138 research outputs found
Intimate partner violence against women : foundation for prevention and for an educational programme for new couples in an Iranian city
No full textUnderstanding how community members conceive the occurrence and prevention of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) can help set the stage for contextrelevant and sustainable preventive interventions, including educational programmes. The studies forming this thesis are part of such an assessment and concern community members in the city of Kermashah (Iran). They aim to gather the opinions of various stakeholders to better understand the social conceptions about causes and means of prevention of IPVAW.A survey was conducted among a convenience sample of married women (face-to-face interviewed; n=435) and men (self-administration; n=447) using a questionnaire mainly composed of closed questions. Questions were asked about the risk factors, consequences and means of prevention of IPVAW. Thereafter, other community members were individually interviewed, including key informants (n=23), gatekeepers (instructors of premarital education centres and their suervisors ; n= 8) and husbandsand wives-to-be (n=22). Focus was then placed on preventive issues and a qualitative approach was used.Married women were in agreement with most of the potential causes and triggers of IPVAW already documented in the scientific literature and raised in public health settings. Married men had split opinions that clustered into four main patterns. Men who expressed opinions very similar to those of women constituted the biggest group (about 33%) and three other groups either disagreed or had mixed opinions. As a potential trigger of IPVAW, behaviour by wives with the potential to humiliate a husband in front of other people was ranked highly among both men and women. This, combined with a tendency for other stakeholders to put the blame on the victim (see below), constitutes a source of concern and requires further intervention.There was considerable agreement among married men and women that life skills training and raising awareness could help to prevent IPVAW. Even among key informants, community education about relationship issues was often mentioned, although counter-measures at various levels were also put forward (individual, relational, community and societal). A tendency towards victim blaming was observed among some key informants.Almost all husbands-to-be, wives-to-be and gatekeepers believed that premarital education could help to prevent IPVAW but none of the education centre supervisors did. Suggestions for the course curriculum dealt with skills training rather than raising awareness.In conclusion, strong agreement on the effectiveness of educational programmes in general and premarital educational programmes in particular is a good sign of the potential acceptance of such programmes in the target community. Educational programmes in the field of IPVAW should focus on mutual responsibilities with more emphasis on the perpetrator developing non-violent problem-solving skills and an overall campaign against victim-blaming attitudes.List of scientific papersI. Hamzeh B, Farshi MG, Laflamme L (2008). "Opinions of married women about potential causes and triggers of intimate partner violence against women. A cross-sectional investigation in an Iranian city." BMC Public Health 8: 209 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18549484II. Hamzeh B, Garousi Farshi M, Laflamme L (2008). "Opinions about potential causes and triggers of intimate partner violence against women: a population-based study among married men from Kermanshah city, Iran." Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 15(4): 253-63 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19051088III. Hamzeh B, Garousi Farshi M, Vaez M, Laflamme L (2009). "A social assessment of representations concerning the prevention of intimate partner violence against women: opinions of married people and of key informants in an Iranian city." (Manuscript)IV. Hamzeh B, Garousi Farshi M, Laflamme L (2009). "The potential of premarital education as a means of prevention of intimate partner violence against women: opinions of husbands- and wives-to-be and gatekeepers in an Iranian city." (Manuscript)</p
Mapping Middle-earth : Environmental and Political Narratives in J.R. R. Tolkien’s Cartographies (2024) by Anahit Behrooz
No full textThe force driving Anahit Behrooz’s Mapping Middle-earth is a desire todemonstrate that J. R. R. Tolkien’s work deserves to be taken (more) seriouslyin the field of literary studies. The author argues this case by relating maps,mapping, and cartography – within and outside the story world – to a handfulof critical perspectives that currently enjoy certain appeal both within themainstream and among fantasy scholars. And should the book fail to convincesome hobbitophobic critics out there, the fault does not seem to lie either withTolkien’s work or Behrooz discussions of it but with the fact that fantasy(including Tolkien) require more of its analytical tools than some mainstreamcritical perspectives offer when taken off the rack
Author Correction: A comparative study of the local effect of tranexamic acid and phenylephrine on the amount of bleeding in rhinoplasty: A randomized clinical trial
No full textAfter the publication of the article titled “A Comparative Study of the Local Effect of Tranexamic Acid and Phenylephrine on the Amount of Bleeding in Rhinoplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial”, it was noticed that the name of Behrooz Gandomi had been omitted from the list of contributors. The authors’ names and affiliations have now been corrected accordingly.
The Original Article was published on 7 Sep 2024.
Published: 20 Oct 202
Mapping Middle-earth [Elektronisk resurs] : Environmental and Political Narratives in J.R. R. Tolkien’s Cartographies (2024) by Anahit Behrooz
No full textThe force driving Anahit Behrooz’s Mapping Middle-earth is a desire todemonstrate that J. R. R. Tolkien’s work deserves to be taken (more) seriouslyin the field of literary studies. The author argues this case by relating maps,mapping, and cartography – within and outside the story world – to a handfulof critical perspectives that currently enjoy certain appeal both within themainstream and among fantasy scholars. And should the book fail to convincesome hobbitophobic critics out there, the fault does not seem to lie either withTolkien’s work or Behrooz discussions of it but with the fact that fantasy(including Tolkien) require more of its analytical tools than some mainstreamcritical perspectives offer when taken off the rack.</p
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full textIntroductionObesity is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Many studies have developed cutoff points of anthropometric indices for predicting these diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to differentiate the screening potential of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for adult CVD risk.MethodsWe used relevant key words to search electronic databases to identify studies published up to 2019 that used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for assessing the cut-off points of anthropometric indices. We used a random-effects model to pool study results and assessed between-study heterogeneity by using the I2 statistic and Cochran\u2019s Q test.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 38 cross-sectional and 2 cohort studies with 105 to 137,256 participants aged 18 or older. The pooled area under the ROC curve (AUC) value for BMI was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63\u20130.69) in both men and women. The pooled AUC values for WC were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.67\u20130.70) in men and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.64\u20130.74) in women, and the pooled AUC values for WHR were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.66\u20130.73) in men and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.68\u20130.73) in women.ConclusionOur findings indicated a slight difference between AUC values of these anthropometric indices. However, indices of abdominal obesity, especially WHR, can better predict CVD occurrence
Mapping Middle-earth: tracing environmental and political narratives in the literary geographies and cartographies of J.R.R. Tolkien's Legendarium
No full textIn 1954, shortly before the publication of The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R. Tolkien
wrote to friend and author Naomi Mitchison, “I wisely started with a map, and
made the story fit” (Letters 177). This reciprocal relationship between map and
story is integral to understanding broader narratives about the interaction
between humans and their environment in Tolkien’s legendarium. Tolkien’s
corpus of maps acts as far more than paratextual material for the external
reader’s understanding of the narrative; rather, it indicates a subcreated
tradition of cartography that articulates particular power dynamics between the
map maker, the map reader, and what is being mapped, that are expressed
both through the maps and in the wider legendarium. Tolkien positions
cartography as an inherently political act that embodies a desire for totalising
understanding and control of its subject matter; this problematizing of external
control then enables a critique of harmful contemporary engagements with
land that intersect with but also move beyond cartography, namely
environmental damage, human-induced geological change, and the natural
and bodily costs of political violence and imperialism. Using historical,
ecocritical, and postcolonial frameworks, this thesis argues that Tolkien
employs particular generic characteristics such as medievalism, fantasy, and
the interplay between image and text, in order to highlight and at times even
correct his contemporary socio-political context and its destructive relationship
with the wider world, through both narrative and cartographic expression
Dynamic pricing and inventory control policies in a food supply chain of growing and deteriorating items
No full textRevenue and inventory management play a crucial role in the operational efficiency of food supply chains. The current study investigates dynamic pricing and inventory control policies in a two-level Food Supply Chain (FSC) of growing and deteriorating inventory that involves a rearing farm as the supplier and a retailer where these slaughtered items are prone to deterioration. The rearing farm breeds newborn animals, then slaughters them and sends the items to the retailer. The negative impact of overbreeding is taken into account to preserve the items’ quality and decrease food waste on the supply side. The model is analyzed under decentralized and centralized supply chain scenarios with a profit-sharing contract as the coordination tool in the centralized case. An analytic solution approach based on non-linear convex programming is developed to solve the problem. The developed structure is illustrated through experimental results with a real estimated growth function for broiler chickens. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of different input parameters. It is shown that the centralized supply chain scenario not only enhances the profit of the supplier and the retailer but also is more desirable for the customers as the selling price of the items decreases in this setting. The results provide decision-makers of each echelon with insights into the features of the studied FSC, including their most influential input parameters, the areas that require further attention, and managerial suggestions under different scenarios.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Transport and Logistic
Evaluation of intervening role of health risk-related training and consultation on performance of High school students from Kermanshah suburban
No full textBackground and aims: The most important risk factors threatening health of young people include improper diet, inactivity, smoking, intentional and accidental damages, drugs, AIDS/HIV and psychiatric disorders. Considering increased risky behaviors among teens during 2 last decades, it was decided to evaluate the effects of education and consultation roles in relation to health risks on performance of teens from suburban areas within 4 months following interventions and to propose a model for health-based modification of teen's behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the intervening role of health risk-related personal education and consultation on performance of high school students from suburban areas in Kermanshah province. Methods: Research population consisted of 8534 high school students from suburban areas of Kermanshah province. School wise questionnaires were completed for all samples before and four months after holding personal education and consulting session. Results: Performances of students on intentional/accidental damages, nutrition, physical activities and AIDS/HIV was improved 4 months after education consultation intervention (P<0.05). No significant changes were observed with student's performance in the fields of smoking, addiction and psychiatric disorders in comparison with the time prior to the intervention. Conclusion: These examination findings revealed positive effects of personal education and consultation on modification of teen's risky behaviors. It appears that a long-term planning is required for modifying behaviors regarding smoking, drugs usage and psychiatric disorders. Self-care education is particularly important because experience has proven that role of classic education pales over time while knowledge leading to acquired skills will be more permanent
Opinions of married women about potential causes and triggers of intimate partner violence against women. A cross-sectional investigation in an Iranian city
No full textAbstract Background Population-based perception studies on potential causes and triggers of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) may enlighten context-relevant primary preventive actions in settings where data are limited. This study, conducted in one specific city, deals with married women's opinions concerning potential causes and triggers of IPVAW and seeks to highlight areas of consensus and divergence in the views. Methods A convenient sample of women aged 25–45 years and married for at least 5 years was consecutively recruited in the 48 public health centres of Kermanshah city, where free health services are provided to mothers and children under 6 years old. Respondents were individually interviewed on site by trained and experienced female interviewers (response rate 94.3%). A structured pilot-tested questionnaire was used that consisted mainly of closed questions about individual assessment of the extent to which various items could be regarded as a potential cause, a potential trigger or a potential consequence of IPVAW. Individual item frequencies were compiled and the association between socio-demographic attributes of the spouses and also respondents' prior exposure to violence and women answers was explored. Results For most factors covered, women mainly "agreed" or "agreed very much" about their potential as a trigger or a cause of IPVAW; agreements were stronger for individual-related potential causes. Generally, women's socio-demographic characteristics and prior victimisation did not much affect the opinions they expressed. For some triggers however, women's own occupation and their husband's educational level affected how much in agreement they were. Conclusion The women interviewed consider that most potential causes and triggers proposed may, at some point in a relationship, engender IPVAW. In the main, their views are not much altered by their own and their husbands' socioeconomic position or their prior victimisation. It remains to be seen whether married men and, for that matter, even women married for a shorter duration or from other settings will answer in a similar manner.</p
The Social Construction of Value Orientation of the Middle-aged: Providing a Grounded Theory Mohsen Shaterian[1] ,Behrooz Behrooziyan[2] ,Ahmad Falahi[3] Received: 25/11/2016 Accepted: 25/03/2017
No full textThe Social Construction of Value Orientation of the Middle-aged: Providing a Grounded Theory Mohsen Shaterian[1] ,Behrooz Behrooziyan[2] ,Ahmad Falahi[3] Received: 25/11/2016 Accepted: 25/03/2017 Abstract The goal of this research study has been to investigate the value orientation of middle-aged individuals using the social interpretivism approach. The Methodology of the study is qualitative and the social construction method (social interpretivism) is used as a method of operation for research. Qualitative data were collected in this study using the technique of in-depth interviews. To analyze the information and provide the ultimate theory of strategy we used grounded theory. Based on purposive sampling and the theoretical saturation criterion, 12 middle-aged individuals from South Roodbar participated in this study and their attitudes toward value orientation was studied and analyzed. The results obtained with "grounded theory" include six major categories as follows: realism, dissatisfaction with the way of life, mass media, altruism, convergence of religious values, and nepotism. The core notion of this study is the retrospective reflexivity which includes the other major categories. The ground theory gained in the form of a paradigm model contains three Dimensions of conditions, interactions and outcomes. Keywords: Social Interpretivism, Value Orientation, Reflexivity, Middle-Aged [1]. Associate Professor University of Kashan. (Corresponding Author). [email protected] [2]. Ph.D. Student in Sociology, University of Kashan. [email protected] [3]. M.A. in Socail Sciense of HormozganUniversity. [email protected]
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