93 research outputs found
Effects of Activin A on the phenotypic properties of human periodontal ligament cells
No full textAbstract not availableHideki Sugii, Hidefumi Maeda, Atsushi Tomokiyo, Naohide Yamamoto, Naohisa Wada, Katsuaki Koori, Daigaku Hasegawa, Sayuri Hamano, Asuka Yuda, Satoshi Monnouchi, Akifumi Akamin
The Struggle of a Geisha in Maintaining Her Pride as Seen in Arthur Golden’s Memoirs of a Geisha
No full textThis thesis is entitled "The Struggle of Geisha in Maintaining Her Pride as seen in Arthur Golden\u27s Memoirs of a Geisha" seen from the perspective of structuralism. This research is limited on basic ideas that relate to the observation into three questions as follow: (1) how is geisha’s life before World War II (2) how was the geisha struggle after World War II, and (3) how is geisha maintaining her pride before and after second world war. The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze Sayuri’s life before World War II (2) to explain Sayuri\u27s life after World War II, and (3) to study and explain the types of struggles in maintaining her pride by Sayuri as the main female character , to oppose and think of Sayuri\u27s struggle to fight exploitation and significant meaning, and to find out and explain the depiction of Sayuri\u27s struggle. The theory used is from Gough and Gautam about the structural analysis used to answer the purpose of this research. For the method of data analysis, the author uses systematic procedures with novel understanding and structural theory. Data collection techniques use documentation techniques in finding data that is relevant to the subject of analysis. The object of this research is a novel entitled Memoirs of a Geisha written by Arthur Golden in 1997 and the data are sentences related to the struggle of a woman found in the novel. Sayuri as the main female character in the novel represents women in general who can gain their independence and have a smart and brave attitude to take the important decisions in their life
Monitoring Trade Costs in Southeast Asia
No full textThis paper develops an Index of Trade Costs for ASEAN Member Countries, 1990-2007 based on the gap between cif and fob values of ASEAN exports to Australia. The cif/fob gap is a commonly used aggregate measure of trade costs, and Australia is a useful benchmark for ASEAN countries because it is a large trading partner whose major ports of entry are roughly equidistant from the ASEAN countries. The case for using this Index as a measure of trade costs is set out in the first section. The second section examines the raw data for the ASEAN countries. The third section reports econometric analysis of the cif/fob measure to better understand why trade costs vary across countries and to compare the ASEAN members' record to the global average during the period 1990-2007. The final section presents the two versions of the Index, discusses some reservations to using the cif/fob measure of trade costs, and suggests how the Index could be upgraded, maintained and extended.Trade costs; ASEAN.
Special Economic Zones and Economic Corridors
No full textVarious reports show that special economic zones (SEZ) have become a prime catalyst for regional development in developing countries such as China and the ASEAN countries. The SEZ can be defined as a specific geographical region with economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws. Many SEZs have characteristics of bonded zones, export processing zone (EPZ) or free trade zones and provide special incentives, including tax exemption or reduction to investors. The purpose of the paper is to enumerate the candidates for SEZ in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV countries) according to four types: "metropolitan areas," "ports and harbors," "border areas" and "junctions or intersections." The first two types are based on the experience of forerunning ASEAN countries and the latter two are based on the economic corridors of the Greater Mekong Sub region Economic Cooperation Program. The paper concludes by identifying locations for the questionnaire and flowchart approach-based surveys, and presenting country-specific strategies.ASEAN, SEZ, Port, Harbor, Junction, Economic Corridor, CLMV, GMS.
Phonology of middle Mongolian in 'Da-da yi-yu'
No full textThis paper is concerned with the phones of middle Mongolian transcribed by Chinese characters in the glossary 『韃靼譯語(Da-da yi-yu)』. This text is the Mongolian part of the type 丙 of the glossaries ｢華夷譯語(Hua-yi yi-yu)｣ in which words of Chinese were contrasted with those of some foreign languages in Ming and Qing dynasties. 『韃靼譯語』was written for interpreters to study the Mongolian language. So it is expected that the phones of colloquial Mongolian were described more naturally in this text than in the other texts. In this paper, we reconstructed the phones of middle Mongolian in 『韃靼譯語』 and revealed the system of transcription using the phones of Chinese in 『重訂司馬温公等韻図経』 written in 1606. Consequently we found the following features peculiar to 『韃靼譯語』. (i) t, k, ɣ, l at the end of syllables are not transcribed frequently. (ii) ɣ preceded by l, r and ŋ is often transcribed by a Chinese consonant zero (影母). (iii) The phone ər of Chinese is used for the transcription of liquids. These features show that the author of 『韃靼譯語』 heard the phones of colloquial Mongolian and transcribed them naturally using the phones of his own Chinese, not artificially through written Mongolian
Role of Bacillus subtilis exopolymeric genes in modulating rhizosphere microbiome assembly
No full textThis article was originally published in Environmental Microbiome. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-024-00567-4. © The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Background
Bacillus subtilis is well known for promoting plant growth and reducing abiotic and biotic stresses. Mutant gene-defective models can be created to understand important traits associated with rhizosphere fitness. This study aimed to analyze the role of exopolymeric genes in modulating tomato rhizosphere microbiome assembly under a gradient of soil microbiome diversities using the B. subtilis wild-type strain UD1022 and its corresponding mutant strain UD1022eps−TasA, which is defective in exopolysaccharide (EPS) and TasA protein production.
Results
qPCR revealed that the B. subtilis UD1022eps−TasA− strain has a diminished capacity to colonize tomato roots in soils with diluted microbial diversity. The analysis of bacterial β-diversity revealed significant differences in bacterial and fungal community structures following inoculation with either the wild-type or mutant B. subtilis strains. The Verrucomicrobiota, Patescibacteria, and Nitrospirota phyla were more enriched with the wild-type strain inoculation than with the mutant inoculation. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that when the mutant was inoculated in tomato, the rhizosphere microbial community exhibited a lower level of modularity, fewer nodes, and fewer communities compared to communities inoculated with wild-type B. subtilis.
Conclusion
This study advances our understanding of the EPS and TasA genes, which are not only important for root colonization but also play a significant role in shaping rhizosphere microbiome assembly. Future research should concentrate on specific microbiome genetic traits and their implications for rhizosphere colonization, coupled with rhizosphere microbiome modulation. These efforts will be crucial for optimizing PGPR-based approaches in agriculture.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP Processes No. 2021/14711-2, 2020/00469-2 and 2020/06077-9), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq Process No. 302147/2022-5), and the USDA Multistate HACTH Grant
Who Uses Free Trade Agreements?
No full textIt is noted that utilization of ASEAN Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) is low by international standards. In order to clarify the reasons for such low utilization, this paper investigates what kinds of Japanese affiliates in ASEAN are more likely to use FTAs in their exporting, by employing unique affiliate-level data. Our findings are as follows. First, the larger the affiliate is, or the more diversified the origins of its procurements, the more likely it is to utilize an FTA scheme in its exporting. Second, affiliates that export actively to countries with higher general tariffs are more likely to use FTAs. Third, there are clear differences in FTA utilization depending affiliates, locations and sectors.
Fanfictions: das plataformas digitais para os livros didáticos
No full textThis thesis aims to analyze suggestions of activities on the fanfiction discursive genre
in textbooks selected by the National Book and Teaching Material Program (PNLD) for
elementary school (BRASIL, 2018b) and high school (BRASIL, 2019). Among the
indicated collections, we identified that six books presented activities related to
fanfictions, of which we selected four of them, based on the following criteria: belonging
to different collections and presenting more than one page of activities with the
discursive genre fanfic, in order to have a material more consistent for analysis, and
describe the stages of text production. Thus, for the analysis, we chose the books: Se
liga na língua - leitura, produção de texto e linguagem - 8th grade of elementary school
(ORMUNDO; SINISCLACHI, 2018), and for high school, Se Liga nas Linguagens -
experimenta dialogar! (ORMUNDO et al., 2020), Identidade em ação: Linguagens e
suas tecnologias – Um mundo de linguagens (GUIMARÃES et al., 2020), Ser
protagonista Linguagens e suas Tecnologias – Interação Social (POUGY et al., 2020).
We sought to verify if the activities contribute to the formation of the reader/author,
based on the reading of works that mobilize the virtual communities of fans. It is also
the focus of our studies to understand how the experience of reading and producing
fanfictions, on digital platforms, can be used at school, so that the act of reading and
writing a discursive genre makes sense for students, not limited to mechanical activities
in which the only reader is the teacher. We also intended to verify how the use of digital
tools is proposed in activities with the discursive genre fanfiction in the analyzed
textbooks and if they are valid for the formation of readers/authors, in a way that
promotes the production of authorial texts. To this end, the studies by Cosson
(2020,2021); Jamison (2017); Jenkins (2010, 2009); Jenkins, Green and Ford (2014);
Kalantzis, Cope and Pinheiro (2020); Schneuwly, Dolz and Noverraz (2013); Vargas
(2015), among others, support the analysis and intervention proposals. The
methodology adopted is bibliographic research and document analysis. The
investigation contributes in the field of Portuguese language teaching and learning
practices regarding the reading and production of discursive genres from/in the digital
universe, considering fanfictions. As a result, we show that the activities in the analyzed
textbooks do not focus on the practice of reading fanfic in their original media, and, in
some cases, do not present the elements that characterize this discursive genre, in a
first contact with the text. We also found that the proposals for textual elaboration are
more focused on the production of verbal text, that is, the possibilities that digital
information and communication technologies (DICT) offer, with regard to multimodality,
are not explored. Despite the problems detected, we consider the activities promising,
as they include relatively new digital discursive genres, possibly closer to the students'
interests.Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar proposições de atividades sobre o gênero
discursivo fanfiction nos livros didáticos selecionados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro
e do Material Didático (PNLD) para o ensino fundamental (BRASIL, 2018b) e para o
ensino médio (BRASIL, 2019). Dentre as coleções indicadas, identificamos que seis
livros apresentaram atividades relacionadas às fanfictions, dos quais selecionamos
quatro deles com base nos seguintes critérios: pertencerem a coleções distintas,
apresentarem mais de uma página de atividades com o gênero discursivo fanfic, de
forma a ter uma material mais consistente para análise, e descreverem as etapas da
produção do texto. Desse modo, para a análise, selecionamos: Se liga na língua -
leitura, produção de texto e linguagem – 8º ano do ensino fundamental (ORMUNDO;
SINISCLACHI, 2018), e, para o ensino médio, Se Liga nas Linguagens - experimenta
dialogar! (ORMUNDO et al., 2020), Identidade em ação: Linguagens e suas
tecnologias – Um mundo de linguagens (GUIMARÃES et al., 2020), Ser protagonista
Linguagens e suas Tecnologias – Interação Social (POUGY et al., 2020). Buscamos
verificar se as atividades contribuem para a formação do leitor/autor, tendo como base
a leitura de obras que mobilizam as comunidades virtuais de fãs. Também é foco de
nossos estudos compreender como a experiência de leitura e produção de fãs, em
plataformas digitais, pode ser empregada na escola, de forma que o ato de ler e
elaborar um gênero discursivo faça sentido para os alunos, não se limitando a
atividades mecânicas em que o único leitor seja o professor. Pretendemos, ainda,
verificar como o uso de ferramentas digitais é proposto nas atividades com o gênero
discursivo fanfiction nos livros didáticos analisados e se são válidas para a formação
do leitor/autor, de maneira que fomentem a produção de textos autorais. Para tanto,
os estudos de Cosson (2020,2021); Jamison (2017); Jenkins (2010, 2009); Jenkins,
Green e Ford (2014); Kalantzis, Cope e Pinheiro (2020); Schneuwly, Dolz e Noverraz
(2013); Vargas (2015), entre outros, embasam as análises e as propostas de
intervenções. A metodologia adotada é a pesquisa bibliográfica e de análise
documental. A investigação contribui no campo das práticas de ensino e
aprendizagem de língua portuguesa no que se refere à leitura e produção de gêneros
discursivos do/no universo digital, considerando as fanfictions. Como resultados,
evidenciamos que as atividades nos livros didáticos analisados não focam na prática
de leitura de fanfic em seus suportes originais e, em alguns casos, não apresentam
os elementos que caracterizam esse gênero discursivo, em um primeiro contato com
o texto. Constatamos, ainda, que as propostas de elaboração textual estão
concentradas mais na produção de texto verbal, ou seja, as possibilidades que as
tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC) oferecem, no que diz
respeito à multimodalidade, não são exploradas. Apesar dos problemas detectados,
consideramos as atividades promissoras, pois contemplam gêneros discursivos
digitais relativamente novos, possivelmente mais próximos dos interesses dos aluno
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