178,732 research outputs found
LAGU HAMDAN KARYA KOKO KOSWARA DAN R. ADING AFFANDIE
No full textSkripsi dengan judul “Lagu Hamdan Karya Koko Koswara dan R. Ading Affandie” merupakan salah satu karya ilmiah yang ditulis berdasarkan latar belakang yang telah dipaparkan,maka peneliti ingin lebih meneliti lagu Hamdan tersebut. Untuk mempermudah penelitian, maka peneliti menyusun kajian permasalahan dan pertanyaan. Bagaimana melodi lagu Hamdan karya Koko Koswara, bagaimana lirik lagu Hamdan karya R. Ading Affandi, dan Bagaimana hubungan melodi dan lirik lagu Hamdan karya Koko Koswara dan R. Ading Affandie. Dalam penelitian ini,peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Peneliti mendapatkan hasil yang menunjukan bahwa isi di dalam lagu Hamdan ini dapat dibagi menjadi 3 bagian di sebut A, B, C. Banyak terjadi beberapa legato atau tekhnik melismatis yaitu beberapa nada dalam satu suku kata. Tekhnik ini dipadukan dengan pengembangan motif yang ada pada lagu tersebut. lagu ini memakai laras madenda titugu yang pada bagian ke3 berubah surupan menjadi 4= G (Galimber). Koko Koswara menciptakan pola melodi dilihat dari berbagai aspek. Dengan contoh, Koko Koswara menciptakan lagu melihat dengan suku katanya, artinya, dan juga dengan makna nya. Koko Koswara mencoba membuat melodi mengikuti lirik yang dibuat oleh R. Ading Affandie dengan pola melodi yang mencermikan maksud dalam lirik yang diiringi melodi tersebut. Dengan itu kita tahu, Koko Koswara menciptakan suatu pola melodi dengan memperhatikan hukum-hukum dimana bahasa Arab dan bahasa Sunda berbeda pengucapannya, namun bisa bersatu dengan kesatuan yang baik guna bisa tersampainya makna dalam lagu tersebut. Koko Koswara, beliau telah membuktikan bahwa lagu termasuk kedalam seni kreasi baru.----------Thesis with the title "Songs Hamdan Koko Koswara and R. Ading Affandie" is one of the scientific paper was written based on the background that has been presented, the researchers wanted to more closely examine the Hamdan song. To facilitate the study, the researchers compiled the study of the problems and questions. How melody Hamdan Koko Koswara works, how the lyrics of the song by R. Ading Hamdan Affandi, and how the melody and lyrics relations Hamdan Koko works Koswara and R. Ading Affandie. In this study, researchers used a descriptive method of analysis. Researchers get results showed that the content in Hamdan songs can be divided into three sections called A, B, C. A lot happened some legato or melismatis techniques that some tones in one syllable. This technique combined with the existing development pattern in the song. This song madenda titugu barrel wear that on the 3rd turn Surupan into 4 = G (Galimber). Koko Koswara creating melodic patterns viewed from various aspects. By example, Koko Koswara create songs see the syllable, means, and also with its meaning. Koko Koswara tried to make melody to follow the lyrics created by R. Ading Affandie with melodic patterns that reflect the intent in the lyrics to the accompaniment of the melody. With that we know, Koko Koswara creating a melodic patterns with the laws of which the Arabic language and the Sundanese different pronunciation, but can be united with good unity to be tersampainya meaning in the song. Koko Koswara, he has proven that the songs included in the new creations of art
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
The Relationship between Postpartum Depression and Breastfeeding
No full textIntroduction: The purpose was to investigate the possible correlation or predictive relationship between breastfeeding and Postpartum Depression (PPD). Method: We conducted a prospective study in which 137 Arab women were assessed during pregnancy and postpartum. Current breastfeeding was correlated with postpartum outcomes (EPDS and MINI), employment, and use of formula at 2 and 4 months postpartum, as well as with other variables. Results: Women who were breastfeeding at 2 and 4 months had lower scores on EPDS (p 0.0037 and p 0.0001, respectively) and were less likely to be diagnosed with PPD at 4 months (p 0.0025). Higher scores on EPDS and diagnosis of PPD at 2 months were predictive of lower rates of breastfeeding at 4 months (p 0.0001 and p 0.005, respectively). Women who were employed and using formula at 2 months were less likely to breastfeed at 4 months (p 0.0001). Breastfeeding women at 2 months had lower scores on EPDS (p 0.003) and were less likely to be diagnosed with PPD (p 0.05) at 4 months. Discussion: The results indicate that women who breastfeed their infants reduced their risk of developing PPD, with effects being maintained over the first 4 months postpartum. PPD may also decrease the rate of breastfeeding, suggesting a reciprocal relationship between these variables. © 2012 Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.Abou-Saleh MT, 1998, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V23, P465; Beck CT, 2001, NURS RES, V50, P275, DOI 10.1097-00006199-200109000-00004; McCoy Sarah J Breese, 2006, J Am Osteopath Assoc, V106, P193; Dennis CL, 2009, PEDIATRICS, V123, pE736, DOI 10.1542-peds.2008-1629; Dunn S, 2006, JOGNN-J OBST GYN NEO, V35, P87, DOI 10.1111-J.1552-6909.2006.00005.x; Galler JR, 1999, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V20, P80, DOI 10.1097-00004703-199904000-00002; Ghubash R, 1997, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V32, P474; Ghusbash R, 2009, PSYCHOL REP, V105, P127; Green Katherine, 2006, Psychol Health Med, V11, P425, DOI 10.1080-13548500600678164; Hamdan A, 2011, ARCH WOMEN MENT HLTH, V14, P125, DOI 10.1007-s00737-010-0189-8; Hatton DC, 2005, J HUM LACT, V21, P444, DOI 10.1177-0890334405280947; Ip S, 2009, BREASTFEED MED, V4, pS17, DOI 10.1089-bfm.2009.0050; Kavanaugh K, 1997, J Hum Lact, V13, P15, DOI 10.1177-089033449701300111; Kehler HL, 2009, CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH, V100, P376; Kelly YJ, 2005, PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR, V8, P417, DOI 10.1079-PHN2004702; Kendall-Tackett Kathleen, 2007, Int Breastfeed J, V2, P6, DOI 10.1186-1746-4358-2-6; Kimbro RT, 2006, MATERN CHILD HLTH J, V10, P19, DOI 10.1007-s10995-005-0058-7; Labbok MH, 2001, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V48, P143, DOI 10.1016-S0031-3955(05)70290-X; Lecrubier Y, 1998, EUR PSYCHIAT, V13, P198, DOI 10.1016-S0924-9338(98)80004-7; LOCKLIN MP, 1993, BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C, V20, P30, DOI 10.1111-j.1523-536X.1993.tb00176.x; OHara MW, 1996, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V8, P37, DOI 10.3109-09540269609037816; Robertson E, 2004, GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT, V26, P289, DOI 10.1016-j.genhosppsych.2004.02.006; Sheehan DV, 1998, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V59, P22, DOI 10.4088-JCP.09m05305whi; Stewart DE, 2003, POSTPARTUM DEPRESSIO; SUSMAN VL, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P498; Taveras EM, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V112, P108, DOI 10.1542-peds.112.1.108; Vogel A, 1999, ACTA PAEDIATR, V88, P1320, DOI 10.1080-08035259975003001321
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Chironius diamantina Fernandes & Hamdan, 2014, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Chironius diamantina</i>, sp. nov. <p>Figs. 1–6</p> <p> <i>Chironius flavolineatus</i> (Jan, 1863) — Freitas & Silva (2007: 182, fig. MAF, Lençóis, BA) <i>Chironius flavolineatus</i> (Jan, 1863) — Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva (2012: 43, fig. 2k) <b>Holotype.</b> Adult female, MZUFBA 1657, collected in November 2005, no collector data, from the municipality of Morro do Chapéu (11o 33’ 9’’S, 41o 9’ 27’’W, about 1000 m above sea level; asl hereafter), oriental zone of Chapada Diamantina, state of Bahia, Brazil.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> All specimens from the state of Bahia, Brazil. Adult female, MZUFBA 2394, tail damaged, collected on March 13, 2013 by B. Hamdan, in the municipality of Palmeiras, village of Vale do Capão (12º 30’ 50’’S, 41º 34’ 39’’W, 1310 m asl), in an area of Campos Rupestres along the bank of the river of Cachoeira da Fumaça waterfall; adult male, AAGARDA 7191, collected on January 2013 by W. Pessoa, in the municipality of Palmeiras, village of Vale do Capão, in a tropical grassland environment near Cachoeira Águas Claras waterfall; adult male, UEFS 1519, no collector data, from the municipality of Palmeiras (12º 36’ 34’’S, 41º 30’ 24’’W, 1000 m asl); adult male, MZUSP 7804, tail damaged, and adult female, MZUSP 7805, both collected in 1980 by M. T. Rodrigues, in the municipality of Morro do Chapéu. All other specimens collected in the municipality of Rio de Contas (13o 26’ 30’’S, 41o 50’ 28’’W, about 1000 m asl), collection data from A.J.S. Argôlo. Adult male, MZUESC 2633, collected between 22 November 2001 and 26 June 2002, at Bittencourt farm; adult female, MZUESC 2102, tail damaged, collected between 26 May 2001 and 21 November 2001, at Brejo farm; adult male MZUESC 2642, tail damaged, adult female MZUESC 2643, adult female MZUESC 2644, tail damaged, and adult female MZUESC 2645, all four specimens collected between 22 November 2001 and 26 June 2002 at Brejo farm.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Chironius diamantina</i> can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of states of characters in preserved specimens: first third of body black or dark gray; vertebral stripe yellowish or creamish white, distinct from dorsals of nape and extending throughout almost the whole body length; head dorsum tan to brown, distinct from background color of first third of body; posterior temporal scales two to four; cloacal shield entire; six to ten rows of keeled dorsal scales at midbody; ventral scales with dark edges forming conspicuous transverse bars virtually throughout whole belly length; ventral surface of tail with conspicuous longitudinal dark stripes (in “zigzag”) in midventral portion of subcaudals; region of medial constriction of hemipenis slightly covered with spinules separating calyces of apex from spines below region of constriction; in lateral view, sulcus spermaticus positioned on convex face of hemipenis.</p> <p> <b>Comparisons.</b> <i>Chironius diamantina</i> is distinguished from all currently recognized congeners, except <i>C. flavolineatus</i>, by having the combination of first third of body black or dark gray, vertebral stripe yellowish or creamish white extending from nape throughout almost the whole body length, and head dorsum tan to brown distinct from background color of first third of body. Additionally, <i>C. diamantina</i> differs from <i>C. flavolineatus</i> (character states in parentheses) by having posterior temporals two to four (<i>vs</i>. single posterior temporal); cloacal shield entire (<i>vs</i>. divided); six to ten (<i>vs</i>. maximum of four rows of keeled dorsal scales at midbody); ventral scales with dark edges forming conspicuous transverse bars virtually throughout whole belly length; conspicuous dark longitudinal stripes (in “zigzag”) in the midventral portion of subcaudals (<i>vs.</i> ventrals and subcaudals uniformly creamish white); region of medial constriction of hemipenis slightly covered with spinules separating calyces of apex from spines below region of constriction (<i>vs</i>. region of medial constriction indistinct); in lateral view, sulcus spermaticus positioned on convex face of hemipenis (<i>vs</i>. sulcus spermaticus positioned on concave face of hemipenis in lateral view). Refers to Table 1 for additional qualitative characters to distinguish <i>C. diamantina</i> and <i>C. flavolineatus</i>.</p> <p> <b>Description of the holotype (Fig. 1).</b> Adult female; head distinct from neck; body slightly thinner in anterior portion; total length 1018 mm; SVL 645 mm; TL 373 mm; head length 231 mm; head width 126 mm; snout length 86 mm; snout width 78 mm; body width at midbody 110 mm; body height at midbody 128 mm. Length/width of rostral (4.5/ 2.1 mm); prenasals (1.7/ 1.8 mm); postnasals (1.6/ 1.7 mm); internasals (2.7/ 2.4 mm); loreals (2.2/ 1.3 mm); prefrontals (3.0/3.0 mm); prefrontal suture 2.5 mm; preoculars (1.7/3.0 mm); supraoculars (5.5/ 2.8 mm); frontal (6.5/ 4.9 mm); frontal-supraocular suture 4.1 mm; parietals (8.3/ 4.2 mm); parietal suture 6 mm; anterior temporals (4.4/ 2.5 mm); posterior upper temporal (3.2/ 1.5 mm); posterior lower temporal (4.5/ 2.2 mm); first pair of chin shields (6/ 2.1 mm); second pair of chin shields (8.3/ 2.1 mm); horizontal eyes diameter (4.1/ 4.5 mm); vertical eyes diameter (3.5/ 3.4 mm). Loreal longer than high, separated from orbit by preocular; loreal contacting postnasal anteriorly, preocular posteriorly, prefrontal dorsally, and second and third supralabials ventrally; preocular single, separated from frontal by suture between supraocular and prefrontal; pupil rounded; postoculars two; anterior temporal 1/1; posterior temporals 2/2; five occipital scales contacting parietals; supralabials 9/9, fourth, fifth, and sixth contacting orbit; infralabials 10/10, first to fifth contacting first pair of chin shields; fifth and sixth contacting second pair of chin shields; gulars three. Maxillary teeth 33. Dorsal scales rows formula 12/12/10; low density of apical pits on scales of neck; two rows of keeled dorsal scales at anterior portion of body; ten rows of keeled dorsal scales at midbody; six rows of keeled dorsal scales at posterior portion of body; keels very strong, mostly at midbody. Ventrals 161; subcaudals 137; cloacal shield entire (4.1/ 8.4 mm).</p> <p> <b>Color of the holotype in preservative (alcohol 70%) (Fig. 1).</b> Head dorsum uniformly brown; orbit slightly encircled by black; supralabials, infralabials, and ventral surface of head creamish white; dark postocular stripe reaching postoculars, temporals, and last supralabials (Fig. 1 E–F). First third of body dark gray gradually fading anteroposteriorly; first portion of vertebral stripe creamish white, gradually darkening anteroposteriorly, well distinct until posterior third of body; anterior portion of vertebral stripe 1.5 scale wide (Fig. 1 C). Row of paraventral scales in first third of body stained by black or dark brown (Fig. 1 E–F). Venter ground color creamish yellow to grayish, conspicuously marked by transversal dark bars corresponding to posterior margins of ventrals; transversal dark bars incomplete on anterior portion of belly (Fig. 1 D). Cloacal shield creamish white with gray spots; anterior portion of ventral surface of tail grayish, gradually getting lighter towards terminal caudal spine; conspicuous dark longitudinal stripes (in “zigzag”) along midventral portion of subcaudals (Fig. 1 B).</p> <p> <b>Color pattern variation (Figs. 1–2).</b> In alcohol 70%, color pattern of head dorsum possibly reaching lateral regions of head. Dorsal ground color of body dark gray, usually homogeneous; dorsum color pattern may attain lateral edges of ventrals, more conspicuous on tail region. Vertebral stripe 1–2 dorsal scales wide. Row of paraventral scales in first third of body creamish white. Conspicuous lateral stripe on tail region (Fig. 2 F). Venter ground color generally gray, usually lighter on first third; ventral surface of tail creamish white (Fig. 2 B, H).</p> <p> <b>Color in life (Fig. 3).</b> Head dorsum and snout brownish distinct from anterior portion of body; supralabials creamish white or yellowish; postocular stripe black or grayish; postocular stripe reaching postoculars, temporals, and occasionally last supralabials; infralabials and ventral surface of head creamish white. Dorsolateral ground color of body black, brown or grayish; first third of body darker than rest of dorsum; paraventral region brownish, lighter than rest of dorsum; dorsal scales generally black edged. Vertebral stripe golden extending from dorsal scales of nape to last third of dorsum of body where it gradually merges into body coloration. Venter ground color creamish white or light gray, conspicuously marked by transversal black or dark gray bars, especially after first third of belly; transversal bars correspond to posterior margins of ventrals (Fig. 3 F). Ventral surface of tail light gray with conspicuous black longitudinal stripes (in “zigzag”) along midventral portion of subcaudals. A single juvenile, not collected, showed dorsolateral ground color of body light brown with conspicuous light gray cross bands along the dorsum, which are not observed in adult specimens, and vertebral stripe extending from dorsal scales of nape to approximately midbody (Fig. 3 H).</p> <p> <b>Morphometric and meristic variation.</b> Largest male (MZUESC 2633) 720 mm SVL, 391 mm TL, largest female (MZUFBA 2394) 895 mm SVL, tail damaged. Total length in males 885–1111 mm (n=3), females 701–1018 mm (n=4); snout length in males 6.4–8.7 mm (n=4), females 6.1–11.8 mm (n=6); snout width 6.3–7 mm in males (n=4), females 4.3–10 mm (n=6); head length in males 22.2–26.3 mm (n=4), females 19.3–33.2 mm (n=7); head width in males 9.3–11.2 mm (n=4), 7.6–13.6 mm (n=7) in females; body width in midbody in males 8.8–12.7 mm (n=4), females 6.4–13.8 mm (n=7); body height in midbody in males 7.2–12.2 mm (n=4), 6.1–12.8 mm (n=7) in females. Variation of meristic and other morphometric data for <i>C. diamantina</i> are summarized in Table 1. Rows of keeled dorsal scales along body show variation (see Table 1) but keels are generally more conspicuous in males than in females.</p> <p> diagnostic characters (in bold) for both <i>C. diamantina</i> and <i>C. flavolineatus</i>. SO=supralabials contacting orbit; TEp=posterior</p> <p>temporals; KDA, KDM, and KDP=rows of keeled dorsal scales at anterior, midbody, and posterior portion of body,</p> <p>respectively; TB=ventrals with posterior dark edges forming transverse bars; LS=dark longitudinal stripes in midventral</p> <p>portion of subcaudals; CH = region of medial constriction of hemipenis; SS=position of sulcus spermaticus in lateral view of</p> <p>hemipenis; mean ± standard deviation; r=range; n=sample size.</p> <p> <b>Hemipenis (n=3, Fig. 4).</b> Organ unilobed, cylindrical, and unicalyculate. Hemipenis with large spinulate and well developed calyces on most apical portion. Medial portion of hemipenis with pronounced constriction region scattered with spinules, separating apical calyces from spines on hemipenial body. Medium to large curved spines covering lateral and assulcate sides and spinules covering sulcate side of organ. Sulcus spermaticus simple, centrolineal, and bordered by spinules along its extension. Sulcus spermaticus positioned more laterally at basal portion of hemipenis, gathering more centralized position from the end of proximal third of hemipenis. In lateral view, sulcus spermaticus situated on convex face of the organ. Basal portion of hemipenis with few spinules irregularly distributed.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name, a noun in apposition, refers to the Chapada Diamantina, central region of the state of Bahia from where the new species was described.</p> <p> <b>Geographic distribution and natural history.</b> The new species is known from municipalities of Morro do Chapéu, Rio de Contas, and Palmeiras in the Chapada Diamantina, state of Bahia, Brazil (Fig. 5). All available specimens were collected in areas up to 1000 m asl.</p> <p>An individual was observed foraging around 3:00 PM on the banks of a rocky river in an area of Campos Rupestres near Cachoeira da Fumaça waterfall (1148 m asl), village of Vale do Capão, Municipality of Palmeiras, Bahia (Fig. 6). A few minutes later plunged into the river and remained there for about two minutes. When disturbed the specimen tried to escape, but when facing the observer opened its mouth, adopted the “S” posture, and attempted to bite. The specimen also showed the behavior of turning sideways along its axis when head was restrained.</p>Published as part of <i>Fernandes, Daniel Silva & Hamdan, Breno, 2014, A new species of Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 from the state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil (Serpentes: Colubridae), pp. 563-575 in Zootaxa 3881 (6)</i> on pages 564-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3881.6.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/226528">http://zenodo.org/record/226528</a>
Analisis Regresi dan Korelasi antara Seleksi Bobot Badan Fase Starter Terhadap Produksi Ayam Ras Petelur Strain Isa brown
No full textERICKO UNUTIO, 2014. "Regression and Correlation Analysis between Starter
Body Weight Selection against Layer Production Strain Isa brown". Guided by
HAMDAN and TRI HESTI WAHYUNI.
This study aims to determine the relationship between Starter body weight
Selection (1 week) on egg production, first laying age, and first egg weight. This
study was held in CV. PTB Poultry Farm in the village of Sei Limbat, District
Selesai, Langkat Regency in April to August 2014. This study used 200 DOC with
initial weight of 39.33+2,63g. Selection is done by weighing 200 Starter (1 week)
with the requirement of 10 highest weight from 200 Starter (1 week) that has
calculated with the mean and standard deviation as a selection criterion with the
weight of 78.5+1,43g as many as 100 selected and 100 non-selected for
comparison.
The results showed that the selection of starter (1 week) body weight to
first egg weight has the highest value in the correlation value (r = 0.722) and the
regression value (R=0.722). While the non-selection of starter (1 week) body
weight to first egg weight has the highest value on correlation value (r = -0.357)
and the regression value (R2=0.357).
The conclusion of this study is if the starter (1 week) body weight in
selected chicken increases, the first egg weight will increase by 72%. Meanwhile,
if the starter (1 week) body weight in non-selected chicken increased, the first egg
weight will decrease by 35.7%.103 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
A simulation model for reliability-based appraisal of an energy policy: The case of Lebanon
No full textThe Lebanese Electric Power System (LEPS) has been suffering from technical and financial deficiencies for decades and mirrors the problems encountered in many developing countries suffering from inadequate or no power systems planning resulting in incomplete and ill-operating infrastructure, and suffering from effects of political instability, huge debts, unavailability of financing desired projects and inefficiency in operation. The upgrade and development of the system necessitate the adoption of a comprehensive energy policy that introduces solutions to a diversity of problems addressing the technical, financial, administrative and governance aspects of the system. In this paper, an energy policy for Lebanon is proposed and evaluated based on integration between energy modeling and financial modeling. The paper utilizes the Load Modification Technique (LMT) as a probabilistic tool to assess the impact of policy implementation on energy production, overall cost, technical-commercial losses and reliability. Scenarios reflecting implementation of policy projects are assessed and their impacts are compared with business-as-usual scenarios which assume no new investment is to take place in the sector. Conclusions are drawn on the usefulness of the proposed evaluation methodology and the effectiveness of the adopted energy policy for Lebanon and other developing countries suffering from similar power system problems. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.Abi Said C., 2005, ELECT ENERGY ENERGY; Al-Shaalan A.M., 2011, J KING SAUD U ENG SC, V23, P27; Avetisyan M, 2006, ENERG ECON, V28, P455, DOI 10.1016-j.eneco.2005.12.001; Badelt G, 2000, ENERG POLICY, V28, P39, DOI 10.1016-S0301-4215(99)00085-3; BILLINTON R, 1978, IEEE T POWER AP SYST, V97, P2076, DOI 10.1109-TPAS.1978.354711; Billinton R, 1996, RELIABILITY EVALUATI; D'Sa A, 2005, ENERG POLICY, V33, P1271, DOI 10.1016-j.enpol.2003.12.003; Electricite du France, 2009, GEN TRANS MAST PLAN; El-Fadel M, 2003, RENEW ENERG, V28, P1257, DOI 10.1016-S0960-1481(02)00229-X; El-Fadel R.H., 2009, ENERG POLICY, V38, P751; Ghajar R., 2011, P 8 INT C EUR EN MAR; Hamdan H.A., 2010, THESIS LEB AM U BYBL; IEEE Reliability Test System, 1979, IEEE T POWER APPARAT, V98, P2047; Karaki SH, 2002, INT J ELEC POWER, V24, P611, DOI 10.1016-S0142-0615(01)00075-8; Ministry of Energy and Water, 2003, IPP EN PROJ EN POL S; Ministry of Energy and Water, 2010, POL PAP EL SECT; Ministry of Energy and Water, 2009, FORM MED LONG TERM F; Ministry of Energy and Water, 2005, IPP EN PROJ EN POL S; Ministry of Energy and Water, 2004, IPP EN PROJ BLUEP ES; World Bank, 2008, 41421LB WORLD BANK33
Analisis hukum Taghyir Khalqillah dalam fatwa perubatan badan fatwa terpilih / Mohammad Naqib Hamdan
No full textThe development of the medical world today provides a wide range of procedures for
patients and partly affects the physical of patients, particularly in reconstructive, plastic
and cosmetic surgery. Basically, taghy?r khalqill?h is prohibited by Allah SWT as found
in surah al-Nis?�, verse 119 and the prohibitions from the had?th of al-wasl, al-washm,
al-nams dan al-tafalluj. Hence, this study will explain the concept of taghyr khalqillh
according to Islamic views through analysis of the perspectives of mufassir?n,
muhaddith?n and fuqah?�. Researcher will also analyze the current resolutions and fatwa
texts associated with the taghy?r khalqill?h. This study uses qualitative research method
by combining document study and case study. A total of 12 mufassir?n, 18 muhaddith?n
and 18 fuqah?� were selected for document studies and 139 resolutions and fatwas from
10 major fatwa bodies for case studies. By using thematic analysis, this study found that
the scholars use the concept of maqasid in determination of Islamic ruling by classifying
taghy?r to three levels, ie. taghy?r dar?r?, h?j? and tahs?n?. In this study, only the criteria
of taghy?r tahs?n? being developed because taghy?r dar?r? and taghy?r h?j? are allowed
by the scholars in their necessary space. While taghy?r tahsini has no specific guidance.
An analysis of 139 texts and medical fatwa related to taghy?r khalqill?h found that 67%
of them use maqasid consideration in determining the Islamic ruling. Hence, the
suggested concept and criteria of khalqillah can be a guidance to state fatwa bodies in
deciding fatwa on medical issues. Doctors and patients may also refer to the guidance in
determine medical treatment procedures allowed by shariah
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