notion of the “seven letters”. The famous reciters of the Qur’an to whom the readings are attributed had learned from the followers of the Companions, and thus they were not relying on their own initiative. In the fourth section, I try to balance the various views and conclude that the differences between the recitations are not the same as those in the readings of the ancient manuscripts for there is no relationship between the author of a manuscript and the one who reads it. As for the Qur’anic scripture, it was memorized before being written down, and the readings were known before the writing. Therefore, how could the variation arise from the script
Cointegration, error correction and the demand for money in Saudi Arabia
No full textAuthor 1 :Alkswani, Mamdouh Alkhatib
Associate Professor,
Author 2: Al-Towaijari, Hamad A.
Assistant Professor in
Economics Department, College of Administrative Sciences, King Saud UniversityThis study investigates the determinants of the money demand function in
Saudi Arabia. Saudi economy was instable during the period 1977-1997
because of its dependence of the production of oil. This depending affects
sharply the rates of growth and the rates of inflation. The integration and
cointegration proprieties of the data are analyzed and the model of error
correction is used to estimate the demand for money. This paper concludes that
even the period of high instability in the economy, there exists a stationarity
long run demand for narrow money (M1) in Saudi Arabia
Blended Learning System for Further and Higher Education Mechanical Engineering Courses in Bahrain
No full textTeaching and learning processes that are being followed globally by education providers consist of conventional face-to-face approach. Various socio-economic indicators have increased the pressure on Engineering Education in Bahrain in order to equip the students with both cognitive and psychomotor skills that are required by the labour market. The globalisation, along with the interdependence of various economies, has resulted in creating an extra dimension to the higher order of skills requirements. Hence, there is a need to develop new teaching and learning (T & L) methodologies that can comply with the ever increasing demands of the industry, regarding the skills of engineering students. In this study, the author has presented a comparison between various teaching and learning methodologies being implemented on the students of Higher National Diploma at Sheikh Khalifa Institute (SKI), Kingdom of Bahrain.
The author reviewed the effectiveness of the conventional teaching and learning methodology by comparing the pre-results with post-results. The same has been carried out on two novel T & L methodologies developed in these study i.e. computer-assisted instructions (CAI) and Blended Learning method, on imparting higher order of cognitive and psychomotor skills to engineering students. The study has been conducted on various groups of Higher National Diploma (HND) students at SKI. The study makes use of various questionnaires design especially for both the students and the teachers about their views on different T & L methodologies being implemented. It has been observed that computer-assisted instructions, when used with the conventional T & L methodology, perform superiorly than blended e-learning method or the conventional method alone. Hence, it has been recommended that this novel T & L method be used in the future to Higher National Diploma students at SKI.
Further to the development of a novel T & L methodology that performs better than the conventional T & L method, novel mathematical models have been developed for T & L methodology for both the cognitive and psychomotor domains. These mathematical models are based on the findings of the present study. These mathematical models explain the learning process of the students at microscopic level, in contrast to the conventional macroscopic evaluation method where only the marks obtained by the students indicate the quantitative learning. Furthermore, a novel Blended Learning package (containing tutorials for various Mechanical Engineering modules) has been developed based on the students-centred learning, considering institutional, pedagogical and technological contexts of service and product implementation. In this perspective, the novel Blended Learning package has been designed and developed in order to minimise/close the gaps between higher education at SKI and the requirements of the labour market
Effect of fiber-reinforced polymer confinement on bond strength of reinforcement in beam anchorage specimens
No full textThis paper reports on the fourth phase of a multiphase study undertaken at the American University of Beirut (AUB) to examine the effect of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets in confining bond-critical regions in reinforced concrete beams. Results of the first three phases showed that glass- and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP and CFRP) sheets were effective in increasing the bond strength and improving the ductility of the mode of failure of tension lap splices in high-strength concrete (HSC) and normal-strength concrete (NSC) beams. The main objective of the fourth phase of the AUB study was to assess the effect of CFRP sheets in improving the serviceability and ultimate response of beam anchorage specimens. The added experimental data and the improved knowledge of the bond behavior of FRP confined concrete members will encourage the use of FRP technology to strengthen and retrofit bond anchorage zones. Ten beam anchorage specimens were tested in positive bending in two series. The variables were bar size, anchorage length, and concrete strength. For each bar size, anchorage length, and concrete strength, two companion specimens - identical except for whether the anchorage zone was wrapped with FRP sheets or not wrapped - were tested. The test results demonstrated that CFRP sheets were effective in enhancing the bond strength and ductility of anchorage zones in beam anchorage specimens where splitting failures were imminent.*ACI, 2002, 440R96 ACI; Darwin D, 1996, ACI STRUCT J, V93, P347; Hamad BS, 2004, J COMPOS CONSTR, V8, P14, DOI 10.1061-(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:1(14); Hamad BS, 2004, ACI STRUCT J, V101, P747; Hamad BS, 2004, J COMPOS CONSTR, V8, P248, DOI 10.1061-(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:3(248)107
Level of Administrative Excellence among Arab Schools’ Principals in the Green Line as Perceived by Principals and Teachers
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the level of administrative excellence among Arab schools’ principals in the Green Line as perceived by principals and teachers. The sample consisted of 546 individuals (166 principals and 380 teachers), selected through cluster random sampling. To achieve this aim, the study adopted a descriptive survey approach, developing a questionnaire consisting of 31 items. The findings showed that the level of administrative excellence among the principals of Arab schools in the Green Line is high. Furthermore, there were no significant statistical differences at the level of (α = 0.05) between the means of the study sample’s evaluations of principals\u27 administrative excellence attributed to variables such as gender, educational qualification, years of experience, and job title. Based on the findings, the researchers presented several recommendations, the most important being the implementation of training courses for principals of Arab schools in the Green Line on the importance of change and linking this importance to achieving administrative excellence in their schools
Entitling and Reader's Expectation System
No full textتحتل العنونة مكانة مرموقة في الدراسات النقدية الحداثية، بوصفها ممارسة نقدية يقوم بها الكاتب تجاه عمله، مما يعني قدرتها على تمثيل النص، وإمكانية استثمار مثل هذا التمثيل في بناء توقعات أو انطباعات أولية، حول طبيعة العمل ومضمونه بشكل عام، وصولا بتوقع الحقل الدلالي الذي يمثل الدلالة التأويلية للنص.
تسعى هذه الورقة للتعرف على أنواع العناوين، وفحص مدى قدرتها على التنبؤ بالحقل الدلالي، في مجموعة من القصص التي كتبها يوسف إدريس.In modernism, the title has significant role in literary criticism, as a critical activity which the author applies to his work, a phrase which means its ability to represent the text and benefit from this representation by constructing a first impression about the nature of literary works, arriving to predict their semantic fields, which represent the significance of literary text.
This paper intends to deal with some types of titles and check their degree of predictability within the semantic field signal by some stories written by Yusuf Idri
Needs assessment survey among healthcare professionals to implement the 4Ms framework: a cross-sectional study from Qatar
No full textBackground Worldwide, the evidence-based 4Ms framework of the Age-Friendly Health System (AFHS) improves the experience of caring for older adults. This study aimed to examine healthcare professionals’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the AFHS and 4Ms before they were implemented.Methods This study was a questionnaire-based survey of 252 healthcare professionals in geriatrics and long-term care departments, Rumailah Hospital, Acute Care Services in Hamad General Hospital, and home healthcare services to assess their perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors regarding 4Ms from November 1, 2022, to July 31, 2023.Results Most respondents acknowledged the benefits of providing care through AFHS. However, only 62% of respondents reported using the 4Ms framework. The most commonly used types of age-friendly care provided by health care professionals were reviews of high-risk medication use (64.2%) and screening for mobility limitations (55.8%).Conclusion The findings suggest that there is a need for more training and education regarding the 4Ms framework for health care providers. This training should focus on specific aspects of the framework, such as how to assess what matters most to older adults; how to manage their mobility, mentation, and medication; and how to coordinate care across settings
Mada'in Salih, a Nabataean town in north west Arabia: analysis and interpretation of the excavation 1986-1990
No full textThis research concerns Mada'in Salih, an archaeological site in north-west Saudi Arabia. Historically, it was part of the Nabataean kingdom which flourished in northwest Arabia (Jordan, parts of Syria, Palestine and some parts of Saudi Arabia), with Petra in Jordan as its capital. The Nabataeans were famous for their trading role, as they transported frankincense and myrrh and exported balsam and bitumen. They built monumental tombs in Petra and Mada'in Salih as well as other public buildings such as temples theatres and baths. They were also famous for their skills in hydraulic engineering and the production of very thin, distinctively painted pottery. Mada'in Salih was an important station on the trade route which linked south Arabia with Mediterranean countries. The main feature of the site is the monumental tombs, which are about eighty in number, some of them dated and bearing inscriptions. Those inscriptions are in Aramaic and usually contain information about the owner name, legal rights, and occasionally the mason's name. Little was known about the site's history and other aspects such as the economy, culture, society and religions prior to the excavation. Various questions were raised which the thesis attempts to address. The archaeological work conducted on the site included a survey, several trenches around the town wall and in front of some of the tombs as well as an excavation in the settlement area. The excavation revealed a private house which furnished us with information regarding house planning, building techniques and materials. A large amount of pottery, small finds and coins were recovered, studied and classified. The results added some information to what was already known about the Nabataeans in general and Mada'in Salih in particular. The site had witnessed its peak during the first century A.D. As most previous archaeological work had been carried out in the northern parts of the Nabataean kingdom, the results of this excavation are important for comparative studies between this, the largest Nabataean settlement centre in the south, to the centres of the north. The trade which had been an important factor in the establishment of the site declined when the trade route was shifted from land to sea by the Romans during the last half of the first century A.D
Analysis of outcomes from a geriatrician-led evidence-based falls prevention clinic: a retrospective study from Qatar
No full textBackground Falls are an important health concern among older persons. This study attempted to evaluate the characteristics and risk factors of falls in older persons attending a geriatric falls clinic in Qatar, with a particular emphasis on the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 265 patients aged ≥ 65 years who visited the Falls Clinic between January 1, 2019, and November 28, 2021.Results The study population showed a significant prevalence of chronic diseases, with hypertension (94.3%) and diabetes (87.5%) being the most common diseases. A substantial percentage of people reported functional difficulties, such as falls during the recent year and injuries. Interestingly, people recruited during the pandemic used assistive devices at a far higher proportion (46.9% vs. 5.5% previously). This group also reported higher rates of dizziness (54.9% vs. 26.7%, respectively) and pain (50.2% vs. 20.0%, respectively). Participants recruited during the epidemic had significantly elevated systolic blood pressure.Conclusion This study showed an increased incidence of comorbidities and functional impairments in older adults who visited a fall prevention clinic in Qatar. These findings suggest that the pandemic may exacerbate population vulnerability
Letter to the editor: reevaluating perioperative risks of intracranial infection after duraplasty in Chiari malformation type I
No full textAbstract This letter addresses the article “Perioperative Risks of Intracranial Infection after duraplasty in Chiari Malformation Type I” by Balawi and Liao, published in the Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery (Egypt J Neurosurg 40:58, 2025). While acknowledging the significance of the authors’ findings on risk factors for post-operative intracranial infections, we highlight the omission of critical variables such as the patient microbiome, recent advancements in surgical techniques, and post-operative care strategies. We argue that a more comprehensive understanding of infection risks should include these factors, as they play a crucial role in improving surgical outcomes
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