276 research outputs found
Modification of palm kernel oil esters nanoemulsions with hydrocolloid gum for enhanced topical delivery of ibuprofen
No full textNorazlinaliza Salim,1 Mahiran Basri,1,2 Mohd BA Rahman,1 Dzulkefly K Abdullah,1 Hamidon Basri31Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 2Laboratory of Biomolecular Medicine, Institute of Bioscience, 3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, MalaysiaIntroduction: During recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of nanoemulsion as a drug-carrier system for topical delivery. A nanoemulsion is a transparent mixture of oil, surfactant and water with a very low viscosity, usually the product of its high water content. The present study investigated the modification of nanoemulsions with different hydrocolloid gums, to enhanced drug delivery of ibuprofen. The in vitro characterization of the initial and modified nanoemulsions was also studied.Methods: A palm kernel oil esters nanoemulsion was modified with different hydrocolloid gums for the topical delivery of ibuprofen. Three different hydrocolloids (gellan gum, xanthan gum, and carrageenan) were selected for use. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed using palm kernel oil esters as the oil, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and water. Nanoemulsions were prepared by phase inversion composition, and were gradually mixed with the freshly prepared hydrocolloids. The initial nanoemulsion and modified nanoemulsions were characterized. The abilities of the nanoemulsions to deliver ibuprofen were assessed in vitro, using a Franz diffusion cell fitted with rat skin.Results: No significant changes were observed in droplet size (~16–20 nm) but a significant difference in polydispersity indexes were observed before and after the modification of nanoemulsions using gellan gum, carrageenan, and xanthan gum. The zeta potentials of the initial nanoemulsions (–11.0 mV) increased to –19.6 mV, –13.9 mV, and –41.9 mV, respectively. The abilities of both the initial nanoemulsion (T802) and the modified nanoemulsion to deliver ibuprofen through the skin were evaluated in vitro, using Franz diffusion cells fitted with rat skin. The in vitro permeation data showed that the modified nanoemulsion (Kp value of 55.4 × 10-3 cm • h-1) increased the permeability of ibuprofen 4.40 times over T802 (Kp value of 12.6 × 10-3 cm • h-1) (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The modified nanoemulsion may be a promising vehicle to enhance the permeation of ibuprofen for topical delivery.Keywords: ibuprofen, in vitro study, palm kernel oil esters, topical deliver
CASE REPORT - ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (ADEM)PRESENTING WITH BILATERAL OPTIC NEURITIS
No full textA 43-year old lady presented with progressive loss of vision in both
eyes followed by rapid deterioration of consciousness within the next
few days. This was preceded by a viral infection one week before her
presentation. At presentation she had evidence of meningism and signs
of bilateral upper motor neuron lesions and was managed initially as
acute meningoencephalitis with antibiotics. The brain CT was within
normal limits but subsequent MRI of the brain revealed multiple foci of
hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted and FLAIR images. The cerebrospinal
fluid examination revealed lymphocytosis, and normal protein and
glucose levels. Cultures of the CSF were negative. She was managed as
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with high-dose of
intravenous methlyprednisolone one gram/day for three consecutive days
followed by oral prednisolone 60 mg/day. Despite the management she
lapsed into coma and succumbed to her illness nine days after
admission
CASE REPORT - ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (ADEM)PRESENTING WITH BILATERAL OPTIC NEURITIS
No full textA 43-year old lady presented with progressive loss of vision in both
eyes followed by rapid deterioration of consciousness within the next
few days. This was preceded by a viral infection one week before her
presentation. At presentation she had evidence of meningism and signs
of bilateral upper motor neuron lesions and was managed initially as
acute meningoencephalitis with antibiotics. The brain CT was within
normal limits but subsequent MRI of the brain revealed multiple foci of
hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted and FLAIR images. The cerebrospinal
fluid examination revealed lymphocytosis, and normal protein and
glucose levels. Cultures of the CSF were negative. She was managed as
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with high-dose of
intravenous methlyprednisolone one gram/day for three consecutive days
followed by oral prednisolone 60 mg/day. Despite the management she
lapsed into coma and succumbed to her illness nine days after
admission
Development of nanoemulsion for efficient brain parenteral delivery of cefuroxime: designs, characterizations, and pharmacokinetics
No full textSiti Norhawani Harun,1 Syafinaz Amin Nordin,2 Siti Salwa Abd Gani,3,4 Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin,5,6 Mahiran Basri,7 Hamidon Bin Basri1 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; 3Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; 4Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; 5Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 6Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia; 7Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia Background and aim: Drugs that are effective against diseases in the central nervous system and reach the brain via blood must pass through the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a unique interface that protects against potential harmful molecules. This presents a major challenge in neuro-drug delivery. This study attempts to fabricate the cefuroxime-loaded nanoemulsion (CLN) to increase drug penetration into the brain when parenterally administered. Methods: The nanoemulsions were formulated using a high-pressure homogenization technique and were characterized for their physicochemical properties. Results: The characterizations revealed a particle size of 100.32±0.75 nm, polydispersity index of 0.18±0.01, zeta potential of -46.9±1.39 mV, viscosity of 1.24±0.34 cps, and osmolality of 285.33±0.58 mOsm/kg, indicating that the nanoemulsion has compatibility for parenteral application. CLN was physicochemically stable within 6 months of storage at 4°C, and the transmission electron microscopy revealed that the CLN droplets were almost spherical in shape. The in vitro release of CLN profile followed a sustained release pattern. The pharmacokinetic profile of CLN showed a significantly higher Cmax, area under the curve (AUC)0–t, prolonged half-life, and lower total plasma clearance, indicating that the systemic concentration of cefuroxime was higher in CLN-treated rats as compared to cefuroxime-free treated rats. A similar profile was obtained for the biodistribution of cefuroxime in the brain, in which CLN showed a significantly higher Cmax, AUC0–t, prolonged half-life, and lower clearance as compared to free cefuroxime solution. Conclusion: Overall, CLN showed excellent physicochemical properties, fulfilled the requirements for parenteral administration, and presented improved in vivo pharmacokinetic profile, which reflected its practical approach to enhance cefuroxime delivery to the brain. Keywords: parenteral nanoemulsion, cefuroxime, drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, blood–brain barrie
Development of a computer program for shaft design / Basri Ibrahim and Nang Jamilah Nik Omar
Get PDFIn this report, a computer program was written in order to determine the size of a shaft to be used for power transmission. The uniform or stepped solid shaft under consideration is supported on two bearings and to be made from any material with known properties. S.I. Units are used throughout the design. The program consists of main program and nine subprograms to facilitate the computation at which is based on ASME Code (formula that establish by the American Society Of Mechanical Engineers in 1927) using the FORTRAN POWERSTATION VERSION 4.0 where The Microsoft Developer Studio is an integrated development environment for Fortran applications. This will enable the Personal Computer to be used to run the program. Then the program been tested and the results obtained were compared with the manual calculation validation. The author hope that this program will be useful for educational purpose and hopefully will help to certain extent the Mechanical Engineering Student who are studying about the shaft design
Formation of stable palm kernel oil esters nanoemulsion system containing hydrocortisone
Get PDFA physical and chemically stable palm kernel oil esters emulsion system with nanosized droplet was developed as a delivery system for hydrocortisone (hydrophobic drug). A simple low energy emulsification method was used in forming the nanoemulsions. The influence of added solvents (isopropanol and ethanol) on particle size and stability of oil in water nanoemulsion was investigated. Formation of nanoemulsion with solvent, increase the solubility of hydrocortisone in the oil phase and thus make the nanoemulsion more stable. Reducing the solvent to lipoid ratio showed no significant difference in the mean particle size. However, after solvent removal particle size increased over time. As for zeta potential value, all nanoemulsions exhibited values below -30 mV which indicated good stability. The DSC thermograms for stable nanoemulsions proved that hydrocortisone is in a non-crystalline state, suggesting that hydrocortisone is homogenized well in the nanoemulsion system. These results showed that nanoemulsion with solvent appear to be a promising transdermal delivery vehicle for hydrocortisone
Stability of Positively Charged Nanoemulsion Formulation Containing Steroidal Drug for Effective Transdermal Application
Get PDFThis paper emphasizes the formation of a positively charged nanoemulsion system for steroid drugs (hydrocortisone). It is believed that positively charged nanoemulsion provides more effective penetration of the skin. Therefore in our study we focused on the incorporation of phytosphingosine which serves as a positively charged cosurfactant in the nanoemulsion system. Negatively charged nanoemulsions were formulated mainly for comparison. Freshly prepared formulations were formed with particle size less than 300 nm and showed good stability over time. The oil-in-water nanoemulsion also showed good viscosity, conductivity, and pH values. From TEM micrograph, particle size showed consistent results with the measurement using photon correlation spectroscopy. It was concluded that both positively and negatively charged nanoemulsions showed good stability and have great potential in transdermal delivery system. Though, further investigation of the drug release and drug penetration of both positively and negatively charged nanoemulsions will be studied to further prove the efficacy of nanoemulsion with hydrocortisone as a delivery system for dermal application
THE AUTHOR'S STRUGGLING VALUES IN CULTURAL REPRODUCTION NOVEL BIOGRAPHICAL NOVEL 49 HARI KISAH PENANTANG GELOMBANG BY NURIL BASRI
No full textThe development of the era and the development of literary science make novels not only fictional. The novel 49 Hari Kisah Penantang Gelombang by Nuril Basri is written based on the reality that occurs in the real world, so it can be called a biographical novel. Starting from human existence in facing a series of extreme problems that arise in real life, then reproduced by the author into a biographical novel. The purpose of this study is to describe the author’s struggling value in writing the novel 49 Hari Kisah Penantang Gelombang. To reveal these values, the theory on the aspect of struggle values will be utilized. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with Abrams' expressive criticism approach to the sociology of the author. The data collection technique used is documentation study. While the data analysis technique is qualitative data analysis. The results of the study show the values of struggle: persistence, patience, never giving up, and the responsibility of a novelist in conducting research to reproduce true stories into literary works in the biographical novel genre
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