177,408 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The HLA-DRA*0102 allele: correct nucleotide sequence and associated HLA haplotypes
No full textHere we correct the nucleotide sequence of a single known variant of the HLA-DRA gene. We show that the coding regions of the HLA-DRA*0101 and HLA-DRA*0102 alleles do not differ at two codons as reported previously, but only in codon 217. Using nucleotide sequencing and DNA samples from individuals homozygous in the major histocompatibility complex, we found that the variant, leucine 217-encoding HLA-DRA*0102 allele was present on the haplotypes HLA-B*0801, DRB1*03011, DQB1*0201 (ancestral haplotype AH8.1), HLA-B*07021, DRB1*15011, DQB1*0602 (AH7.1), HLA-B*1501, DRB1*15011, DQB1*0602, HLA-B*1501, DRB1*1402, DQB1*03011 and HLA-A3, B*07021, DRB1*1301, DQB1*0603. The HLA-DRA*0101 allele coding for valine 217 was observed on the haplotypes HLA-B*5701, DRB1*0701, DQB1*03032 (AH57.1), HLA-DRB1*04011, DQB1*0302, HLA-DRB1*0701, DQB1*0202, and HLA-DRB1*0101, DQB1*05011
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dye sensitised solar cells with nickel oxide photocathodes prepared via scalable microwave sintering
No full textPhotoactive NiO electrodes for cathodic dye-sensitised solar cells (p-DSCs) have been prepared with thicknesses ranging between 0.4 and 3.0 mm by spray-depositing pre-formed NiO nanoparticles on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates. The larger thicknesses were obtained in sequential sintering steps using a conventional furnace (CS) and a newly developed rapid discharge sintering (RDS) method. The latter procedure is employed for the first time for the preparation of p-DSCs. In particular, RDS represents a scalable procedure that is based on microwave-assisted plasma formation that allows the production in series of mesoporous NiO electrodes with large surface areas for p-type cell photocathodes. RDS possesses the unique feature of transmitting heat from the bulk of the system towards its outer interfaces with controlled confinement of the heating zone. The use of RDS results in a drastic reduction of processing times with respect to other deposition methods that involve heating/calcination steps with associated reduced costs in terms of energy. P1-dye sensitized NiO electrodes obtained via the RDS procedure have been tested in DSC devices and their performances have been analysed and compared with those of cathodic DSCs derived from CS-deposited samples. The largest conversion efficiencies (0.12%) and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies, IPCEs (50%), were obtained with sintered NiO electrodes having thicknesses of B1.5–2.0 mm. In all the
devices, the photogenerated holes in NiO live significantly longer (th B 1 s) than have previously been reported for P1-sensitized NiO photocathodes. In addition, P1-sensitised sintered electrodes give rise to relatively high photovoltages (up to 135 mV) when the triiodide–iodide redox couple is used.Science Foundation IrelandKnut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationSwedish Energy AgencyRoyal Society for ChemistryAM
Erratum: From NiMoO4to γ-NiOOH: Detecting the Active Catalyst Phase by Time Resolved in Situ and Operando Raman Spectroscopy (ACS Nano (2021) 15: 8 (13504−13515) DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04126)
No full textAfter our article was published we became aware of the comprehensive and enlightening study by Liu et al.,1 which we would like to accentuate. In their work, they detect the complete reconstruction of NiMoO4·xH2O nanorods into a highly porous and loose γ-NiOOH structure by electrooxidation in 1 M KOH. By high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron tomography analysis, they could observe that molybdenum leaching, before the oxidation of Ni2+ to Ni3+, causes an amorphous Ni−O layer. This agrees with our X-ray diffraction (XRD) data after molybdenum etching, in which no crystalline phase other than the one of flower-NiMoO4 could be detected.2 By HRTEM, they could infer that the formed γ-NiOOH nanorods are built up from nanosheets when the etching and oxidation step occur subsequently and not simultaneously, which confirms our observation of a roughened sheet-like morphology of our nanorods after catalysis. As in our work, the removal of the vibration spectra of the nanorods was detected by timeresolved in situ Raman spectroscopy measured without applied bias. However, in contrast with us, they suggest that it is the vibration environment that is responsible for the shift of the peak at 355 cm−1 to lower wavenumbers, whereas in our work, this lower wavenumber is assigned to the presence of a flower- NiMoO4 sheet structure between the NiMoO4·xH2O nanorod structure and nickel foam. This was confirmed in our study by performing complementary XRD and Raman spectroscopy studies of flower-NiMoO4 and NiMoO4 nanorods by both selective etching and the additional synthesis of samples with domination of one of the allotropes. We also observe a shift of the peak at 948 cm−1 to slightly lower wavenumbers in their spectra, which, again, is consistent with presence of flower- NiMoO4 sheet structures between the rods and the foam. Interestingly, the anhydrous form of NiMoO4·xH2O, which is also known as α-NiMoO4, shows a much slower leaching rate in 1 M KOH compared with the nanorod-shaped NiMoO4· xH2O.3 Eventually, with 30 wt % KOH or an increased temperature to 51.9 °C in 1 M KOH (as shown in an adjacent study3), molybdenum leaching was achieved for α-NiMoO4. They attributed this to a very limited molybdenum leaching rate that was accelerated by higher concentrated KOH or temperature.2 With the same reasoning and instead considering two different crystal structures, one with more dense/closer packed Ni atoms, it would agree with our detected different molybdenum leaching rates among the different nanostructures, which also possess different crystal structures. This addendum is meant to highlight and acknowledge some recent work we missed in our contribution, with the intention that the additional comments and comparisons made here bring a more complete understanding of the structures and processes present in these systems
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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