18,300 research outputs found
Ash-Shuo'a" the UNDIVIDED by Imam Omar Bin Abdulaziz Al-Boukhary in the Hanafi School
No full textThis research treating a study and investigation of the book titled "Ash-Shuo'a" THE UNDIVIDED by Imam Omar Bin Abdulaziz Al-Boukhary in the Hanafi school. It contains an Introduction and two chapters, the introduction displays the reasons for choosing the research title, it's important, the previous studies, its objectives, its methodology and the abstract. The first chapter: the theoretical contains two themes. The first identify the author, the second identify the investigated book. The second chapter: the investigation which includes the methodology followed in the investigation of manuscript, the photos and the investigation of the book. Finally, I have showed the most important results and recommendations. Also, I mentioned the index of resources and references used in study and investigation
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Karakteristik Rasm dalam Manuskrip Mushḥaf Al-Qur’an KH. Abdul Hamid Chasbullah
No full textOne of the Qur'an manuscripts from the 20th century is the written version (mushḥaf) KH. Abdul Hamid Chasbullah. The mushḥaf is evidence of the historical heritage of the ulama of Nusantara who have special attention in the field of copying the Qur'an manuscripts. In this study, the author will examine the general description of the mushḥaf and the characteristics of the rasm by referring to the rules of Sheikh Jalal Al-din Al-Suyuthi in the book Al-Itqan fi Ulum Qur'an. The method that the author uses is qualitative research that leads to library research, by using observation tools, interviews, and documentation of the manuscript. The findings of this study are first, this mushḥaf is kept intact (not scattered) although some sheets have been lost and eaten by termites. This 32.3 x 21 x 7.5(cm) mushḥaf was written for the personal use of the copyist. It can be seen that there aren’t illustration and illumination aspects. Second, from the analysis of surah Al-Baqarah juz 2, the copying of this mushḥaf still adheres to the basics of mixed rules between the rasm utsmani and imla'i. Likewise, in terms of qira'at, this mushḥaf mostly uses the history of Imam Hafs 'an Ashim, but some words use mixed history
KONSEP ESKATOLOGI DALAM AL-QUR’AN (Studi Komparatif Penafsiran Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali dan Fazlur Rahman)
No full textTesis ini berjudul “Konsep Eskatologi dalam Al-Qur’an (Studi Komparasi penafsiran Abu
Hamid Al-Ghazali dan Fazlur Rahman)” ditulis oleh Raga Maulana Primadi dengan dua
pembimbing yaitu Prof. Dr. H. Abad Badruzaman, Lc., M.Ag dan Dr. H. Ahmad Zainal Abidin, M.A
Kata Kunci: Eskatologi, Akhirat, Komparasi, Kontekstualisasi.
Khazanah keilmuan Islam dari era klasik hingga modern terus memunculkan kajian- kajian wacana ke-Islaman, terkhususnya terhadap al-Qur’an. Banyak dari ulama-ulama berusaha menggali isi inti dari al-Qur’an, dalam bidang tafsir misalnya. Pengadaan beragam metode dan penafsiran telah dilakukan oleh ulama-ulama tafsir hingga ulama yang notabenya bukan dianggap sebagai mufassir telah memberikan sumbangsih karya mengenai kajian tentang ayat-ayat al-Qur’an. Kajian tentang Eskatologi (al-Sam‘iyya>t) menjadi perhatian penting ulama pada zamannya, hingga menjadi perdebatan oleh sebagian kalangan ulama dan filosof. Selain dari para filsuf, pembahasan tentang ayat-ayat al-Sam‘iyya>t juga banyak dilakukan oleh para mufassir yang membahas banyak tentang makna ayat-ayat dalam al- Qur’an. Seperti Imam al-Thabari, Imam al-Razi, Muhammad Abduh, hingga pada masa kini di Indonesia seperti Buya Hamka dan Quraisy Syihab. Dari banyaknya mufassir tersebut, penulis akan menilik pemikiran dan penafsiran yang sebenarnya tidak dianggap sebagai seorang mufassir, tetapi memiliki gaya kajian dan pemikiran tentang al-Qur’an dalam karyanya seperti Abu Hamid al-Ghazali dan Fazlur Rahman. Dalam sejarahnya mereka disebut sebagai para pembaharu Islam dalam abad pertengahan dan zaman modern dalam Islam. Maka peneltian ini akan membahas konsep tentang eskatologi dalam al-Qur’an menurut penafsiran al-Ghazali dan Fazlur Rahman.
Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Bagaimana wawasan al-
Qur’an tentang Eskatologi?; 2) Bagaimana pandangan al-Ghazali dan Fazlur Rahman atas ayat- ayat Eskatologi?; 3) Bagaimana Komparasi antara penafsiran al-Ghazali dan Fazlur Rahman atas ayat-ayat Eskatologi?; 4) Bagaimana Kontekstualisasi konsep Eskatologi dalam era kekinian?. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah Library Research (Studi Kepustakaan) dengan sumber primernya berasal dari literatur karya Abu Hamid al-Ghazali dan karya Fazlur Rahman. Adapun analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis, dilanjutakan melakukan komparasi kepada pemikiran kedua tokoh.
Kesimpulan yang dapat diuraikan dari penelitian ini adalah Eskatologi secara umum adalah doktrin tentang akhir dari manusia dan dunia, sedangkan eskatologi dalam Islam adalah doktrin tentang hari akhir yang bersifat g}aibiyyah atau juga dikenal sebagai istilah al- Sam‘iyya>t. Didalamnya membahas tentang konsep dunia dan akhirat, kematian, kiamat dunia, hari kebangkitan, pengadilan, serta doktrin surga dan neraka. Kedua, hasil penafsiran yang dilakukan al-Ghazali dan Fazlur Rahman dalam karyanya masing-masing memberikan menunjukkan pembahasan yang sama dengan metodologi yang berbeda. Keduanya sama-sama menjelaskan bahwa eskatologi dalam al-Qur’an adalah doktrin tentang segala sesuatu yang terjadi di akhirat, yang bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran bagi setiap manusia dalam memperbaiki diri dan hidup lebih bermoral di dunia. sedangkan keduanya berdeda dalam metode penafsiran, al-Ghazali menggunakan metode kalam-mistis dengan pendekatan normatif-teologis dan Rahman menggunakan metode interpretasi filosofis dengan pendekatan sisntesis-logis dalam penafsiran ayat-ayat akhirat (eskatologi). Dalam memposisikan masalah eskatologi dalam era kekinian, maka perlu adanya: pertama, Responsibilitas manusia segala perbuatan baik dan buruk manusia dunia dan konsekuensi di akhirat. Kedua, Trasnparansi dan reabilitas perbuatan sebagai upaya menghadapi pengadilan di akhirat. Ketiga, akuntabilitas ukuran h}isa>b dan miza>n berimplikasi terhadap keseimbangan sosial kemasyarakatan
Efektifitas Pengunaan Metode Kauny Quantum Memory (KQM) terhadap Kemampuan Berbahasa Arab Siswa Kelas IV MI Plus Al-Hamid Banjarmasin
No full textKurangnya variasi metode dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab membuat
siswa merasa bosan dan kurang tertarik pada pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan.
Kauny Quantum Memory merupakan Metode yang menyenangkan. Hal ini
dibuktikan dengan antusias siswa yang cukup tinggi dalam menghafal,
dikarenakan menghafal secara bersama-sama menimbulkan semangat bagi siswa.
Meskipun dalam keadaan lelah, siswa tetap antusias untuk menghafal. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar metode Kauny Quantum Memory
berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas IV Mi Plus Al-Hamid
Banjarmasin. Mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan Metode Kauny Quantum
Memory terhadap kemampuan BerBahasa Arab siswa kelas IV MI Plus Al-Hamid
Banjarmasin.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan
pendekatan kuantitatif eksperemen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa
kelas IV MI Plus Al-Hamid Banjarmasin. Penarikan sampel menggunakan
Sampling Purposive atau sampel bertujuan, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data
dalam penelitian ini adalah tes, observasi, wawancara dan analisis data dengan uji
normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji t.
Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata siswa kelas IV
sebesar 83,00 dengan ini berada pada kualifikasi baik. Sedangkan hasil uji t
menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar Bahasa Arab
dengan nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,05. Maka Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak dengan
demikian terdapat efektifitas. Hal ini bisa menunjukkan bahwa metode Kauny
Quantum Memory lebih efektif digunakan, dari nilai rata-rata Pretest 61,40
Menjadi 83,00 pada nilai posttest dengan kualifikasi amat baik. Dapat
disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan dari hasil belajar siswa yang
menggunakan dan tidak menggunakan metode Kauny Quantum Memory Terhadap
Kemampuan BerBahasa Arab Siswa Kelas IV MI Plus Al-Hamid Banjarmasin
Critical edition of Muhammad Al-Tayyib's manuscript "Travel to Hijaz" : annotated and authenticated
No full textOne of the outstanding scholars of the field of Moroccan travel literature was Muh?ammad b. Muh?ammad al-T?ayyib b. Muh?ammad b. Musa b. Muh?ammad al-Sharqi al-Sumayli, al-Fasi al-Madani. Born in the city of Fez in 1110/1698. He studied with some of the most known scholars of Morocco at that time including Abu al-cAbbas Ah?mad al-Misnawi, Abu cAbdullah Muh?ammad al-Misnawi, Abu al-cAbbas Ah?mad al-Fasi and Abu T?ahir Muhammad al-Kurani. Having acquired his early education in his home country he emigrated eastward to Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and finally to Medinah where he died in 1170/1756 after living and teaching there for many years.It is not surprising then that this great scholar left behind him a treasure of works in a variety of fields; indeed we find Ibn al-T?ayyib wrote many works, including four in jurisprudence, three in h?adith and sixteen in grammar and in linguistics. Despite this however many of his academic contributions remain in manuscript form and therefore are inaccessible to the greater majority.One such work is “Rih?lah il a al-H?ijaz,” which is particularly important to the field of travel literature as it represents a major contribution. This is because Ibn al-T?ayyib came relatively late, historically, compared to other travel writers. In addition, it contains many minute details, which the author took care to record during his journey from place to place. It also contains accounts of everything he saw and his comments regarding the social, economic and political conditions of the countries he visited, as well as comments about the scholars whom he was able to meet. This work is important also because it is considered the most important reference for the author’s life, culture and is an important literary reference in terms of the poetry and prose, classical and modern, eastern and western, that it contains. In addition it accounts for both literary and religious scholars, the linguistic derivations of geographical names and draws attention to the mistakes of those who wrote about them before him. Bearing in mind the great significance of this work from a variety of aspects this thesis involves the complete revision, editing, annotation and authentication of the manuscript including the correction of missing characters and providing available information and biographical notes on the text
Energy-aware cooperative content distribution over wireless networks: Optimized and distributed approaches
No full textIn this paper, we address the problem of optimal energy-aware content distribution over wireless networks with mobile-to-mobile cooperation. Given a number of mobile terminals (MTs) interested in downloading a common content via a base station (BS), the MTs are grouped into cooperative groups or coalitions. Within each coalition, an optimally chosen coalition head downloads the content from the BS and either unicasts or multicasts it to the other MTs. The centralized optimization formulations are derived for both unicasting and multicasting among the MTs, along with the suitable simplifications to reduce the complexity of the optimization formulations. Then, a polynomial time heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problems for relatively large networks where the optimal solution becomes computationally complex. Furthermore, a distributed algorithm, which is based on coalitional game theory, is developed to allow the MTs to choose, independently, which coalitions to join. Performance results for various scenarios demonstrate that the proposed algorithms lead to significant reduction in the total energy consumed by the MTs. In addition, the proposed centralized and distributed algorithms are shown to have relatively low complexity while achieving a near-optimal performance. © 1967-2012 IEEE.Albano M., 2011, P 26 WIR WORLD RES F, P1; Al-Kanj L, 2010, P IEEE 17 INT C TEL, V471-475; Al-Kanj L, 2011, 2011 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (PIMRC), P1567, DOI 10.1109-PIMRC.2011.6139767; Al-Kanj L, 2013, T EMERG TELECOMMUN T, V24, P317, DOI 10.1002-ett.2552; Al-Kanj L., 2013, IEEE COMMUN SURV TUT, DOI [10.1109-sur.2012.121912.00052, DOI 10.1109-SUR.2012.121912.00052]; [Anonymous], 2005, HP IPAQ POCKET PC H6; Apt K., 2006, P 1 INT WORKSH COMSO, P1; Arachchige C., 2008, P IEEE S NEW FRONT D, P1; Balani R., 2007, ENERGY CONSUMPTION A; Bhatia R, 2006, IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT, V5, P1004, DOI 10.1109-TMC.2006.116; Byrka J, 2010, SIAM J COMPUT, V39, P2212, DOI 10.1137-070708901; Byrka J., 2010, LP ROUNDING ALGORITH; Camp T, 2002, WIREL COMMUN MOB COM, V2, P483, DOI 10.1002-wcm.72; Chandrasekhar V, 2008, IEEE COMMUN MAG, V46, P59, DOI 10.1109-MCOM.2008.4623708; Chudak FA, 2003, SIAM J COMPUT, V33, P1, DOI 10.1137-S0097539703405754; Clausen J., 1999, BRANCH BOUND ALGORIT; Damljanovic Z, 2008, CSNDSP 08: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, NETWORKS AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, P251; Fitzek FHP, 2009, WIRELESS PERS COMMUN, V48, P141, DOI 10.1007-s11277-007-9425-6; Goldsmith A., 2005, WIRELESS COMMUNICATI; Gondzio J., 1996, ADV LINEAR INTEGER P; Guha S, 1999, J ALGORITHM, V31, P228, DOI 10.1006-jagm.1998.0993; Han Z., 2011, GAME THEORY WIRELESS; He A., 2011, J COMMUN, V6, P340; Hua S, 2011, IEEE T MULTIMEDIA, V13, P402, DOI 10.1109-TMM.2010.2103929; Kang SS, 2005, WIREL COMMUN MOB COM, V5, P633, DOI 10.1002-wcm.332; Leung MF, 2007, IEEE T BROADCAST, V53, P350, DOI 10.1109-TBC.2006.889093; Li S., 2011, P ICALP 2, P77; Lo E.M., 2009, P 3 INT C PESA HONG, P1, DOI 10.1145-1646396.1646403; Lovasz L., 1993, COMBINATORIAL PROBLE; Mahmud K, 2005, IEICE T COMMUN, VE88B, P1097, DOI 10.1093-ietcom-e88-b.3.1097; Miao GW, 2009, WIREL COMMUN MOB COM, V9, P529, DOI 10.1002-wcm.698; Mihelic J., 2002, P INT CONF OR SEP, P371; Murthy C.S.R., 2004, AD HOC WIRELESS NETW; Myerson R. B., 1991, GAME THEORY ANAL CON; Popova L, 2008, COMPUT NETW, V52, P1153, DOI 10.1016-j.comnet.2007.12.007; Proakis J. G., 2001, DIGITAL COMMUNICATIO; Qiao DJ, 2002, IEEE INFOCOM SER, P580; Ramadan M., 2008, P 19 IEEE INT S PERS, P1; Ray D., 2007, GAME THEORETIC PERSP; Saad W, 2009, IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG, V26, P77, DOI 10.1109-MSP.2009.000000; Service TC, 2011, AUTON AGENT MULTI-AG, V22, P225, DOI 10.1007-s10458-010-9123-8; Wolsey LA, 1998, INTEGER PROGRAMMING; Yaacoub E, 2012, T EMERG TELECOMMUN T, V23, P378, DOI 10.1002-ett.1546; Yoo JW, 2011, IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT, V10, P491, DOI 10.1109-TMC.2010.161; Zhu D., 2008, J PERVASIVE MOBILE C, V4, P3351
Sighnifikansi Ayat Tentang Konsep Demokrasi di Indonesia dalam Qs. Ali Imran Ayat 159 (Pendekatan Pembacaan Kontekstual Nashr Hamid Abu Zayd)
No full textABSTACTPenelitian ini membahas mengenai sighnifikansi ayat tentang konsep demokrasi di Indonesia dalam QS. Al-Imra>n ayat 159 dengan melalui pendekatan pembacaan kontekstual Nas}r Hamid Abu Zayd. Cara kerja pendekatan tersebut yaitu lebih menekankan pada asba>b al-nuzul dengan melihat permasalahan dari sudut pandang yang lebih luas, yaitu dengan leseluruhan konteks sosial-historis (mujmal al-siya>q al-tarikh al-ijtima’i) turunnya wahyu. Di sisi lain juga membuat perbedaan antara makna historis (al-dala>la>t al-tarikhiyyat) yang diperoleh dari suatu konteks pada satu sisi serta sighnifikansi (al-maghza) yang di indikasikan oleh makna dalam konteks sosio-historis penafsiran pada sisi yang lain. Karenanya, dengan menggunakan pendekatan ini peneliti mengharapkan dapat mengetahui sighnifikansi mengenai konsep demokrasi dalam ayat tersebut, sebab mengingat bahwa inti daripada ayatnya hanya berbicara mengenai syura, sementara kata demokrasi sendiri tidak disebut secara ekplisit. Pada kesimpulannya, konsep syura yang terdapat dalam ayat tersebut memiki relasi dengan konsep demokrasi, meskipun secara historis ayat tersebut kaitannya erat dengan peristiwa perang badar, tetapi implikasinya terhadap pemerintahan memiliki posisi daan peran yang utama dan terpenting seperti perihal strategi dalam sebuah pemerintahan untuk kemaslahatan umat (musyawarah).Kata Kunci: Sighnifikansi, Konsep Demokrasi, Pembacaan Kontekstual, Nas}r Hamid Abu Zayd
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