227 research outputs found
Un historien et anthropologue sénégalais : Shaikh Musa Kamara.
No full textD. Robinson — A Senegalese Historian and Anthropologist : Shaikh Musa Kamara.
The author draws the historical background and the geographical setting of Shaikh Musa Kamara's life and regrets that, notwithstanding his being a prolific historian of the Fuuta Tooro, he be so unrecognized. Robinson recounts his life and divides it in three large periods: the thirty initial years, with a studious youth and three marking influences; the time at the beginning of the colonial period, which is not very well known; and the twenty-five last years when he took up writing. The article presents Kamara's works, their characteristics and topics. A complete list of his manuscripts and a detailed table of contents of his materpiece, the Zuhur, are appended.Robinson David. Un historien et anthropologue sénégalais : Shaikh Musa Kamara.. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 28, n°109, 1988. Mémoires, Histoires, Identités II. pp. 89-116
Estudo da atividade biológica de Baccharis articulata, Musa x paradisiaca e rutina na homeostasia da glicose em modelos experimentais in vivo e in vitro
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em FarmáciaA insulina é o principal hormônio anabólico responsável pelo controle da captação, utilização e armazenamento dos nutrientes celulares como carboidratos, proteínas e lipídios, sendo essencial para a manutenção da homeostasia da glicose, o crescimento e diferenciação celular. Defeitos na ação e/ou na secreção de insulina podem levar à hiperglicemia, característica da diabetes melito. A diabetes melito é uma patologia complexa e multifatorial de elevada morbidade e mortalidade e, por esse motivo, é considerada uma epidemia, caracterizando um problema de saúde pública mundial. Muitas plantas são conhecidas na medicina popular de diferentes culturas pelas propriedades hipoglicemiantes e tem um uso crescente no tratamento da diabetes. Os compostos fenólicos derivados de plantas, especialmente os flavonóides, apresentam diversas propriedades e tem um potencial terapêutico muito investigado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o efeito de extratos e frações de Bacharis articulata (carqueja) e de Musa x paradisiaca (banana), assim como do flavonóide rutina, na homeostasia da glicose em modelos experimentais in vivo e in vitro. As duas espécies foram avaliadas quanto às atividades anti-hiperglicêmica e/ou hipoglicemiante na curva de tolerância à glicose e em modelos de diabetes induzidos experimentalmente, como a secreção de insulina, o conteúdo de glicogênio hepático e muscular, a inibição das enzimas ?-glicosidases e a propriedade anti-glicação, assim como o conteúdo de flavonóides. Além disso, foi estudado o mecanismo de ação da rutina na captação de glicose e de cálcio em músculo sóleo, e também a secreção de insulina in vivo e o mecanismo de ação da rutina na captação de cálcio em ilhotas pancreáticas isoladas. Para tanto, foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos entre 50-55 dias de idade. Para a realização da curva de tolerância à glicose as coletas de sangue, para determinação da glicose e insulina sérica, foram realizadas nos tempos zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 minutos. Nos ensaios para a determinação do conteúdo de glicogênio os tecidos foram retirados dos animais 3 h após os tratamentos. As atividades das dissacaridases intestinais e a propriedade anti-glicação foram realizadas in vitro. A captação de 14C-glicose e de 45-cálcio (45Ca2+) foi estudada após a incubação do músculo sóleo com a rutina. As ilhotas pancreáticas foram isoladas e incubadas com 45Ca2+ e rutina, na presença ou não de diferentes inibidores e ativadores. Os extratos brutos, as frações n-butanol e residual aquosa de B. articulata e de M. x paradisiaca reduziram significativamente a glicemia de ratos normais hiperglicêmicos e potencializaram a secreção de insulina induzida por glicose. Além disso, observou-se um aumento no conteúdo de glicogênio no músculo sóleo e fígado após os tratamentos, principalmente com as frações n-butanol das duas espécies vegetais. Os extratos e as frações reduziram a atividade da maltase e preveniram a glicação. A rutina estimulou a captação de glicose e cálcio no músculo, estimulando a captação de glicose através da ativação de uma via insulinomimética e uma via independente da sinalização clássica da insulina. Além disso, a rutina estimulou a secreção de insulina in vivo e a captação de cálcio em ilhotas pancreática isoladas, atuando como um potencial agente secretagogo de insulina. Desta forma, apoiado nos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, propõe-se que as espécies vegetais, Baccharis articulata e Musa x paradisiaca, e o flavonóide rutina aqui estudados possam regular a homeostasia da glicose. Os mecanismos envolvem a inibição da enzima que permite a absorção intestinal da glicose, a inibição da glicação, o estímulo da secreção de insulina e o aumento na utilização de glicose pelos tecidos periféricos, evidenciando que estas duas espécies e a rutina podem atuar por múltiplos mecanismos de ação para regular a homeostasia da glicose e colaborar na prevenção das complicações da diabetes.Insulin is the main anabolic hormone responsible for controlling the uptake, use and storage of cellular nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. It is essential for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, growth and cellular differentiation. Defects in action and / or secretion of insulin may lead to hyperglycemia, which characterizes diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a complex and multifactorial disease with high morbidity and mortality, therefore is considered epidemic causing a public health problem worldwide. Many plants are known in folk medicine of different cultures for their hypoglycemic properties showing an increasing use in the treatment of diabetes. The plant-derived phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, have several properties and their therapeutic potential has been investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of extracts and fractions of Baccharis articulata ("carqueja") and Musa x paradisiaca ("banana"), as well as the flavonoid rutin, in glucose homeostasis using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Antihyperglycemic and / or hypoglycemic activity in the curve of glucose tolerance and in models of experimentally induced diabetes, insulin secretion, the hepatic glycogen content and muscle, inhibition of the enzymes á-glucosidases and anti-glycation property were investigated, as well as the content of flavonoids. In addition, was also studied the mechanism of action of rutin in glucose and calcium uptake in soleus muscle, and also the in vivo insulin secretion and the mechanism of action of rutin on calcium uptake in rat isolated pancreatic islets. For in vivo experiments, Wistar male rats with 50-55 days of age were used. To glycemia and serum insulin determination blood samples were collected at zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min in glucose tolerance curve. Tissues were removed from animals 3 h after oral administration of treatments to determine glycogen contents. The intestinal disaccharidases activities and anti-glycation property were performed in vitro. The glucose and calcium uptake was studied after incubation of the soleus muscle with rutin, in the presence or not of different inhibitors and of 14C-glucose or calcium (45Ca2+). The pancreatic islets were isolated and incubated with 45Ca2+ and rutin in the presence or absence of various inhibitors or activators. The crude extracts and n-butanol and residual aqueous fractions of B. articulata and of M. x paradisiaca showed potential anti-hyperglycemic activity in hyperglycemic normal rats and potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion. Additionaly, it was observed an increase on glycogen content in muscle and liver after treatments, mainly with the n-butanol fractions of two species. The extracts and fractions reduced the activity of maltase and prevented glycation. Also, rutin stimulated glucose and calcium uptake in soleus muscle, stimulating glucose uptake via activation of an insulin-mimetic and an insulin-independent signaling pathways. Additionally, rutin stimulated insulin secretion in vivo and calcium uptake in isolated pancreatic islets, as a potential insulin secretagogue agent. Thus, these results suggest that Baccharis articulata, M. x paradisiaca and rutin are able to regulate glucose homeostasis. The mechanisms involve the inhibition of the enzyme that allows the intestinal absorption of glucose, the inhibition of glycation, the stimulation of insulin secretion and increase in glucose utilization by peripheral tissues showed that these plant species and rutin may act by multiple mechanisms of action to regulate glucose homeostasis, thereby contributing to the prevention of diabetes-related complications
Genome-wide association analyses using multilocus models on bananas (Musa spp.) reveal candidate genes related to morphology, fruit quality, and yield
No full textBananas (Musa spp.) are an essential fruit worldwide and rank as the fourth most significant food crop for addressing malnutrition due to their rich nutrients and starch content. The potential of their genetic diversity remains untapped due to limited molecular breeding tools. Our study examined a phenotypically diverse group of 124 accessions from the Colombian Musaceae Collection conserved in AGROSAVIA. We assessed 12 traits categorized into morphology, fruit quality, and yield, alongside sequence data. Our sequencing efforts provided valuable insights, with an average depth of about 7× per accession, resulting in 187,133 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) against Musa acuminata (A genome) and 220,451 against Musa balbisiana (B genome). Population structure analysis grouped samples into four and five clusters based on the reference genome. By using different association models, we identified marker¿trait associations (MTAs). The mixed linear model revealed four MTAs, while the Bayesian-information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway and fixed and random model for circulating probability unification models identified 82 and 70 MTAs, respectively. We identified 38 and 40 candidate genes in linkage proximity to significant MTAs for the A genome and B genome, respectively. Our findings provide insights into the genetic underpinnings of morphology, fruit quality, and yield. Once validated, the SNP markers and candidate genes can potentially drive advancements in genomic-guided breeding strategies to enhance banana crop improvement. © The Author(s) 2024
Monetary-Exchange Rate Policy and Current Account Dynamics
No full textA dynamic stochastic general equilibrium monetary model with incomplete and imperfect asset markets, monopolistic competition and staggered nominal price rigidities is developed to shed light on the role of exchange rate and its relation with current account dynamics in the formulation of monetary-exchange rate policies. The paper shows that because of incomplete risk sharing, due to incomplete asset markets, the dynamic relationship between real exchange rate and net foreign assets affect the behaviour of domestic inflation and aggregate output. This, in turn, implies that the optimal monetary policy entail a response to net foreign asset position or the real exchange rate gap defined as the difference between actual real exchange rate and the value that would prevail with flexible prices and complete asset markets. In comparing the performance of alternative monetary-exchange rate policy rules, an interesting and fairly robust result that stands out is that ‘dirty floating’ out-performs flexible exchange rate regime with domestic inflation targeting.optimal monetary policy; incomplete asset markets; net foreign assets; current account dynamics; inflation targeting; exchange rate policy
bPolitical awareness of the Shi'ites in Lebanon : the role of Sayyid #Abd al-Husain Sharaf al-Din and Sayyid Musa al-Sadr.
No full textMolecular and Cytological Characterization of the Global Musa Germplasm Collection Provides Insights into the Treasure of Banana Diversity
No full text© 2016, The Author(s). Bananas (Musa spp.) are one of the main fruit crops grown worldwide. With the annual production reaching 144 million tons, their production represents an important contribution to the economies of many countries in Asia, Africa, Latin-America and Pacific Islands. Most importantly, bananas are a staple food for millions of people living in the tropics. Unfortunately, sustainable banana production is endangered by various diseases and pests, and the breeding for resistant cultivars relies on a far too small base of genetic variation. Greater diversity needs to be incorporated in breeding, especially of wild species. Such work requires a large and thoroughly characterized germplasm collection, which also is a safe depository of genetic diversity. The largest ex situ Musa germplasm collection is kept at the International Transit Centre (ITC) in Leuven (Belgium) and currently comprises over 1500 accessions. This report summarizes the results of systematic cytological and molecular characterization of the Musa ITC collection. By December 2015, 630 accessions have been genotyped. The SSR markers confirmed the previous morphological based classification for 84% of ITC accessions analyzed. The remaining 16% of the genotyped entries may need field verification by taxonomist to decide if the unexpected classification by SSR genotyping was correct. The ploidy level estimation complements the molecular data. The genotyping continues for the entire ITC collection, including newly introduced accessions, to assure that the genotype of each accession is known in the largest global Musa gene bank.sponsorship: We thank Marie Seifertova 'for her excellent technical assistance and Ludvik Urda and Alzbeta Nemeckova for assisting with the flow cytometry measurements. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Grant award LO1204 from the National Program of Sustainability I and awards INGO II No. LG12021 and INGO II No. LG15017). The authors would furthermore like to thank all donors who supported this work through their contributions to the CGIAR Fund (http://www.cgiar.org/who-we-are/cgiar-fund/fund-donors-2/), and in particular to the CGIAR Research Program for Managing and Sustaining Crop Collections (Genebanks-CRP). We also thank Vincent Johnson for his kind review and editing before submission. We dedicate this article to the late Dr. Pierre Jean Laurent Lagoda who has pioneered the use of SSR markers in Musa genetics. (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic from the National Program of Sustainability|LO1204, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic from the National Program of Sustainability|LG12021, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic from the National Program of Sustainability|LG15017)status: Publishe
The Impact of Dovetail Angle in Single Dovetail Joints on Diagonal Compression Strength of Corner Joints for Box-Type Furniture
No full textThis study aims to determine the impacts of dovetail angle for dovetail joints on the diagonal compression strength of box-type furniture corner joints prepared in different woods, with different dovetail angles, and with different adhesives. For this reason, after drilling joints of 75 degrees, 78 degrees, 81 degrees, 84 degrees, and 87 degrees on Oriental beech, European oak, Scotch pine, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) samples, a diagonal compression test was applied on corners glued with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyurethane (Desmodur-vinyl trieketonol acetate [ D-VTKA]) according to the ASTM D1037 standard. The highest result for dovetail diagonal compression strength was observed in the samples of Oriental beech (0.321 N mm(-2)), while the lowest was found in the samples of MDF (0.154 N mm(-2)) for wood types. With respect to adhesives, D-VTKA yielded the best results (0.268 N mm(-2)), while PVAc gave the worst results (0.252 N mm(-2)). Regarding angle types, the best result was obtained from the samples at 848 (0.302 N mm(-2)) and the worst from the samples at 758 (0.207 N mm(-2)) for dovetail joints. For the interaction of wood type, adhesive, and dovetail angle, the highest diagonal compression strength was found in the samples of Oriental beech + 81 degrees + D-VTKA (0.445 N mm(-2)), while the lowest value was observed in MDF + 78 degrees + D-VTKA (0.128 N mm(-2)). In conclusion, the angles and adhesives have significant effects on the corner joints of box-type furniture
Extensive facial adenoma sebaceum: Successful treatment with mechanical dermabrasion: Case report
No full textThis report documents the successful elimination of disfiguring sebaceous adenomas from the face of a 21-year-old male patient with mechanical dermabrasion. © 2005 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Apfelberg D B, 1980, Lasers Surg Med, V1, P71, DOI 10.1002-lsm.1900010108; ARNDT KA, 1982, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V70, P91, DOI 10.1097-00006534-198207000-00021; BELLACK GS, 1986, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V94, P37; DASILVAOLIVEIRA A, 1980, J DERMATOL SURG ONC, V6, P586; DRAKE DB, 1992, ANN PLAS SURG, V28, P377, DOI 10.1097-00000637-199204000-00015; Earhart R N, 1976, J Dermatol Surg, V2, P412; Finch TM, 1998, CLIN EXP DERMATOL, V23, P201; Fischer K, 2001, ANN PLAS SURG, V46, P332, DOI 10.1097-00000637-200103000-00022; KAUFMAN AJ, 1995, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V33, P770, DOI 10.1016-0190-9622(95)91814-0; KAVANAGH KT, 1986, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V112, P886; MENON PA, 1982, J DERMATOL SURG ONC, V8, P984; MORGAN JE, 1977, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V59, P124, DOI 10.1097-00006534-197701000-00028; NICKEL WR, 1962, ARCH DERMATOL, V85, P209; Pringle JJ, 1890, BRIT J DERMATOL, V2, P1; Song MG, 1999, DERMATOL SURG, V25, P970, DOI 10.1046-j.1524-4725.1999.99132.x; SPENLER CW, 1988, ANN PLAS SURG, V20, P586; Verheyden CN, 1996, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V98, P777, DOI 10.1097-00006534-199610000-00003; VOGAT E, 1983, Z HAUTKRANKHEITEN, V58, P646; WESTON J, 1985, ANN PLAS SURG, V15, P132, DOI 10.1097-00000637-198508000-00007; WIDGEROW AD, 1989, S AFR MED J, V76, P16941
«MUSA, CHE ’N ROZZO STIL...»: IL LABORATORIO DELLE RIME
No full textThe essay focuses on some portions of the huge corpus of Torquato Tasso’s rime, mainly underlining their relationship with the poet’s biography, as explained through several of them, and reflecting on the composition of his three-part volume of rime (love poems, celebratory poems, sacred poems) and the strategic functions and rhetorical means that the Author uses to mark the unity of his collection of lyric poems as conceived and partially published under his supervision during the last years of his life
Effect of war on fertility: A review of the literature
No full textThe aim of this study was to review the existing literature on the effect of war on female and male fertility. A MEDLINE search for studies that included participants defined as infertile because they were unsuccessful in achieving a pregnancy after a year and studies that assessed the effect of war on semen parameters and menstrual dysfunction were performed. Twenty articles were included in this review. For female fertility, studies showed that women who were prisoners of war or who were living in areas exposed to bombardment had increased risk of menstrual abnormalities. For male fertility, the results were conflicting. The Vietnam War was not associated with difficulty in conception although one study revealed a decrease in sperm characteristics. Studies of male US and Danish 1990-91 Gulf war veterans showed no evidence of reduced fertility; however, studies of UK and Australian veterans reported increased risk of infertility. The Lebanese and Slovenian civil wars were associated with a decrease in sperm parameters. Exposure to mustard gas was also associated with abnormal semen parameters; however, exposure to depleted uranium had no effect on semen characteristics. 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