1,720,955 research outputs found
Borderline cases in morphology: A study in language change
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to show how languages may change. To this end, three processes of non-morphemic word formation are analyzed: suffix reinterpretation, clipping and blending. An example of suffix reinterpretation is the development from Dutch -loog as in bioloog into -oloog as in deskundoloog. Clippings that are analyzed are, for instance, Dutch aso from asociaal or alto from alternatief. Krommunicatie, a mixture from krom and communicatie is a blend. These processes are considered exceptional and irregular. This is contested in this study. The underlying assumption of this research has steadfastly been that word-formation processes are systematic, not random or haphazard, based on the rationale that, if language changes were haphazard, interlocutors would see their chances of properly understanding each other heavily diminished. In addition, it is a priori highly unlikely that word formation consists of two completely different parts: a morphemic one which is systematic and a non-morphemic one which is not. The results presented in this volume show, as would be expected, that non-morphemic processes of word formation are not all chaotic. The theory of diacrisis, developed by the Polish linguist Ludwik Zabrocki (1907-1977), appeared to be very helpful in the analysis of the word-formation processes studied. Naïve native speakers of a language recognize the ‘confusivum’ of words, which is the common part of heterophonous words. This confusivum then systematically forms the basis for new formations and thus for language change. The data analyzed in this study mainly come from Dutch and English, however, examples are also presented from French, Spanish, Italian, German, Swedish, Frisian, Afrikaans and Polish
Borderline cases in morphology:A study in language change
No full textThe aim of this study is to show how languages may change. To this end, three processes of non-morphemic word formation are analyzed: suffix reinterpretation, clipping and blending.An example of suffix reinterpretation is the development from Dutch -loog as in bioloog into -oloog as in deskundoloog. Clippings that are analyzed are, for instance, Dutch aso from asociaal or alto from alternatief. Krommunicatie, a mixture from krom and communicatie is a blend.These processes are considered exceptional and irregular. This is contested in this study. The underlying assumption of this research has steadfastly been that word-formation processes are systematic, not random or haphazard, based on the rationale that, if language changes were haphazard, interlocutors would see their chances of properly understanding each other heavily diminished. In addition, it is a priori highly unlikely that word formation consists of two completely different parts: a morphemic one which is systematic and a non-morphemic one which is not. The results presented in this volume show, as would be expected, that non-morphemic processes of word formation are not all chaotic.The theory of diacrisis, developed by the Polish linguist Ludwik Zabrocki (1907-1977), appeared to be very helpful in the analysis of the word-formation processes studied. Naïve native speakers of a language recognize the ‘confusivum’ of words, which is the common part of heterophonous words. This confusivum then systematically forms the basis for new formations and thus for language change.The data analyzed in this study mainly come from Dutch and English, however, examples are also presented from French, Spanish, Italian, German, Swedish, Frisian, Afrikaans and Polish
The Minority Language Debate: The Case of Yiddish in the Dutch Language Landscape
Get PDFAlthough the description and study of dialects used to be a central issue in
traditional linguistics from the last quarter of the 19th century onwards, the protection and promotion of minority and regional languages only became a topic for linguistic research and language policy almost one hundred years later.
With the rise of sociolinguistics in the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century and the growing interest in the language use of different social classes, linguists, educators and politicians became interested in non-standard languages.
At the political level this led to several international reports, declarations, manifestos and charters, the most important being the Charter of Regional and Minority Languages accepted by the Council of Europe in 1992. In this article the implementation of the Charter in a few European Countries, such as France, Poland, Belgium and the Netherlands, is discussed. From this survey it becomes clear how political and legal factors prevail over linguistic arguments when it comes to the recognition of regional and minority languages. Not only the French unwillingness to recognize other languages in its territory other than standard French, but also the case of the Limburger language in Belgium and the Netherlands and that of Yiddish in the Netherlands and Sweden support this claim
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
