1,721,045 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Towards Technology Assessment of Ocean Energy in a Developing Country Context
No full textNew technologies for the extraction of valuable ocean resources are emerging: renewable ocean energy. Ocean energy technologies have so far primarily been developed in industrialized countries but will be deployed in both industrialized and developing countries. Ocean energy technologies promise benefits to people and the global environment on the one hand, and carry risks to marine ecosystems on the other. Simultaneously, the world’s oceans are under severe pressure from human activities, mainly due to a history of high technical development in combination with low regulation. Much could be gained by proactively examining both benefits and hazards at early stages of development. In this thesis, the Technology Assessment framework has been used to outline prerequisites for, benefits from, and adverse consequences of ocean energy technologies in developing countries. The case-study is the Western Indian Ocean (eastern Africa), a region experiencing increasing energy demand, both in fossil fuel-dependent small islands and in mainland countries with very low rural electrification levels and diesel-fuelled off-grid systems. This thesis combines technical, social, and environmental aspects.Firstly, resource overviews were performed, indicating that potentially useful ocean energy sources exist in the region. Wave power resources are abundant in southern parts of the case-study region and conditions are good for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) at several locations. Secondly, the socio-technical prerequisites for the use of ocean energy technologies were examined, considering both small-scale (off-grid) and large-scale (main-grid) applications. Numerous barriers to small-scale use were identified; these should be addressed both by adapting technology and by improving institutional quality. Thirdly, the benefits of different ocean energy technologies were discussed based on the regional context of local demand and existing power systems. In rural areas, electricity demand is low and introduced power sources for off-grid electrification need to be used for productive purposes and should be accompanied by other rural development services, if economic development is to be improved. Connected to main-grids, ocean energy can provide significant amounts of fuel-independent electricity, of particular value to the small island states. Finally, environmental consequences were examined, concluding that very little is yet known.The outcomes of this thesis indicate that large-scale developments of wave power and OTEC can become important contributors to small island states in the Western Indian Ocean, while implementation of small-scale ocean energy in the region would encounter many socio-technical challenges. Due to its higher robustness, higher power output, and by-product of desalinated water, OTEC may provide the highest benefits of the two. In both cases, uncertainties regarding ecological risks remain important constraints to thorough assessment. Mitigation of ecological risks requires more research, emphasis on key ecological processes and cumulative effects in risk assessments, and efficient monitoring of impacts. At the resource-level, risks can be reduced by having a wide range of technical options to choose from (many different technologies for extracting the same resource), and by using technologies that can be further adapted, even after they have become widely used. From this perspective, wave power is the more promising ocean energy technology for the region. The thesis provides a first step towards a policy-supporting proactive Technology Assessment of ocean energy in a developing country context
Power from the Brave New Ocean - Marine Renewable Energy and Ecological Risks
No full textThis thesis address ecological risks associated with the possible growth of marine renewable energy. Tidal power, wave power, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) and currently expanding offshore wind power are likely to become common components of future seascapes. The world ocean is strongly affected by other marine activities and it is essential that the possible expansion of marine renewables takes place without causing further detriment to the ecosystem. Identifying possible ecological risks at an early stage of technical development facilitates adaptation and supports apposite regulation. The five studies of this thesis address: (I) stressors from marine renewables in comparison with other human activities that can cause cumulative effects to marine ecosystems; (II)ecological risks of an offshore wind power project in Kattegat; (III) effects of a small tidal turbine on fish movements; and (IV-V) modeling of collision risks of large tidal turbines.
Methodological contributions include procedures for handling assessment uncertainties,introduction of fish behavior in collision risk modeling, and stereo-video based in situ measurements of current speed and fish swimming speed.
The results indicate that marine renewables are associated with comparatively many different stressors with potential effects on marine ecosystems. The stressors from offshore wind power, wave power and tidal turbines are quite similar. Most stressors from marine renewables are already common as a cause of existing human activities; however, some are different and may have unprecedented effects. Particular uncertainties regard the ecological
effects of OTEC. It was further shown that ecological risks from offshore wind power on cod can be effectively reduced by planning harmful installation procedures so as not to coincide with biologically sensitive periods and that risks for cod are insignificant during the wind power operation phase. For tidal turbines particular uncertainty regards underwater collisions. Here it was found that small turbines are unlikely to pose significant risk to fish. For large turbines the findings indicate that small fish are unlikely to be harmed while large animals may be at risk for collision under poor visibility conditions, such as at night.
Apparent ecological risks of marine renewables vary among the many technical designs and are not known to detail. Positive effects are possible and have not been studied here. By further reducing uncertainties and mitigating risks through technical adaptation, regulation
and planning negative effects of expanding marine renewables can be alleviated. This thesis provides some recommendations for research, development and management
- …
