132,010 research outputs found
La quatrième voie. Une analyse du projet d’« Ingénierie philosophique » de Halpin
No full textWheeler Michael, Declerck Gunnar. La quatrième voie. Une analyse du projet d’« Ingénierie philosophique » de Halpin. In: Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive, n°61, 2014/1. Philosophie du Web et Ingénierie des Connaissances. pp. 261-269
Emergence of consensus and shared vocabularies in collaborative tagging systems
No full textThis article uses data from the social bookmarking site del.icio.us to empirically examine the dynamics of collaborative tagging systems and to study how coherent categorization schemes emerge from unsupervised tagging by individual users. First, we study the formation of stable distributions in tagging systems, seen as an implicit form of “consensus” reached by the users of the system around the tags that best describe a resource. We show that final tag frequencies for most resources converge to power law distributions and we propose an empirical method to examine the dynamics of the convergence process, based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence measure. The convergence analysis is performed for both the most utilized tags at the top of tag distributions and the so-called long tail. Second, we study the information structures that emerge from collaborative tagging, namely tag correlation (or folksonomy) graphs. We show how community-based network techniques can be used to extract simple tag vocabularies from the tag correlation graphs by partitioning them into subsets of related tags. Furthermore, we also show, for a specialized domain, that shared vocabularies produced by collaborative tagging are richer than the vocabularies which can be extracted from large-scale query logs provided by a major search engine. Although the empirical analysis presented in this article is based on a set of tagging data obtained from del.icio.us, the methods developed are general, and the conclusions should be applicable across other websites that employ tagging
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Information and Communication Technology Evaluation: Role, Methods and Practices in the Public Sector
No full textThe recent and pervasive diffusion of ICT into commerce, industry and the public sector has led to a revolution whose consequences are potentially comparable to those
produced by the industrial revolution. ICT has been assigned a key role in promoting the development of what is generally termed the “new economy”
The typical organisational form of production in this new economy is the networked company, which applies ICT to redesign processes and relations in a useful (effective) and cost-effective (efficient) way. This substantial and far-reaching change also affects the public sector as it is directly involved in productive processes and it also governs social and economic activities. Public action is subject to the principle of ‘value for money’ because of scarcity of resources. Therefore, the ability to prioritise investments and the ability to identify the best
alternative are two key issues.
In this context, ICT evaluation represents a key means of enhancing the decisionmaking process in the public sphere. Essential to determining the value of ICT investment is the relation between the costs incurred for the acquisition and
introduction of ICT and the gain from better management. In addition, since egovernment initiatives gain from the “network model”, ICT evaluation can improve planning at a national level by coordinating ICT strategies adopted by individual public
institutions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
NEW INTERHARMONIC SUBGROUP CONCEPT FOR QUANTIFYING AND LIMITING DISTORTION IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS: FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION
No full textThe paper reports on the latest developments associated with the issues and challenges behind the choice of feasible interharmonic limits in distribution networks to be included in future International Standards as discussed within the interharmonic distortion task force (IHD-TF), which is formed in the framework of the Harmonics WG (519) of the IEEE PES T&D Committee
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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