1,720,957 research outputs found
The Impact of Pre-Trial Detention on Prison Overcrowding: Perspectives From Indonesia's Criminal Justice System
Full text linkThe decision to detain suspects in detention centers or prisons has contributed to the rising occupancy rates, leading to overcrowding in prisons. This study aims to understand the fundamental values underpinning the implementation of pre-trial detention policies in Indonesia and their impact on the increased congestion in prison facilities. The study employs a descriptive approach with a normative juridical research type. The issues are examined using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data collection is conducted through a literature review, and the data is analyzed qualitatively. The research findings reveal that the law provides a robust foundation for implementing alternative offender penalties aside from imprisonment. However, the understanding of law enforcement officers as instruments of law enforcement still tends to favour decisions on pre-trial detention and large-scale detentions. Social and political factors remain the primary basis for the application of suspect detention, subsequently driving the escalation of prison overcrowding cases
Persepsi Siswa tentang Kemampuan Berkomunikasi Guru terhadap Pemahaman IPA Siswa Kelas VIII MTs. Negeri Bulukunyi Kabupaten Takalar
Full text linkHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas komunikas guru sangat mempengaruhi tingkat pemahaman siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA Kelas VIII MTs. Negeri Bulukunyi. Dengan menggunakan regresi sederhana diperoleh persamaan ̂ = 2,421 + 0,909X. Hasil analisis statistik inferensial dengan uji F menunjukkan bahwa nilai F hitung >F tabel yaitu (172,005) > (2,34). sehingga H o ditolak dan H diterima dengan tingkat signifikan yang lebih kecil dari 0,05. Dari uji t (Persial) diperoleh hasil t hitung (13,115) > t tabel (1,992) maka Ho ditolak dan H diterima, dengan tingkat signifikan yang lebih kecil dari 0,05. Dari Uji F dan Uji T artinya bahwa terdapat yang signifikan antara komunikasi guru terhadap pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas VIII MTs Negeri Bulukunyi, dengan menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang sangat kuat yaitu dengan koefesien Korelasi sebesar R=82,9%. Sehingga hasilnya Terbukti
UNDERSTANDING ECONOMIC CRIMES: UNVEILING THE WORLD OF WHITE-COLLAR OFFENSES
Full text linkWhite-collar crime encompasses a broad spectrum of illicit activities conducted within the boundaries of a legitimate profession or financial system. The purpose of this study is to critically examine and analyze the ethical dimensions of economic offenses, seeking to foster a deeper understanding of the moral responsibilities inherent in positions of power and influence. Normative and empirical-juridical research methods are used to comprehensively investigate the phenomenon of white-collar crime. The results of this study are that white-collar crimes are usually committed by individuals who hold positions of authority, respect, and expertise in society. High-ranking officials are entrusted with significant responsibilities by the public to lead and fulfill their duties in an ethical and legitimate manner. officials abuse their power and privileges, acting in ways that undermine public trust and negatively impact the welfare of the state. In terms of criminal law enforcement, white-collar crime often manifests as malfeasance committed by individuals within the government bureaucracy or in collaboration with others. The consequences of such actions, especially in cases of corruption, can cause serious losses to the state's finances and are considered violations of the law, which are punishable under the provisions of the law governing the offense or crime
PEMBARUAN KEBIJAKAN PEMIDANAAN DALAM RANGKA MENGATASI FAKTOR PENYEBAB OVERCROWDING LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN DI INDONESIA
Full text linkTulisan ini mengkaji overcrowding sebagai permasalahan utama yang dihadapi mayoritas lembaga pemasyarakatan di Indonesia. Permasalahan overcrowding merupakan persoalan hilir yang tidak dapat diselesaikan secara parsial, sehingga dibutuhkan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang politik dan kebijakan hukum di Indonesia. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian doktriner, dengan studi kepustakaan dan perbandingan sejumlah negara dalam pengelolaan lembaga pemasyarakatan untuk dijadikan dasar penentuan penyebab dari covercrowding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem hukum dan peradilan di Indonesia masih berkontribusi secara aktif terhadap overcrowding dengan diberlakukannya masa tahanan yang panjang sebelum proses peradilan, jumlah aturan perundang-undangan yang mengedepankan fungsi punitif dengan menerapkan sanksi pidana kurungan dibandingkan dengan fungsi rehabilitatif. Dengan demikian, dibutuhkan sebuah transformasi hukum dan penerapan alternatif pidana tanpa kurungan, sebagai solusi jangka panjang mengatasi overcrowding di Indonesia
TINJAUAN SOCIO-LEGAL PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP NARAPIDANA SETELAH MENJALANI MASA HUKUMANNYA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN: Tinjauan Socio-Legal Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Narapidana Setelah Menjalani Masa Hukumannya Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan
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The role of correctional institutions and society as entities responsible for the implementation of legal sanctions, in reality, holds a key role in shaping the life trajectory of former prisoners after release. However, former prisoners are often confronted with stigma, discrimination, and isolation in various aspects of life, which in turn encourages repeated criminal acts (recidivism). Consequently, a view emerges that the law has not yet provided strong certainty, particularly for former prisoners, due to the continuing imposition of social sanctions by society. This socio-legal research employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The data used are primary data obtained through interviews with informants. The interview results are discussed descriptively to provide a comprehensive perspective on public perceptions of former prisoners. The findings indicate that stigma and discrimination as social sanctions do not produce a positive impact on the reintegration process, especially as they increase the tendency of former prisoners to reoffend. The completion of legal obligations by offenders is not accompanied by a positive societal role in accommodating behavioral changes among former prisoners, particularly in the presence of stigma, discrimination, and isolation. An approach is therefore needed through the implementation of rehabilitation programs involving the community to generate a holistic impact, namely behavioral improvement among former prisoners and increased public understanding of their vital role as an integrated whole in the reintegration and social improvement process.Peran lembaga pemasyarakatan dan masyarakat sebagai entitas yang bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan sanksi hukum, pada kenyataannya turut memegang peranan kunci dalam membentuk lintasan hidup mantan narapidana pasca pembebasan. Meski demikian, tidak jarang mantan narapidana dihadapkan pada stigma, diskriminasi, dan isolasi di berbagai aspek kehidupan, sehingga mendorong terjadinya tindak pidana berulang (residivisme). Dengan demikian, muncul sebuah pandangan bahwa hukum masih belum memberikan kepastian yang kuat, terlebih terhadap mantan narapidana dengan terus bergulirnya sanksi sosial dari masyarakat. Penelitian socio-legal ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan desain fenomenologi sebagai desain penelitian. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang didapatkan melalui kegiatan wawancara terhadap para informan. Hasil dari wawancara tersebut akan dibahas secara deskriptif, untuk memberikan perspektif yang komprehensif terkait persepsi masyarakat terhadap mantan narapidana. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa stigma dan diskriminasi sebagai sanksi sosial terhadap mantan narapidana tidak memberikan dampak yang positif bagi proses reintegrasi, terlebih karena adanya peningkatan kecenderungan terjadinya pengulangan kejahatan oleh mantan narapidana. Selesainya kewajiban hukum para pelaku kejahatan ternyata tidak diiringi dengan peran positif masyarakat dalam mengakomodir perubahan perilaku para mantan narapidana, terlebih dengan adanya stigma, diskrimnasi dan isolasi. Dibutuhkan upaya pendekatan melalui implementasi sejumlah program rehabilitasi yang melibatkan masyarakat, guna menghasilkan dampak holistik, yakni perbaikan perilaku mantan narapidana dan peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat akan peran vital sebagai kesatuan yang utuh dalam proses reintegrasi dan perbaikan sosial
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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