153 research outputs found
THE PROBLEM OF UNIVERSAL SALVATION IN THE TEACHING OF RASHID RIDA
No full textThe problem of salvation of non-Muslims is a crucial element in the discourse of Islamic modernism. It was no less important for such Islamic thinkers of the classical period as Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya and Abu Ḥamid al-Ġazali. The attention of the author of the present paper focuses on understanding the problem of salvation in the teaching of Muhammad Rashid Rida, who was one of the key participants in the modernist movement in Islam. Being a representative of “intellectual salafism”, Rashid Rida proposes a solution for the issue of salvation that comes as an alternative for traditionalist views predominating in Sunni Islam. The present paper serves to prove that Rida’s quite peculiar solution is deeply rooted in Islamic tradition. In particular, it relates to viewpoints of al-Jawziyya and al-Ġazali, which deflect from mainstream. Similar to many other Islamic modernists (we can consider as part of them proponents of Jadidism, such as M. Bigiev, Z. Kamali, R. Fahreddin and others), the main although not the only argument of Rida is based on the Quranic idea of all-embracing Divine grace. In his analysis of Rida’s position, the author notes that the former does not lean towards the liberal variant of Islamic reformism that supposes religious pluralism as one of its basic ideas. Advocating the superiority of Muhammad’s message, the Egyptian thinker adhered to a specific form of soteriological inclusivism that differs from religious pluralism. According to Rida, the main criterion for one’s salvation is whether one was touched upon by undistorted Islamic message or not. Rida was convinced that Gehenna only awaits those non-Muslims who received undistorted Islamic message, clearly understood its Divine source and thenintentionally rejected it. But even they may be redeemed, as God is not obligated to act on his declared threat
Literature Review of Advancements in Adaptive Ramp Metering
No full textAbstractOver a period spanning more than 30 years, several ramp metering algorithms have been developed to improve the operation of freeways. Many of these algorithms were deployed in several regions of the world, and field evaluations have shown their significance to improve traffic conditions on freeways and ramps. Previous reviews of ramp metering algorithms focused more on the research outcomes and evaluations of traditional metering algorithms developed in the early stage of ramp metering research. The purpose of this paper is to cover the more recent developments in ramp metering in relation to the traditional metering strategies. Several local and coordinated ramp metering algorithms were reviewed. In summary, Asservissement Linéaire d’Entrée Autoroutière (ALINEA) was found to be the most widely deployed local ramp metering strategy. The algorithm is simple and implementation costs less than other strategies. It also guarantees the targeted performance goals provided that the on-ramp has sufficient storage. Several extensions were proposed in the literature to fine-tune its performance. Among the coordinated metering strategies, zone based metering is simple to implement and easy to re-configure. System-wide adaptive ramp metering (SWARM) algorithm is more sensitive to calibrate for accurate prediction of traffic states. Heuristic ramp-metering coordination (HERO) algorithm can be useful if both local and coordinated control are desired particularly if the local control is using ALINEA. Fuzzy logic based algorithms are gaining popularity because of the simplicity and the fast re-configuration capability. Advanced real time metering system (ARMS) seems theoretically promising because of its proactive nature to prevent congestion; however, its performance is highly dependent upon accurate predictions. Finally, some guidelines were proposed for future research to develop new proposals and to extend the existing algorithms for guaranteed performance solutions
Mapping the policy, policing and positioning of street vending in New York City
No full textThesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references.tolerance of their activities; governments often allow street vendors in certain areas of the city, while relocating street vendors from sidewalks in others. In the absence of meaningful, in-depth datasets on urban informality, studies investigating this variation have had to rely on case studies, anecdotal material and qualitative neighborhood comparisons. As a result, there have been no large-scale empirical studies undertaking city-wide analysis of the policing of urban informality. This thesis overcomes such limitations by using a mix of administrative data, mobile sensing, GIS mapping and qualitative methods to uncover informality's relationship with the state and the larger urban fabric in New York City. Through visualization and empirical analysis of the enforcement landscape vis-à-vis socioeconomic variables in New York, this project highlights the underlying impulses that lead to uneven regulatory outcomes: disparate claims on urban citizenship and a city's move towards more privatized urbanism. At the same time, my methodology allows this thesis to display the unique interactions street vending has with each neighborhood's socio-spatial environment, resulting in the creation of diverse vending cultures. By recognizing this vibrancy and detangling the determinants of the spatial landscape of vending rule enforcement, this thesis advocates for a fairer regulatory schema for informal commerce.by Rida Qadri.M.C.P
The Life of Hedonism from the Perspective of Al-Tabari and Sayyid Muhammad Rashid Rida (Comparative Study of Tafsir Surah Ali Imran: 14)
No full textThe Qur'an not only tells us about prohibitions and commands, but also talks about the problems of the lives of previous people. Among them are illustrated by the human lifestyle that prioritizes pleasure and physical luxury. Based on the hedonistic lifestyle, it certainly has 'ibrah that can be learned if an in-depth study of the life of hedonism is carried out. The author wants to examine the life of hedonism from the perspective of al-Tabari and Sayyid Muhammad Rasyid Rida. This paper uses a qualitative approach that is classified into library research with library materials, especially Jami' al-Bayan fi Ta'wil Ayi al-Qur'an and Tafsir al-Manar and uses comparative data analysis. The conclusion in this paper is that the life of hedonism according to al-Tabari and Sayyid Muhammad Rasyid Rida is an excessive human lifestyle and indulges in lust in reaching the pleasures of the world. The similarities and differences according to these two mufassirs are almost the same in interpreting the life of hedonism in surah Ali Imran verse 14 that Allah SWT makes beautiful in human views of the pleasures of the world, namely women, children, large assets of gold and silver, selected horses, livestock and rice fields. Sayyid Muhammad Rasyid Rida besides agreeing with Imam al-Tabari, he added that human love for the beauty and pleasure of the world is not only specific to the Jews, but is general
Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Filsafat Politik Ali Abdul Raziq dan Rashid Rida mengenai Khilafah
No full textThis article aims to explain the comparison of political philosophy thoughts, especially regarding the caliphate of two Muslim intellectual figures from Egypt who lived in the same period. Ali Abdul Raziq and Rashid Rida, these two figures talked about the formulation of the ideal state form for Muslims and the implementation of Islamic government. The author writes down the arguments of the two figures and then compares them with the formulations of the two. Khilafah which is a system of government that follows the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad, sharia as the legal basis and Islam as an ideology in running the government. This type of research is library research by applying the comparative method, which prioritizes library materials as the main source. The results of the research from the two Muslim intellectual works from Ali Abdul Raziq\u27s book entitled al-Islam wa Usul al-Hukm and the book Al-Khilafah wa Al-Imamah written by Rashid Rido, show that there are very basic differences in the thoughts of the two figures, where Rashid Rida firmly held the position that followers of Islam are required to uphold the caliphate in their country based on sharia and ijma. On the other hand, Ali Abdul Raziq argues that there is no binding obligation for Muslims to establish a caliphate in their country, he argues that Muslims are free to choose what ideology will be applied in a country. Because in the Qur\u27an and as-Sunnah do not regulate the form of state that Muslims must apply. The thought of Islamic political philosophy, of course, does not only come from these two figures, many Muslim intellectuals argue that this matter needs to be explored for the benefit of Muslims in terms of the state.Â
Comparison of Paradigms in Nautical Traffic Models
No full textThe increase of ship traffic flow, densities, ship size, and the uncertainty from technological advancement raise issues in traffic safety and efficiency. In order to tackle the issue, currently, a simulation model is widely used by various users as the port authority and bridge team and for research and development team. Since the issues are varied for each modeling user, the modeling purposes are also different among the users. Therefore, this research aimed to find the insight into modeling paradigms in simulating the vessel dynamic kinetic information (position, speed, course, and heading) and the encountering (overtaking, head-on, and crossing). A requirement of both aspects for each modeling purposes is set based on the simulation output needed. The insight is gained through comparison of models of the dynamic kinetic information and the encounters in six paradigms. The paradigms are Cellular Automata (CA), Generic Rule-Based (GRB), Specific Rule-Based Model (SRB), Artificial Potential Field (APF), Optimal Control (OC), and System Dynamics (SD). This research also provides an extension of the model by Shu et al. (2015a, 2015b, 2018) with OC paradigm to serve as the safety assessment for the port authority.Civil Engineering | Hydraulic Engineerin
Asymmetric Conflict and Symmetric Crises:Exploring Womens\u27 Liberation movement in the Middle East
No full textTITLE:ASYMMETRIC ONFLICT AND SYMMETRIC CRISES: EXPLORING WOMEN’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST.
Navneet Samuel (Ph.D),Author, Department of West Asian Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. India E-mail- [email protected] Rida Afreen (Ph. D) (Co-author) Center for Women’s Studies, AMU, Aligarh, India. E-mail- [email protected]
ABSTRACT-
During the past many decades, the Middle East has witnessed enormous small and large scale conflicts, where women and children were the most effected participants in every sphere of social, economic and political life. Due to these conflicts, the indigenous societal constructions of this area changed drastically, generating and reflecting multiple ideas of gender development narratives such as Islamic feminism,Arab women’s Liberation and work rights, protection of educational rights, and debates of socio-political inclusion of women. As an empirical qualitative study, this paper aims to explore Lila -Abu Logodh’s “Do Muslim women need saving”, as a premise in dealing with the changing dynamics of women’s role and status during the Arab-Israeli conflicts, and will try to see violence and war from gendered perspectives. It will also question on how women and children deal with post war regressions, coalitions with men, and in the state policy and decision making. As an anthropological descriptive study ,this paper will put to test Logodh’s theorization of Arab women’s development without any external intervention. In the process, it will study the rise of womens’ movement in the Middle East and how modalities of power and empowerment became a necessity in the region. Further, this study also examines the inter and intra conflicts and the resulting crises of this region which led women to continue with their struggle to bear the burden of being as producers and protectors of their families and societies. Furthermore, this study will analyze how national and international organizations have been significant in providing assistance to women in conflict zones in the Middle East, and how far bodies of crises relief are working to bring peace and harmony.Hence, this study will bring to the fore Arab womens’ movement as a catalyst in bringing women to the mainstream, and a model for womens’ empowerment around the world.
KEYWORDS- Women’s Movement, conflict, violence, empowerment, crises, Middle East
Relapse-independent disease activity in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a systematic review
No full textINTRODUCTION: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) is a neuroinflammatory condition characterized by optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. While the current approach to NMOSD focuses on relapse-associated worsening (RAW), recent evidence indicates Relapse-Independent Disease Activity (RIDA) in patients. METHOD: Databases including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were systematically searched up to December 2023. No restrictions were applied. Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting evidence of RIDA in NMOSD patients. Data extraction involved details such as study title, author, participant characteristics, treatment, evaluation methods, positive findings according to RIDA, and prevalence of findings in NMOSD patients. This study is conducted following the PRISMA guidelines with a registered protocol on PROSPERO (ID = CRD42023492352). RESULT: Of 802 studies, 38 were included in the systematic review, covering 1881 NMOSD patients. AQP4-IGg status was positive in 90.6 % of the patients. Ocular findings indicative of RIDA were reported in 23 studies, including thinning of GCIPL, RNFL, GCC, and GCL layers, foveal and macular shape and volume abnormalities, vessel loss, and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) abnormalities. MRI findings supporting the RIDA were reported in 13 studies, including new lesion incidence and brain and spinal cord atrophy. Serum and CSF RIDA-supporting findings were reported in five studies, including elevation in sGFAP and sNFL. Biopsies and autopsies suggested inflammatory processes in relapse-free patients in 2 studies. The predominant manifestation of RIDA in NMOSD was identified in the visual system, suggesting the impaired retinal glial cells like Müller cells during the relapse-free period in NMOSD. INTERPRETATION: Our systematic review provides valuable insights into RIDA in NMOSD. Establishing guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of RIDA is crucial. Further studies are needed to provide robust evidence on RIDA in NMOSD patients
Paigham e Mahan
No full textPaigham e mahan is the first book written on animal rights in pakistan..in this book author includes biographies of those people who have worked on animal rights. and she also mention foundations who rescue animals
Protection strategies for biocatalytic proteins under plasma treatment
No full textIn plasma-driven biocatalysis, enzymes are employed to carry out reactions using species generated by non-thermal plasmas as the precursors. We have previously demonstrated that this is feasible in principle, but that the approach suffers from the short lifetime of the biocatalyst under operating conditions. In this work, protection strategies were investigated to prevent the dielectric barrier discharge plasma-induced inactivation of biocatalysts, using recombinant unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO), one of the most promising enzymes for plasma-driven biocatalysis. Treatment in oxygen-free atmospheres did not provide any advantage over treatment in synthetic air, indicating that the detrimental reactive species did not originate from oxygen in the plasma phase. Chemical scavengers were employed to eliminate undesired reactive species, without any long-term effect on enzyme lifetime. Similarly, chaperones, including the known stress response proteins Hsp33, CnoX, and RidA did not increase the lifetime of rAaeUPO. Immobilization of the biocatalyst proved effective in preserving enzyme activity. The residual activity of rAaeUPO after plasma treatment strongly depended on the specific immobilization support. Essentially complete protection for at least 15 min of plasma exposure was achieved with an epoxy-butyl-functionalized carrier. This study presents new insights into plasma-protein interactions and plots a path forward for protecting biocatalytic proteins from plasma-mediated inactivation. Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.BT/Biocatalysi
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