1,720,956 research outputs found
Plockanalys på matsvinn från skolluncher med fokus på klimatpåverkan
Get PDFFood waste has a great impact on the environment and generates approximately 3.3 giga tonnes of CO2-eq annually. The SDG 12.3 set by the UN, to halve the global per capita food waste by 2030, is one of the measures that strives to combat this problem. There is a necessity to implement reduction measures across all stages of the food chain in order to reach this goal. In Sweden there is about 33 000 tonnes of food waste generated from public meals annually, with roughly 9 200 tonnes originating from elementary schools.
For this study, plate waste from two elementary schools in Uppsala, Sweden, was analysed with the aim of gathering knowledge into what food categories that are wasted in schools and their quantities. The aim was also to investigating the climate impact of the plate waste. Understanding more about plate waste could help implement measures to reduce it and to ensure that pupils receive their daily energy intake. The method of waste composition analysis was used for eight days over a two-week span to separate and weigh plate waste based on food categories. To assess the climate impact of the waste, a carbon footprint was used. The results were that pasta and potatoes were wasted the most at both schools. Vegetables, fish, meats, and bread were wasted in low quantities. However, beef had the highest carbon footprint of all observed food categories. Plant based foods had a small climate impact. In order to reduce their impact on the climate, the schools will have to implement further food waste reduction strategies. Future research should focus on how to address the problem areas that this study has discovered, in order to reduce food waste and the climate impact of school canteens without compromising the recommended nutritional meals that Swedish schools provide
Minskat tallrikssvinn i skolor : intressenters synpunkter, elevbeteende och framtida åtgärder i Uppsala
Get PDFFood waste has significant implications for the planet, contributing to climate change and biodiversity loss. In 2022, an estimated 1,052 million tonnes of food waste were generated globally. In Sweden, around 1.42 million tonnes were wasted the same year, with approximately 3,500 tonnes generated in upper secondary schools. Plate waste, the fraction of food left on consumers' plates, impacts not only the environment but also nutrition. Previous research has shown that plate waste increases with student age and that a minority of students often generate a majority of the waste. Therefore, this study investigates plate waste in two upper secondary schools in Uppsala municipality, Sweden, with the aim of exploring how to reduce it.
A mixed-methods approach was used to examine what measures the schools have taken, what causes relevant stakeholders perceive behind plate waste, what challenges and opportunities exist for reducing it, and whether high-waste students can be identified. Stakeholders included kitchen personnel, school staff, and students. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather information on interventions and to identify challenges and opportunities for plate waste reduction. Thematic analysis was applied to interview data, resulting in five identified themes. A student survey looked into student perspectives on reasons for food waste and potential school-level improvements. Lunchroom observations were used to investigate whether male students waste more than female students, and whether larger student groups contribute to increased waste.
Findings showed a variety of interventions implemented by the schools, many which align with previous research, such as educational campaigns and reduced plate size. The schools were observed to have lower plate waste than the national average during the study period. A key challenge was capturing students’ attention and achieving long lasting behavioural change. Interviews revealed routines for approaching high-wasting students and efforts to educate them, however the effects from such efforts have not been evaluated. It was also revealed that peer pressure and trends in society might have a substantial impact on plate waste behaviour. Other key findings were that plate waste increases at the start of the school year, indicating a window for when to concentrate efforts. Survey and interview data had contradictory results as to why students waste food, highlighting the limitations of self-reported data. Observations showed no significant gender difference in waste levels but did indicate that plate waste may increase with group size. The study concludes that further research is needed to study effects and implications of targeting high-waste students and for developing interventions with long-term impact in school settings
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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