1,720,955 research outputs found
Engendering cooperatives to address structural violence among the Maasai of Kajiado Central Sub-county, Kenya.
Full text linkStructural violence in the form of gender inequalities is reproduced by well-meaning cooperatives that fail to consider resource access and ownership dynamics in communities. In many patriarchal communities resources are gendered, creating boundaries for these genders that give them power. Among the Maasai, milk and its products belong to women as the cattle belong to the men. Rapid urbanization and climate change, seems to have led to loss of men’s ability to fulfil their provider societal expectation, as their herds had become smaller and could not be sold with ease as they provided a constant income from milk sales in cooperatives. This study sought to answer the question of how engendered cooperatives address structural violence in Kajiado Central Sub-county. The study utilized descriptive survey research design which allowed for the use of mixed methods approach. The milk cooperatives were purposively sampled while the respondents were randomly and purposively sampled to describe and compare the benefits derived from cooperative membership and nonmembership. It was established that women’s space in the livestock production industry had improved tremendously with the introduction of the cooperatives. Women were earning a steady income from sale of milk. However, the change in the power relations between Maasai men and women resulted in vulnerable Maasai men who indirectly engaged in the milk business considered a female domain to mitigate their societal expectations. Those who felt that they could not be engaged in that space, became physically violent, neglected their duties or divorced and separated from their spouses. In conclusion, cooperatives are critical empowerment tools that need to comprehensively empower all. Engendering cooperatives should move beyond tokenism to critically reviewing gender identities, power relations and roles. This would, expose diverse agencies and vulnerabilities hence a comprehensive empowerment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
EFFECTS OF INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NYANDO, MUHORONI AND TINDERET SUB-COUNTIES
No full textInter-ethnic conflicts impact negatively on the economic growth. In Africa, it has cost the Continent a tune of $ 120 billion, specifically affecting the agricultural sector subjecting over 198,000,000 people to starvation and food insecurity. Government effort in addressing the issue has been in vain as the number of deaths continued to rise tremendously from an estimate of 7, 9 and 13 people in 2012, 2014 and 2016 respectively. Further, massive destruction on property since 2012 has increased the rate of poverty, illiteracy, insecurity and communicable diseases. This has raised the concerns about the government’s ability in mitigating the vice. Previous studies in Kenya have focused on relationships between inter-ethnic conflicts, power and sharing of government resources. However, little research has been done on interethnic conflicts with stability, security, mobility and morbidity. The objective was to determine the relationship between inter-ethnic conflicts and economic growth in Nyando, Muhoroni and Tinderet sub-counties. Conflict theory as propounded by Karl Marx was adopted. A cross-sectional survey design and a population of 220 were used. It was a census study with response rate at 80.7%. The results revealed that there is significant association between inter-ethnic conflicts and economic growth using Pearson product moment correlation (r=.740, p=.00). Inter-ethnic Conflicts had an effect on economic growth and accounted for 58.1% significant variance in economic growth (R square =.581, F (2, 217) =261.296, p=.000). Finally, the main strategies used for conflict management were peace building activities, resettling clash victims and organizing workshops and seminars for the affected. The study recommends that all stakeholders ranging from the national government, the lands commission, the community leaders/elders, and the British government which colonized Kenya be engaged in finding a lasting solution to land issues. Besides these, the National Cohesion and Integration body should cascade its structures down to local councils to counter incitements, hate speech, and ethnicity. The national government should demobilize, rehabilitate, and reintegrate all existing and known militia groups. The structures responsible for justice be made more efficient to ensure justice is realized among the victims of inter-ethnic conflicts at same time parliament enact a legislation that will see to it that politicians, once elected, are transferable so as to encourage integration. Lastly, the members of the community should be sensitized on the effects of outdated cultural practices
Effects of Stakeholders‟ Participation in the InterEthnic Conflicts and Economic Growth in Nyando, Muhoroni and Tinderet Sub-Counties
No full textThe impact of ethnic conflicts to economic growth has been of great concerns by many Nations globally. Africa is the most
affected continent in regard to conflict due to many nations within the continent experiencing numerous conflicts either within
themselves or across their borders. Further, inter-ethnic conflict cost the Continent a tune of $ 120 billion, specifically affecting the
agricultural sector subjecting over 198,000,000 people to starvation and food insecurity. Government effort in addressing the issue has
been in vain as the number of deaths continued to rise tremendously from an estimate of 7, 9 and 13 people in 2012, 2014 and 2016
respectively. Further, massive destruction on property since 2012 has increased the rate of poverty, illiteracy, insecurity and
communicable diseases. This has raised the concerns about the government’s ability in mitigating the vice. Previous studies in Kenya
have focused on relationships between inter-ethnic conflicts, power and sharing of government resources. However, little research has
been done on inter-ethnic conflicts with stability, security, mobility and morbidity.The main objective was to determine stakeholders’
participation in the inter-ethnic conflicts on economic growth in Nyando, Muhoroni and Tinderet sub-counties. Conflict theory as
propounded by Karl Marx was adopted. Correlation survey design and a population of 220 were used. It was a census study with
response rateat 75.7%. The results indicates that there is a positive significant relationship between inter-ethnic conflicts and economic
growth after controlling for the effect of stakeholder participation (r=.701, p=.000). The study further indicates that stakeholder
participation is correlated with economic growth (R=.330) accounts for 10.9% change in economic growth (R2=.109), a value that is
significant, (F(1, 218)=46.091, p=.000). Finally, the net effect of inter-ethnic conflicts, which is the center of interest in the study, was
obtained by subtracting the R2 value of stakeholder participation from the total R2 value of both variables to obtain an R2change value
of 0.439, implying that after control of stakeholder participation, inter-ethnic conflicts accounted for 43.9% change in economic growth.
The study recommends that all stakeholders ranging from the national government, the lands commission, the community
leaders/elders, and the British government which colonized Kenya be engaged in finding a lasting solution to land issues. Besides these,
the National Cohesion and Integration body should cascade its structures down to local councils to counter incitements, hate speech,
and ethnicity. The national government should demobilize, rehabilitate, and reintegrate all existing and known militia groups. The
structures responsible for justice be made more efficient to ensure justice is realized among the victims of inter-ethnic conflicts at same
time parliament enact a legislation that will see to it that politicians, once elected, are transferable so as to encourage integration. Lastly,
the members of the community should be sensitized on the effects of outdated cultural practices
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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